Apache Virtual Alejo: IP Ti o da ati Orukọ ti o da Orilẹ-ede Awọn ogun ni RHEL/CentOS/Fedora

Bii gbogbo wa ṣe mọ pe Apache jẹ agbara pupọ, rirọpo pupọ ati olupin Wẹẹbu atunto fun Nix OS. Nibi ni ẹkọ yii, a yoo jiroro ẹya diẹ sii ti Apache eyiti o fun laaye wa lati gbalejo aaye ayelujara ti o ju ọkan lọ lori ẹrọ Linux kan. Ṣiṣe imuṣe alejo gbigba foju pẹlu olupin ayelujara Apache le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣafipamọ awọn idiyele ti o nawo lori itọju olupin rẹ ati iṣakoso wọn.

Erongba ti Pipin gbigba wẹẹbu Pipin ati gbigbalejo wẹẹbu alatunta da lori apo yii ti Apache nikan.

Awọn oriṣi meji ti alejo gbigba foju wa pẹlu Apache.

Pẹlu alejo gbigba orisun orisun orukọ ti o le gbalejo ọpọlọpọ awọn ibugbe/awọn oju opo wẹẹbu lori ẹrọ kan pẹlu IP kan. Gbogbo awọn ibugbe lori olupin yẹn yoo pin IP kan. O rọrun lati tunto ju IP alejo gbigba ti o da lori orisun, iwọ nilo nikan lati tunto DNS ti ìkápá naa lati ya aworan rẹ pẹlu adiresi IP ti o pe ati lẹhinna tunto Apache lati ṣe idanimọ rẹ pẹlu awọn orukọ ìkápá naa.

Pẹlu IP ipilẹ alejo gbigba ti o da lori ipilẹ, o le fi IP lọtọ fun ibugbe kọọkan lori olupin kan, awọn IP wọnyi le ni asopọ si olupin pẹlu awọn kaadi NIC nikan ati bii NIC pupọ.

Jẹ ki o ṣeto Orilẹ-ede Wiwo ti Orisun ti o da lori IP ati orisun Alejo gbigba ni RHEL, CentOS ati Fedora.

OS - CentOS 6.5
Ohun elo - Olupin Wẹẹbu Apache
Adirẹsi IP - 192.168.0.100
Adirẹsi IP - 192.168.0.101
Aṣẹ - www.example1.com
Aṣẹ - www.example2.com

Bii o ṣe le Ṣeto IP IP ati Awọn Ile-iṣẹ Aṣoju Apache Orukọ ti o Da

Ṣaaju ki o to ṣeto alejo gbigba foju pẹlu Apache, eto rẹ gbọdọ ti fi sori ẹrọ sọfitiwia Wẹẹbu Apache. ti kii ba ṣe bẹ, fi sori ẹrọ ni lilo olupilẹṣẹ package aiyipada ti a pe ni yum.

 yum install httpd

Ṣugbọn, ṣaaju ṣiṣẹda alejo gbigba foju kan, o nilo lati ṣẹda itọsọna kan nibiti iwọ yoo tọju gbogbo awọn faili oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ. Nitorinaa, ṣẹda awọn ilana fun awọn ogun foju meji wọnyi labẹ/var/www/html folda. Jọwọ ranti/var/www/html yoo jẹ gbongbo Iwe-aiyipada aiyipada rẹ ni iṣeto foju foju Apache.

 mkdir /var/www/html/example1.com/
 mkdir /var/www/html/example2.com/

Lati ṣeto Orukọ ti o da lori alejo gbigba o gbọdọ nilo lati sọ fun Apache eyiti IP ti iwọ yoo lo lati gba awọn ibeere Apache fun gbogbo awọn oju opo wẹẹbu tabi awọn orukọ ìkápá. A le ṣe eyi pẹlu itọsọna NameVirtualHost. Ṣii faili iṣeto akọkọ ti Apache pẹlu olootu VI.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Wa NameVirtualHost ati laini ila yii nipa yiyọ ami # iwaju rẹ.

NameVirtualHost

Nigbamii fi IP sii pẹlu eyiti o ṣee ṣe ninu eyiti o fẹ gba awọn ibeere Apache. Lẹhin awọn ayipada, faili rẹ yẹ ki o dabi eleyi:

NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80

Nisisiyi, o to akoko lati ṣeto awọn abala ile-iṣẹ foju fun awọn ibugbe rẹ, gbe si isalẹ faili naa nipa titẹ Shift + G. Nibi ni apẹẹrẹ yii, A n ṣeto awọn abala ile-iṣẹ foju fun awọn ibugbe meji

www.example1.com
www.example2.com

Ṣafikun awọn itọsọna foju meji wọnyi ni isalẹ faili naa. Fipamọ ki o pa faili naa.

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example1.com
    ServerName www.example1.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example1.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.example1.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example2.com
    ServerName www.example2.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example2.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.example2.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

O ni ominira lati ṣafikun ọpọlọpọ awọn itọsọna ti o fẹ lati ṣafikun ninu awọn ibugbe ibugbe foju ibugbe rẹ. Nigbati o ba pari pẹlu awọn ayipada ninu faili httpd.conf, jọwọ ṣayẹwo isopọmọ ti awọn faili pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.

 httpd -t

Syntax OK

A gba ọ niyanju lati ṣayẹwo sintasi ti faili lẹhin ṣiṣe awọn ayipada diẹ ati ṣaaju tun bẹrẹ olupin Wẹẹbu nitori ti eyikeyi iṣọnṣe ba lọ aṣiṣe Apache yoo kọ lati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn aṣiṣe diẹ ati nikẹhin yoo ni ipa lori olupin ayelujara ti o wa tẹlẹ sọkalẹ fun igba diẹ. Ti sintasi ba dara. Jọwọ tun bẹrẹ olupin Wẹẹbu rẹ ki o ṣafikun rẹ si chkconfig lati jẹ ki olupin wẹẹbu rẹ bẹrẹ ni runlevel 3 ati 5 ni akoko bata nikan.

 service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

 chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

Bayi o to akoko lati ṣẹda oju-iwe idanwo kan ti a pe ni index.html ṣafikun diẹ ninu akoonu si faili nitorina a yoo ni nkan lati ṣayẹwo rẹ, nigbati IP ba pe olugbalejo foju.

 vi /var/www/html/example1.com/index.html

<html>
  <head>
    <title>www.example1.com</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, Welcome to www.example1.com.</h1>
  </body>
</html>

 vi /var/www/html/example2.com/index.html

<html>
  <head>
    <title>www.example2.com</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, Welcome to www.example2.com.</h1>
  </body>
</html>

Lọgan ti o ba ti pari pẹlu rẹ, o le idanwo iṣeto nipa iraye si awọn ibugbe mejeeji ni ẹrọ lilọ kiri ayelujara kan.

http://www.example1.com
http://www.example2.com

Lati ṣeto IP ti o da lori gbigbalejo foju, o gbọdọ ni ju IP adiresi kan lọ/Ibudo ti a fi si olupin rẹ tabi ẹrọ Linux rẹ.

O le wa lori kaadi NIC kan, Fun apẹẹrẹ: eth0: 1, eth0: 2, eth0: 3… bẹ siwaju. Ọpọlọpọ awọn kaadi NIC tun le sopọ. Ti o ko ba mọ bi o ṣe ṣẹda IP pupọ lori NIC nikan, tẹle itọsọna isalẹ, eyi yoo ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati jade ni ṣiṣẹda.

Ṣẹda Awọn adirẹsi IP lọpọlọpọ si Ọlọpọọmídíà Nẹtiwọọki Kan

Idi ti imuse imularada foju orisun IP ni lati fi ipinfunni ṣiṣẹ fun agbegbe kọọkan ati pe IP pato kii yoo lo nipasẹ eyikeyi agbegbe miiran.

Iru iru eto ti o nilo nigbati oju opo wẹẹbu kan nṣiṣẹ pẹlu ijẹrisi SSL (mod_ssl) tabi lori awọn ibudo oriṣiriṣi ati awọn IP. Ati pe O tun le ṣiṣe awọn iṣẹlẹ pupọ ti Apache lori ẹrọ kan. Lati ṣayẹwo awọn IP ti o wa ninu olupin rẹ, jọwọ ṣayẹwo rẹ nipa lilo pipaṣẹ ifconfig.

[email  ~]# ifconfig

 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:4C:EB:CE  
          inet addr:192.168.0.100  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:ebce/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:17550 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:15120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:16565983 (15.7 MiB)  TX bytes:2409604 (2.2 MiB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:4C:EB:CE  
          inet addr:192.168.0.101  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1775 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1775 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:3416104 (3.2 MiB)  TX bytes:3416104 (3.2 MiB)

Bi o ṣe le rii ninu iṣelọpọ loke, awọn IPs 192.168.0.100 (eth0) ati 192.168.0.101 (eth0: 1) meji ni a sopọ mọ olupin naa, awọn IP mejeeji ni a pin si ẹrọ nẹtiwọọki ti ara kanna (eth0).

Bayi, fi IP/Port kan pato ranṣẹ lati gba awọn ibeere http, o le ṣe ni irọrun nipa yiyipada itọsọna Gbọ ni faili httpd.conf.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Wa fun ọrọ\"Gbọ", O wa apakan kan nibiti a ti kọ apejuwe kukuru nipa itọsọna Gbọ. Ni apakan yẹn, ṣe asọye laini atilẹba ki o kọ itọsọna tirẹ ni isalẹ laini naa.

# Listen 80

Listen 192.168.0.100:80

Bayi, ṣẹda Awọn abala ile-iṣẹ foju kan fun awọn ibugbe mejeeji. Lọ isalẹ faili naa ki o ṣafikun awọn itọsọna foju wọnyi.

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example1
    ServerName www.example1.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example1.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/www.example1.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.101:80>
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example2
    ServerName www.example2.com
ErrorLog logs/www.example2.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/www.example2.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

Bayi, niwon o ti ṣe atunṣe faili akọkọ Apache conf, o nilo lati tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ http bii isalẹ.

 service httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Idanwo ipilẹ IP alejo gbigba Oju-aye rẹ nipa iraye si awọn URL lori ẹrọ lilọ kiri lori ayelujara bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.

http://www.example1.com
http://www.example2.com

Iyẹn ni gbogbo pẹlu olusẹ foju foju Apache loni, Ti o ba n wa lati ni aabo ati mu iṣeto Apache rẹ le, lẹhinna ka nkan wa ti o ṣe itọsọna.

13 Aabo Olupin Oju opo wẹẹbu Apache ati Awọn imọran Ṣiṣe lile

Itọkasi Awọn ọna asopọ

Iwe-aṣẹ Gbalejo foju Apache

Emi yoo tun wa pẹlu awọn imọran Afun miiran ati ẹtan ninu awọn nkan iwaju mi, titi di igba naa Duro Geeky ati sopọ si linux-console.net. Maṣe gbagbe lati fi awọn imọran rẹ silẹ nipa nkan ninu apakan asọye wa ni isalẹ.