Awọn ofin 7 dmesg fun Laasigbotitusita ati Gbigba Alaye ti Awọn ọna Linux
Aṣẹ naa ' dmesg ' ṣe afihan awọn ifiranṣẹ lati ifipamọ oruka ekuro. Eto kan kọja oju-iwe lọpọlọpọ lati ibiti a ti le gba alaye pupọ bi faaji eto, cpu, ẹrọ ti a so, Ramu ati bẹbẹ lọ Nigbati bata bata kọnputa, ekuro kan (mojuto ti ẹrọ ṣiṣe) ti wa ni ẹrù sinu iranti. Lakoko nọmba yẹn ti awọn ifiranṣẹ ti han ni ibiti a ti le rii awọn ẹrọ ohun elo ti a rii nipasẹ ekuro.
Ka Tun: Awọn aṣẹ Linux 10 lati Gba Eto ati Alaye Ohun elo
Awọn ifiranṣẹ naa ṣe pataki pupọ ni awọn ofin ti idi iwadii ni idi ti ikuna ẹrọ. Nigbati a ba sopọ tabi ge asopọ ẹrọ ohun elo lori ẹrọ, pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ dmesg a wa mọ iwari tabi ge asopọ alaye lori fifo. Aṣẹ dmesg wa lori pupọ julọ Linux ati Unix orisun Eto Isisẹ.
Jẹ ki a jabọ imọlẹ diẹ si ọpa olokiki ti a pe ni ‘dmesg’ aṣẹ pẹlu awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe wọn bi a ti jiroro ni isalẹ. Itọkasi gangan ti dmesg bi atẹle.
# dmseg [options...]
1. Ṣe atokọ gbogbo Awọn Awakọ ti kojọpọ ni Ekuro
A le lo awọn irinṣẹ ifọwọyi ọrọ ie ' diẹ sii ', ' iru ', ' kere si ' tabi ' grep 'pẹlu aṣẹ dmesg. Bii iṣujade ti log dmesg kii yoo baamu loju iwe kan, lilo dmesg pẹlu paipu diẹ sii tabi kere si aṣẹ yoo ṣe afihan awọn iwe-iwe ni oju-iwe kan.
dmesg | more dmesg | less
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000efffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fed003ff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed20000-0x00000000fed9ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000feefffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffb00000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active .....
Ka Bakannaa : Ṣakoso awọn faili Lainos daradara ni lilo awọn pipaṣẹ ori, iru ati o nran
2. Ṣe atokọ gbogbo Awọn Ẹrọ Ti a Ṣawari
Lati ṣe iwari iru awọn disiki lile nipasẹ ekuro, o le wa fun ọrọ-ọrọ “sda” pẹlu “grep” bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.
dmesg | grep sda [ 1.280971] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 488281250 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/232 GiB) [ 1.281014] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 1.281016] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 1.281039] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1.359585] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 > [ 1.360052] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 2.347887] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 22.928440] Adding 3905532k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:3905532k FS [ 23.950543] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro [ 24.134016] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.330762] EXT4-fs (sda7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.561015] EXT4-fs (sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
AKIYESI: 'Sda' akọkọ dirafu lile SATA, 'sdb' ni dirafu lile SATA keji ati bẹbẹ lọ. Wa pẹlu 'hda' tabi 'hdb' ninu ọran dirafu lile IDE.
3. Tẹjade Awọn ila 20 akọkọ ti Ijade nikan
‘Ori’ papọ pẹlu dmesg yoo fihan awọn ila ibẹrẹ bii ‘dmesg | ori -20 'yoo tẹ sita awọn ila 20 nikan lati ibẹrẹ.
dmesg | head -20 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved
4. Tẹjade Awọn ila 20 to kẹhin ti Ijade
‘Iru’ naa pẹlu aṣẹ dmesg yoo tẹjade awọn ila to kẹhin 20 nikan, eyi wulo ni ọran ti a ba fi ẹrọ yiyọ sii.
dmesg | tail -20 parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Adding 2097144k swap on /dev/sda2. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2097144k readahead-disable-service: delaying service auditd ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) NET: Registered protocol family 10 lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None Slow work thread pool: Starting up Slow work thread pool: Ready FS-Cache: Loaded CacheFiles: Loaded CacheFiles: Security denies permission to nominate security context: error -95 eth0: no IPv6 routers present type=1305 audit(1398268784.593:18630): audit_enabled=0 old=1 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 res=1 readahead-collector: starting delayed service auditd readahead-collector: sorting readahead-collector: finished
5. Wiwa Ẹrọ Ti a Ṣawari tabi Okun Ni pato
O nira lati wa okun ni pato nitori ipari iṣẹjade dmesg. Nitorinaa, ṣe àlẹmọ awọn ila pẹlu ni okun bi ‘usb‘ ‘dma‘ ‘tty’ ati ‘Memory’ ati bẹbẹ lọ. Aṣayan ‘-i’ paṣẹ fun aṣẹ grep lati foju kọ ọran naa (awọn lẹta nla tabi kekere).
dmesg | grep -i usb dmesg | grep -i dma dmesg | grep -i tty dmesg | grep -i memory
[ 0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-0x01ffffff] [ 0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [c009b000] 9b000 size 16384 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37800000-0x379fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x34000000-0x377fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x33ffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37a00000-0x37bfdfff] [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x000effff] [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups [ 0.000000] Memory: 2003288K/2059928K available (6352K kernel code, 607K rwdata, 2640K rodata, 880K init, 908K bss, 56640K reserved, 1146920K highmem) [ 0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.004291] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [ 0.004609] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 28K (c1a3e000 - c1a45000) [ 0.899622] Freeing initrd memory: 23616K (f51d0000 - f68e0000) [ 0.899813] Scanning for low memory corruption every 60 seconds [ 0.946323] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 32768K stolen memory [ 1.360318] Freeing unused kernel memory: 880K (c1962000 - c1a3e000) [ 1.429066] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 2048M
6. Nu Awọn iwe akọọlẹ Dmesg kuro
Bẹẹni, a le mu awọn akọọlẹ dmesg kuro ti o ba nilo pẹlu aṣẹ isalẹ. Yoo mu awọn akọọlẹ ifiranse ifiranse dmesg oruka kuro titi iwọ o fi pa aṣẹ ni isalẹ. Ṣi o le wo awọn àkọọlẹ ti o fipamọ sinu awọn faili '/ var/log/dmesg'. Ti o ba sopọ mọ eyikeyi ẹrọ yoo ṣe ina iṣelọpọ dmesg.
dmesg -c
7. Abojuto dmesg ni Akoko Gidi
Diẹ ninu distro ngbanilaaye aṣẹ 'iru -f/var/log/dmesg' bakanna fun ibojuwo dmesg akoko gidi.
watch "dmesg | tail -20"
Ipinnu: Aṣẹ dmesg wulo bi dmesg ṣe igbasilẹ gbogbo awọn ayipada eto ti o ṣe tabi waye ni akoko gidi. Bi igbagbogbo o le eniyan dmesg lati ni alaye diẹ sii.