Itọsọna Fifi sori Linux Linux pẹlu Awọn sikirinisoti - Apá 2


Gẹgẹbi a ti sọ tẹlẹ ninu ẹkọ mi ti o kẹhin nipa fifi sori ẹrọ Linux Linux jẹ ilana gigun ati nira eyiti o nilo akoko afikun ṣugbọn ni ipari eto rẹ yoo wo ki o ṣe deede ni ọna ti o fẹ, nitorinaa yoo tẹsiwaju taara lati ibiti a ti lọ kuro ni akoko to kọja.

  1. Fifi Linux Linux - Apakan 1

Igbesẹ 4: Tunto Fifi sori ẹrọ Gentoo

13. Faili Make.conf ni diẹ ninu awọn oniyipada pataki ti o nilo fun Portage lati jẹ ki awọn atunto awọn akopọ rẹ fun ilana ikojọpọ. Ṣii faili yii fun ṣiṣatunkọ ati rii daju pe awọn oniyipada atẹle wa (o yẹ ki o faramọ pẹlu awọn iye aiyipada eyiti o dara to fun eto rẹ).

# nano /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf
CFLAGS="-O2  -pipe"
# Use the same settings for both variables
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

Fun awọn iṣapeye diẹ sii jọwọ ṣabẹwo si Itọsọna Iṣapeye Gentoo.

14. Lo atẹle mirrorselect lati yan awọn digi yiyara ti o sunmọ julọ fun gbigba awọn idii koodu orisun. Portage yoo lo awọn digi yii nipasẹ ṣiṣayẹwo faili make.conf .

# mirrorselect -i -r -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

15. Lẹhin ti o ṣiṣe mirrorselect wadi make.conf awọn eto lẹẹkansi ki o ṣayẹwo atokọ digi rẹ, lẹhinna daakọ DNS /etc/resolv.conf faili si ọna ayika fifi sori ẹrọ rẹ.

# nano /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf
# cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

Igbesẹ 5: Fifi sori ẹrọ Gentoo

16. Nigbati o ba kọkọ ṣiṣẹ DVD DVD Live, Linux Kernel ṣajọ alaye eto pataki nipa gbogbo awọn ẹrọ ohun elo rẹ ati fifuye awọn modulu ekuro ti o yẹ lati ṣe atilẹyin fun ohun elo yii, alaye ti o wa ni /proc , /sys ati awọn ilana /dev , nitorinaa gbe awọn eto faili wọnyẹn si /mnt/gentoo ọna eto fifi sori ẹrọ.

# mount -t proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
# mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
# mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev

17. Igbese ti n tẹle ni lati ṣoki agbegbe igbesi aye DVD ki o tẹ ọna fifi sori ẹrọ tuntun wa nipa lilo chroot , fifuye awọn eto eto iṣaaju ti a pese nipasẹ faili /ati be be/profaili ki o yipada < b> $PS1 Aṣẹ Tọ.

# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
# source /etc/profile
# export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

18. Bayi ṣe igbasilẹ aworan Portage tuntun nipa lilo pipaṣẹ emerge-webrsync .

# mkdir /usr/portage
# emerge-webrsync

19. Lẹhin ti Portage pari amuṣiṣẹpọ yan profaili kan fun opin eto iwaju rẹ. O da lori profaili ti a yan awọn iye aiyipada fun LILO ati CFLAGS yoo yipada lati ṣe afihan deede ni ayika eto ikẹhin eto rẹ (Gnome, KDE, olupin ati bẹbẹ lọ).

# eselect profile list
# eselect profile set 6   ## For KDE

20. Nigbamii tunto eto Aago Aago rẹ ati Awọn agbegbe nipasẹ aiṣedede ede ti o fẹ julọ lati faili /etc/locale.gen nipa lilo awọn atẹle awọn ofin wọnyi.

# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Continent/City /etc/localtime
# echo " Continent/City " > /etc/timezone
# nano  /etc/locale.gen

Uncomment awọn agbegbe agbegbe eto rẹ.

locale-gen
env-update && source /etc/profile

Igbesẹ 6: Fifi Kernel Linux sori ẹrọ

21. Gentoo pese awọn ọna meji ti ikole ati fifi Kernel Linux sori ẹrọ: lilo iṣeto ekuro afowoyi tabi lo ilana adaṣe nipasẹ ipinfunni genkernel aṣẹ eyiti o kọ ekuro jeneriki ti o da lori eyi ti o lo nipasẹ fifi sori Live DVD.

Lori ẹkọ yii ọna keji yoo ṣee lo nitori ọna akọkọ nilo imoye ti ilọsiwaju ti awọn paati eto rẹ ati kikọ ekuro pẹlu awọn atunto ọwọ.

Akọkọ ṣe igbasilẹ awọn orisun ekuro nipa lilo farahan ati ṣayẹwo ijẹrisi ekuro nipa kikojọ akoonu ti itọsọna /usr/src/linux .

# emerge gentoo-sources
# ls -l /usr/src/linux

22. Bayi ṣajọ ekuro rẹ nipa lilo pipaṣẹ genkernel , eyiti o kọ ekuro laifọwọyi pẹlu awọn eto ohun elo aiyipada ti a rii nipasẹ oluta DVD ni akoko bata. Mọ daju pe ilana yii le gba akoko pupọ da lori awọn orisun ohun elo rẹ.

# emerge genkernel
# genkernel all

Ti o ba fẹ ṣe atunṣe iṣeto ekuro pẹlu ọwọ o le lo genkernel –menuconfig gbogbo pipaṣẹ. Nigbati ilana naa ba pari o le ṣayẹwo ekuro ati faili Ramdisk nipa kikojọ akoonu itọsọna /bata .

Igbesẹ 7: Awọn atunto Eto Miiran

23. Igbese ti n tẹle ni lati tunto fstab faili lati gbe awọn ipin eto laifọwọyi lakoko ilana bata. Ṣii faili /etc/fstab ki o ṣafikun akoonu atẹle.

# nano /etc/fstab

Ni botton ti faili fi awọn ila wọnyi sii.

/dev/sda2	/boot	ext2    defaults,noatime     0 2
/dev/sda4       /       ext4    noatime              0 1
/dev/sda3       none	swap    sw                   0 0

24. Ṣeto orukọ ogun fun eto rẹ nipa ṣiṣatunkọ /etc/conf.d/hostname faili ati /ati be be/awọn ogun faili iru si awọn sikirinisoti ni isalẹ ki o ṣayẹwo rẹ nipa lilo hostname pipaṣẹ.

# hostname

25. Lati tunto awọn eto nẹtiwọọki titilai pẹlu DHCP fi sori ẹrọ Onibara dhcpcd ki o ṣafikun rẹ si ilana ibẹrẹ eto.

# emerge dhcpcd
# rc-update add dhcpcd default

26. Lori ipele yii o tun le fi sori ẹrọ daemon SSH, Logger System ati awọn irinṣẹ miiran ti o wulo.

# emerge virtual/ssh
# emerge syslog-ng
# emerge cronie
# emerge mlocate
# rc-update add sshd default
# rc-update add syslog-ng default
# rc-update add cronie default

27. Ti o ba fẹ ṣe awọn iṣẹ eto, keyboard ati awọn eto aago, ṣii ki o ṣatunkọ awọn faili atẹle gẹgẹbi awọn aini rẹ.

# nano -w /etc/rc.conf
# nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps
# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

28. Nigbamii pese ọrọ igbaniwọle to lagbara fun akọọlẹ gbongbo ati ṣafikun olumulo eto tuntun pẹlu awọn anfani root.

# passwd
# useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,lp,cdrom,portage,cron -s /bin/bash caezsar
# passwd caezsar
# emerge sudo

Ṣatunkọ /etc/sudoers faili ati ṣoki ẹgbẹ % bi ninu sikirinifoto ni isalẹ.

Igbesẹ 8: Fi sori ẹrọ Loader Boot System

29. Lati ṣe Gentoo bẹrẹ lẹhin atunbere fi GRUB2 Boot Loader sori disiki lile akọkọ rẹ ati ṣe ina faili iṣeto rẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣe awọn ofin wọnyi.

# emerge sys-boot/grub
# grub2-install /dev/sda
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Ti o ba fẹ lati ṣayẹwo faili iṣeto iṣeto Loot ṣii /boot/grub/grub.cfg faili ki o ṣayẹwo awọn akoonu akojọ aṣayan.

30. Lẹhin ti o ti fi nkan ti o kẹhin sọfitiwia ti o nilo lati bata eto naa, kuro ni fifi sori ẹrọ chrooted, yọọ gbogbo awọn ipin ti a gbe kalẹ, tun atunbere eto rẹ ki o si jade insitola media DVD rẹ.

# exit
# cd
# umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}
# umount -l /mnt/gentoo{/boot,/proc,}
# reboot

31. Lẹhin atunbere akojọ aṣayan GRUB yẹ ki o han loju iboju eto rẹ nbeere lati yan ọkan ninu awọn aṣayan fifa ekuro Gentoo meji rẹ.

32. Lẹhin ti awọn ẹrù eto buwolu wọle si agbegbe Gentoo nipa lilo akọọlẹ gbongbo, yọ stage3 - *. Tar.bz2 tarball kuro ki o ṣe atunṣe igi Portage .

# rm /stage3-*.tar.bz2
# emerge --sync

Oriire! Bayi o ti fi sori ẹrọ agbegbe Linux ti o kere ju Eto Linux sori ẹrọ ṣugbọn iṣeto eto ti jinna si ipari. Lori awọn atẹle awọn ikẹkọ Emi yoo fi ọ han bi o ṣe le fi olupin Xorg sori ẹrọ, Awọn awakọ Awọn alamuuṣẹ Graphics, Ayika Ojú-iṣẹ ati awọn ẹya miiran ati bii o ṣe le yi Gentoo pada si Ojú-iṣẹ Ojú-iṣẹ ti o lagbara tabi Syeed olupin ti o da lori fifi sori ẹrọ eto kekere yii.