Gba: Irinṣẹ Iboju Iṣẹ-Gbogbo-In-Ọkan Ilọsiwaju fun Lainos
Iṣẹ pataki julọ ti olutọju eto Linux ni lati rii daju pe eto ti oun/o nṣakoso wa ni ipo ti o dara pupọ. Ọpọlọpọ awọn irinṣẹ wa fun awọn admins eto Linux kan ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ lati ṣe atẹle ati awọn ilana ifihan ni eto bii htop, ṣugbọn ko si ọkan ninu awọn irinṣẹ wọnyi ti o le dije pẹlu ikojọpọ.
collectl jẹ iwulo ẹya ila-aṣẹ ọlọrọ ọlọrọ ti o le ṣee lo lati gba data ṣiṣe ti o ṣe apejuwe ipo eto lọwọlọwọ. Ko dabi pupọ julọ ti awọn irinṣẹ ibojuwo miiran, ikojọpọ ko ni idojukọ ni nọmba to lopin ti awọn iṣiro eto, dipo o le ṣajọ alaye lori ọpọlọpọ awọn oriṣi awọn orisun eto bii cpu, disiki, iranti, nẹtiwọọki, awọn ibọsẹ, tcp, inodes, infiniband, luster, iranti, nfs, awọn ilana, quadrics, slabs ati buddyinfo.
Ohun ti o dara pupọ nipa lilo ikojọpọ ni pe o tun le ṣe ipa ti awọn ohun elo ti a ṣe apẹrẹ pẹlu idi kan pato bii oke, ps, iotop ati ọpọlọpọ awọn omiiran. Kini diẹ ninu awọn ẹya ti o ṣe colleclt ohun elo to wulo?
Lẹhin ṣiṣe ọpọlọpọ iwadi Mo ti ṣajọ atokọ pẹlu diẹ ninu awọn ẹya pataki julọ ti iwulo laini aṣẹ ikojọpọ fun iwọ eniyan.
- O le ṣiṣẹ ni ibaraenisepo, bi daemon tabi awọn mejeeji.
- O le ṣe afihan iṣẹjade ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ọna kika.
- O ni agbara lati ṣe atẹle fere eyikeyi eto isomọ.
- O le mu ipa ti ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo miiran bii ps, oke, iotop, vmstat.
- O ni agbara lati gbasilẹ ati ṣiṣiṣẹsẹhin data ti o gba.
- O le gbe data jade ni awọn ọna kika faili pupọ. (eyi wulo pupọ nigbati o ba fẹ ṣe itupalẹ data pẹlu awọn irinṣẹ ita).
- O le ṣiṣẹ bi iṣẹ kan lati ṣe atẹle awọn ẹrọ latọna jijin tabi gbogbo iṣupọ olupin.
- O le ṣe afihan data ninu ebute, kọ si faili kan tabi iho kan.
Bii o ṣe le Fi ikojọpọ sinu Linux
IwUlO ikojọpọ n ṣiṣẹ lori gbogbo awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux, ohun kan ti o nilo lati ṣiṣe ni perl, nitorinaa rii daju pe o ti fi Perl sinu ẹrọ rẹ ṣaaju fifi ikojọpọ sinu ẹrọ rẹ.
A le lo aṣẹ atẹle lati fi sori ẹrọ iwulo ikojọpọ ni awọn ero orisun Debian bii Ubuntu.
$ sudo apt-get install collectl
Ti o ba nlo distro orisun Red Hat, o le ni rọọrun ja gba lati ibi ifipamọ pẹlu aṣẹ yum.
# yum install collectl
Diẹ ninu Awọn apẹẹrẹ Iṣe Ti IwUlO ikojọpọ
Lọgan ti fifi sori ẹrọ ti irinṣẹ ikojọpọ ti pari, o le ni rọọrun ṣiṣe lati ebute, paapaa laisi eyikeyi aṣayan. Aṣẹ wọnyi yoo han alaye lori cpu, disk ati awọn iṣiro nẹtiwọọki ni ọna kukuru pupọ ati kika kika eniyan.
# collectl waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 13 5 790 1322 0 0 92 7 4 13 0 5 10 2 719 1186 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 4 12 0 753 1188 0 0 52 3 2 5 0 6 13 2 733 1063 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 25 2 834 1375 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 28 2 870 1424 0 0 36 7 1 1 0 1 19 3 949 2271 0 0 44 3 1 1 0 1 17 2 809 1384 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 6 16 2 732 1348 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 22 4 993 1615 0 0 56 3 1 2 0 3
Bi ẹyin eniyan ti le rii lati inu iṣujade ti o wa loke ti o han ni iboju ebute, o rọrun pupọ lati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn iye iwọn wiwọn eto ti o wa ninu iṣafihan aṣẹ nitori pe o han loju laini kan.
Nigbati a ba ṣiṣẹ iwulo ikojọpọ laisi eyikeyi aṣayan o han alaye nipa awọn eto atẹle wọnyi:
- cpu
- awọn disiki
- nẹtiwọọki
Akiyesi: Ninu ọran wa, eto isomọ jẹ gbogbo iru awọn orisun eto ti o le wọn.
O tun le ṣe afihan awọn iṣiro fun gbogbo awọn eto ayafi awọn pẹlẹbẹ nipasẹ apapọ pipaṣẹ pẹlu aṣayan gbogbo bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# collectl --all waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw Cpu0 Cpu1 Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map Fragments KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut IP Tcp Udp Icmp Tcp Udp Raw Frag Handle Inodes Reads Writes Meta Comm 16 3 817 1542 430 390 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 11 1 745 1324 316 426 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 2 793 1683 371 424 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 16 2 872 1875 427 446 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 24 2 842 1383 473 368 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 168 6 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 27 3 844 1099 478 365 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 26 5 823 1238 396 428 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 2 11 3 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 1 753 1276 361 391 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
Ṣugbọn, bawo ni o ṣe ṣe atẹle lilo cpu pẹlu iranlọwọ ti iwulo? Aṣayan '-s' yẹ ki o lo si awọn idari eyiti o jẹ pe data gbigba eto lati gba tabi dun sẹhin.
Fun apẹẹrẹ a le lo aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣe atẹle akopọ ti lilo cpu.
# collectl -sc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw 15 2 749 1155 16 3 772 1445 14 2 793 1247 27 4 887 1292 24 1 796 1258 16 1 743 1113 15 1 743 1179 14 1 706 1078 15 1 764 1268
Kini yoo ṣẹlẹ nigbati o ba ṣopọ aṣẹ pẹlu “scdn“? Ọna ti o dara julọ lati kọ bi a ṣe le lo awọn irinṣẹ laini aṣẹ ni lati ṣe adaṣe bi o ti ṣee ṣe, nitorinaa ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle ni ebute rẹ ki o wo ohun ti yoo ṣẹlẹ.
# collectl -scdn waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 25 4 943 3333 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 27 3 825 2910 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 27 5 886 2531 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 4 872 2406 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 26 1 854 2091 0 0 20 2 1 1 0 1 39 4 1004 3398 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 6 41 6 955 2464 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 25 7 890 1609 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 16 2 814 1165 0 0 796 43 2 2 0 2 14 1 779 1383 0 0 48 6 1 1 0 1 11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14
O le ni oye ni rọọrun pe aṣayan aiyipada ni “cdn“, o duro fun cpu, awọn disiki ati data nẹtiwọọki. Abajade aṣẹ naa jẹ kanna pẹlu iṣujade ti “collectl -scn”
Ti o ba fẹ gba data nipa iranti, lo aṣẹ atẹle.
# collectl -sm waiting for 1 second sample... # #Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
Ijade ti o wa loke wulo pupọ nigbati o ba fẹ gba alaye alaye lori lilo iranti rẹ, iranti ọfẹ ati nkan pataki miiran fun iṣẹ eto rẹ.
Bawo ni nipa diẹ ninu data lori tcp? Lo aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣe.
# collectl -st
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
# IP Tcp Udp Icmp
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0Lẹhin ti o ti ni iriri diẹ ninu o le ni irọrun ṣapọ awọn aṣayan lati gba awọn abajade ti o fẹ. Fun apẹẹrẹ o le ṣopọ “t” fun tcp ati “c” fun cpu. Atẹle atẹle ṣe iyẹn.
# collectl -stc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw IP Tcp Udp Icmp 23 8 961 3136 0 0 0 0 24 5 916 3662 0 0 0 0 21 8 848 2408 0 0 0 0 30 10 916 2674 0 0 0 0 38 3 826 1752 0 0 0 0 31 3 820 1408 0 0 0 0 15 5 781 1335 0 0 0 0 17 3 802 1314 0 0 0 0 17 3 755 1218 0 0 0 0 14 2 788 1321 0 0 0 0
O ṣoro fun awa eniyan lati ranti gbogbo awọn aṣayan to wa nitorina Mo n firanṣẹ atokọ atokọ ti awọn eto-ẹrọ ti o ni atilẹyin nipasẹ ọpa.
- b - Alaye ọrẹ (ipin iranti)
- c - Sipiyu
- d - Disiki
- f - NFS V3 Data
- i - Inode ati Eto Faili
- j - Awọn Idilọwọ
- l - Olufẹ
- m - Iranti
- n - Awọn nẹtiwọọki
- s - Awọn ibọsẹ
- t - TCP
- x - Asopọmọra
- y - Awọn Slabs (awọn ibi ipamọ ohun nkan eto)
Nkan pataki ti data fun olutọju eto tabi olumulo Linux kan ni data ti a gba lori lilo disk. Atẹle atẹle yoo ran ọ lọwọ lati ṣe atẹle lilo disk.
# collectl -sd
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
#KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 92 7
0 0 0 0
0 0 36 3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 100 7
0 0 0 0
O tun le lo aṣayan “-sD” lati gba data lori awọn disiki kọọkan, ṣugbọn o ni lati mọ pe alaye lori awọn disiki lapapọ kii yoo ṣe ijabọ.
# collectl -sD waiting for 1 second sample... # DISK STATISTICS (/sec) # Pct #Name KBytes Merged IOs Size KBytes Merged IOs Size RWSize QLen Wait SvcTim Util sda 0 0 0 0 52 11 2 26 26 1 8 8 1 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 24 0 2 12 12 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 152 0 4 38 38 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 192 45 3 64 64 1 20 20 5 sda 0 0 0 0 204 0 2 102 102 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 116 26 3 39 38 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 32 5 3 11 10 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O tun le lo awọn eto isomọ miiran lati gba data alaye. Atẹle yii ni atokọ ti awọn eto isomọ alaye.
- C - Sipiyu
- D - Disiki
- E - data Ayika (àìpẹ, agbara, afẹfẹ afẹfẹ), nipasẹ ipmitool
- F - NFS Data
- J - Awọn Idilọwọ
- L - Luster OST apejuwe TABI alabara awọn faili eto eto
- N - Awọn nẹtiwọọki
- T - Awọn iwe-aṣẹ TCP 65 wa nikan ni ọna kika
- X - Asopọmọra
- Y - Awọn Slabs (awọn ibi ipamọ ohun nkan eto)
- Z - Awọn ilana
Ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣayan ti o wa ni iwulo ikojọpọ, ṣugbọn ko to akoko ati aye lati to gbogbo wọn ni nkan kan. Sibẹsibẹ o tọ lati sọ ati kọ bi a ṣe le lo iwulo bi oke ati ps.
O rọrun pupọ lati ṣe iṣẹ ikojọpọ bi iwulo oke, kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle ni ebute rẹ ati pe iwọ yoo wo iru iṣapẹẹrẹ ti ọpa oke fun ọ nigbati o ba ṣiṣẹ ninu eto Linux rẹ.
# collectl --top
# TOP PROCESSES sorted by time (counters are /sec) 13:11:02
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
^COuch!tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 0 0.01 0.14 15 28:48.24 0 0 0 109 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
3403 tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 1 0.00 0.20 20 28:48.44 0 0 0 600 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
5851 tecmint 20 4666 0 R 17M 13M 0 0.02 0.06 8 00:01.28 0 0 0 0 /usr/bin/perl
1682 root 20 1666 2 R 211M 55M 1 0.02 0.01 3 03:10.24 0 0 0 95 /usr/bin/X
3454 tecmint 20 3403 8 S 216M 45M 1 0.01 0.02 3 01:23.32 0 0 0 0 /usr/lib/firefox/plugin-container
4658 tecmint 20 4657 3 S 207M 17M 1 0.00 0.02 2 00:08.23 0 0 0 142 gnome-terminal
2890 tecmint 20 2571 3 S 340M 68M 0 0.00 0.01 1 01:19.95 0 0 0 0 compiz
3521 tecmint 20 1 24 S 710M 148M 1 0.01 0.00 1 01:47.84 0 0 0 0 skype
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 R 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.22 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpusetAti nisisiyi o kẹhin ṣugbọn kii kere ju, lati lo iwulo ikojọpọ bi ohun elo ps ṣe ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle ni ebute rẹ. Iwọ yoo gba alaye nipa awọn ilana inu eto rẹ ni ọna kanna bi o ti ṣe nigbati o ba n ṣiṣe aṣẹ “ps” ninu ebute rẹ.
# collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1
waiting for 1 second sample...
### RECORD 1 >>> tecmint-vgn-z13gn <<< (1397979716.001) (Sun Apr 20 13:11:56 2014) ###
# PROCESS SUMMARY (counters are /sec)
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.24 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset
18 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 khelper
19 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kdevtmpfs
20 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 netns
21 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 bdi-default
22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegritydMo ni idaniloju pupọ pe ọpọlọpọ awọn alakoso eto Linux yoo fẹran ọpa yii ati pe yoo ni irọrun agbara rẹ nigba lilo rẹ si kikun. Ti o ba fẹ lati ni ilosiwaju imọ rẹ nipa ikojọpọ si ipele ti n tẹle tọka si awọn oju-iwe ọwọ rẹ ki o tọju adaṣe.
Kan tẹ aṣẹ atẹle ni ebute rẹ ki o bẹrẹ kika.
# man collectl
Itọkasi Awọn ọna asopọ
gba Oju-iwe akọọkan