Awọn ibeere Ifọrọwanilẹnuro Apache 25 fun Awọn akobere ati Awọn agbedemeji

A dupẹ pupọ si Gbogbo awọn onkawe wa fun idahun ti a ngba fun apakan Lainos Lainos tuntun wa. Ati nisisiyi a ti bẹrẹ apakan ẹkọ ọlọgbọn fun awọn ibeere Ifọrọwanilẹnuwo ati tẹsiwaju pẹlu nkan kanna ti oni fojusi lori Awọn ibeere ibere ijomitoro Apache si agbedemeji Apache ti yoo ran ọ lọwọ lati mura ararẹ.

Ni apakan yii, a ti bo diẹ ninu awọn ibeere 25 Awọn ibeere Ifọrọwanilẹnu Iṣẹ Apache Job pẹlu awọn idahun wọn ki o le ni rọọrun ye diẹ ninu awọn ohun tuntun nipa Apache ti o le ma mọ tẹlẹ.

Ṣaaju ki o to ka nkan yii, A gba ọ niyanju ni iyanju lati maṣe gbiyanju lati ṣe iranti awọn idahun, nigbagbogbo kọkọ gbiyanju lati ni oye awọn oju iṣẹlẹ lori ipilẹ to wulo.

 rpm -qa | grep httpd

httpd-devel-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
 httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix)
Server built:   Aug 13 2013 17:27:11
 netstat -antp | grep http

tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd          
tcp        0      0 :::443                      :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd
 yum install httpd
 apt-get install apache2
 cd /etc/httpd/
 ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 24 21:44 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 25 02:09 conf.d
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   27 Oct 13 19:06 modules -> ../../usr/lib/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 run -> ../../var/run/httpd
 cd /etc/apache2
 ls -l
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7113 Jul 24 16:15 apache2.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:45 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1782 Jul 21 02:14 envvars
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31063 Jul 21 02:14 magic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 16 11:48 mods-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 mods-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   315 Jul 21 02:14 ports.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 sites-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec  6 00:04 sites-enabled

7. Njẹ Apache le ni aabo pẹlu awọn ohun elo TCP?

Ṣebi o ni ọpọlọpọ awọn IPs ti a sọtọ si ẹrọ Lainos rẹ ati fẹ Apache lati gba awọn ibeere HTTP lori ibudo Ethernet pataki kan tabi Ọlọpọọmídíà, paapaa iyẹn le ṣee ṣe pẹlu itọsọna Gbọ.

Lati yipada ibudo aiyipada Apache, jọwọ ṣii faili iṣeto akọkọ Apache rẹ httpd.conf tabi faili apache2.conf pẹlu olootu VI.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

 vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Wa ọrọ naa ”Gbọ”, ṣe asọye laini atilẹba ati kọ itọsọna tirẹ ni isalẹ laini naa.

# Listen 80
Listen 8080

OR

Listen 172.16.16.1:8080

Fipamọ faili ki o tun bẹrẹ olupin ayelujara.

 service httpd restart

 service apache2 restart

Lati lo itọsọna Alias, O jẹ apakan ti mod_alias module ti Apache. Itọkasi aiyipada ti itọsọna Alias ni:

Alias /images /var/data/images/

Nibi ni apẹẹrẹ ti o wa loke,/prefix url images si/prefix/var/data/awọn aworan ti o tumọ si pe awọn alabara yoo beere fun “http://www.example.com/images/sample-image.png” ati pe Apache yoo mu\faili "sample-image.png" lati /var/data/images/sample-image.png lori olupin. O tun mọ ni aworan agbaye URL.

Eto aiyipada ti DirectoryIndex ni .html index.html index.php, ti o ba ni awọn orukọ oriṣiriṣi ti faili akọkọ rẹ, o nilo lati ṣe awọn ayipada ni httpd.conf tabi apache2.conf fun iye DirectoryIndex lati ṣe afihan iyẹn si aṣàwákiri onibara rẹ.

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-
# negotiated documents.  The MultiViews Option can be used for the
# same purpose, but it is much slower.
#
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.cgi .exe

Lati da atokọ itọsọna Apache duro, o le ṣeto ofin atẹle ni faili iṣeto akọkọ ni agbaye tabi ni faili .htaccess fun oju opo wẹẹbu kan pato.

<Directory /var/www/html>
   Options -Indexes
</Directory>

O ni ominira lati ṣafikun ọpọlọpọ awọn itọnisọna ti o nilo fun agbegbe rẹ, ṣugbọn awọn titẹ sii ti o kere ju meji fun oju opo wẹẹbu ti n ṣiṣẹ ni ServerName ati DocumentRoot. Nigbagbogbo a maa n ṣalaye apakan Gbalejo Foju wa ni isalẹ ti faili httpd.conf ninu awọn ẹrọ Linux.

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin [email 
   DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com
   ServerName dummy-host.example.com
   ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
   CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

  1. ServerAdmin: O jẹ nigbagbogbo adirẹsi imeeli ti oluwa aaye ayelujara, nibiti a le fi aṣiṣe tabi iwifunni naa ranṣẹ.
  2. gbongbo Iwe-ipamọ: ipo nibiti awọn faili wẹẹbu wa ninu olupin naa (Pataki).
  3. Orukọ olupin: Awọn orukọ orukọ ìkápá rẹ ti o fẹ lati wọle si lati aṣawakiri wẹẹbu rẹ (Pataki).
  4. ErrorLog: Awọn oniwe-ni ipo ti faili log ibi ti gbogbo awọn àkọọlẹ ti o ni ibatan ašẹ ti wa ni gbigbasilẹ.

  1. ni a lo lati ṣeto eroja ti o ni ibatan si URL/ọpa adirẹsi ti olupin wẹẹbu naa.
  2. tọka pe ipo ti ohun elo eto faili lori olupin

Fun alaye diẹ sii, ka lori Bii o ṣe Ṣẹda Orukọ/IP ti o da Awọn alejo ti o foju ni Apache.

  1. Iyatọ ipilẹ laarin Osise ati MPM wa ninu ilana wọn ti fifa ilana ọmọ. Ninu MPM Prefork, ilana ilana httpd ti bẹrẹ ati ilana oluwa yii bẹrẹ n ṣakoso gbogbo awọn ilana ọmọde miiran lati ṣe awọn ibeere alabara. Nibayi, Ninu oṣiṣẹ MPM ilana httpd kan n ṣiṣẹ, ati pe o nlo awọn okun oriṣiriṣi lati ṣe iranṣẹ fun awọn ibeere alabara.
  2. MPP Prefork nlo awọn ilana ọmọde pupọ pẹlu okun kan ọkọọkan, nibiti MPM oṣiṣẹ nlo awọn ilana ọmọde pupọ pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn okun kọọkan.
  3. Isopọ asopọ ni MPP Prefork, ilana kọọkan n kapa asopọ kan ni akoko kan, lakoko ninu Osise mpm okun kọọkan mu asopọ kan ni akoko kan.
  4. Awọn itọpa iranti Memporọ MPM Awọn itọpa iranti nla, nibiti Oṣiṣẹ ti ni awọn itọpa iranti kekere.

Fun apẹẹrẹ: Mo fẹ lati fi awọn opin ti 100000 Bytes sinu folda/var/www/html/tecmin/awọn ikojọpọ. Nitorinaa, o nilo lati ṣafikun itọsọna atẹle ni faili iṣeto Apache.

<Directory "/var/www/html/tecmint/uploads">
LimitRequestBody 100000
</Directory>

  1. mod_perl jẹ modulu Apache eyiti o ṣajọ pẹlu Apache fun iṣọpọ irọrun ati lati mu iṣẹ awọn iwe afọwọkọ Perl pọ si.
  2. mod_php ni a lo fun iṣọkan irọrun ti awọn iwe afọwọkọ PHP nipasẹ olupin ayelujara, o fi olutumọ PHP sii inu ilana Apache. Awọn ipa rẹ ilana ọmọde Apache lati lo iranti diẹ sii ati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu Apache nikan ṣugbọn tun jẹ olokiki pupọ.

Fun alaye diẹ sii, ka nkan ti o ṣe itọsọna bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto mod_evasive ni Apache.

Nigbakugba ti awọn ibeere https ba de, awọn igbesẹ mẹta wọnyi Apache tẹle:

  1. Apache n ṣe bọtini ikọkọ rẹ o si yi bọtini ikọkọ pada si faili .CSR (Ibeere ibuwọlu ijẹrisi).
  2. Lẹhinna afun firanṣẹ faili .csr si CA (Alaṣẹ Iwe-ẹri).
  3. CA yoo gba faili .csr naa ki o yipada si .crt (ijẹrisi) ati pe yoo firanṣẹ faili naa .crt pada si Apache lati ni aabo ati pari ibeere asopọ asopọ https.

Iwọnyi jẹ olokiki julọ awọn ibeere 25 ti a beere lọwọ awọn ọjọ wọnyi nipasẹ Awọn oniroyin, jọwọ pese diẹ ninu awọn ibeere ifọrọwanilẹnuwo diẹ sii eyiti o ti dojuko ninu ijomitoro rẹ laipẹ ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn miiran nipasẹ apakan Ọrọìwòye wa ni isalẹ.

A tun ṣeduro fun ọ lati ka awọn nkan ti tẹlẹ wa lori Apache.

  1. 13 Aabo Olupin Oju opo wẹẹbu Apache ati Awọn imọran Ṣiṣe lile
  2. Bii a ṣe le Ṣepọ Awọn olupin wẹẹbu Afun Meji/Awọn oju opo wẹẹbu Lilo Rsync

Pẹlupẹlu, a ni igberaga lati kede pe ẹya Beta wa ti apakan Ibeere/Idahun ti TecMint Beere ti wa ni igbekale Tẹlẹ. Ti o ba ni awọn ibeere lori eyikeyi awọn akọle Linux. Jọwọ darapọ mọ wa ki o firanṣẹ awọn ibeere/ibeere rẹ ni https://linux-console.net/ask/.

Emi yoo wa pẹlu diẹ sii ibeere ibeere lori DNS, awọn olupin Meeli, PHP ati bẹbẹ lọ ninu awọn nkan wa iwaju, titi di igba naa Geeky ati sopọ si TecMint.com.