10 Awọn oniṣẹ Ṣiṣẹda Ṣiṣẹ wulo ni Lainos pẹlu Awọn Apeere Iṣe
Chaining ti awọn aṣẹ Linux tumọ si, apapọ awọn ofin pupọ ati jẹ ki wọn ṣiṣẹ da lori ihuwasi ti oniṣẹ ti o lo laarin wọn. Chaining awọn aṣẹ ni Linux, jẹ nkan bi o ṣe nkọ awọn iwe afọwọkọ ikarahun kukuru ni ikarahun funrararẹ, ati ṣiṣe wọn lati ọdọ ebute taara. Chaining jẹ ki o ṣee ṣe lati ṣe adaṣe ilana naa. Pẹlupẹlu, ẹrọ ti ko ni abojuto le ṣiṣẹ ni ọna eto pupọ pẹlu iranlọwọ ti awọn oniṣẹ chaining.
Nkan yii ni ifọkansi ni didan ina sori awọn oniṣẹ chaining pipaṣẹ nigbagbogbo ti a lo, pẹlu awọn apejuwe kukuru ati awọn apẹẹrẹ ti o baamu eyiti yoo dajudaju mu alekun iṣelọpọ rẹ pọ si ati jẹ ki o kọ awọn koodu kukuru ati ti o nilari lẹgbẹ idinku eto, ni awọn akoko.
1. Oniṣẹ Ampersand (&)
Iṣe ti '&' ni lati jẹ ki aṣẹ ṣiṣẹ ni abẹlẹ. Kan tẹ aṣẹ ti o tẹle pẹlu aaye funfun kan ati ‘&‘. O le ṣiṣẹ pipaṣẹ ju ọkan lọ ni abẹlẹ, ni lilọ kan.
Ṣiṣe aṣẹ kan ni abẹlẹ:
[email :~$ ping c5 linux-console.net &
Ṣiṣe aṣẹ meji ni abẹlẹ, nigbakanna:
[email :/home/tecmint# apt-get update & apt-get upgrade &
2. Oniṣẹ-ologbegbe (;)
Oniṣẹ ologbegbe jẹ ki o ṣee ṣe lati ṣiṣe, ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣẹ ni lọ kan ati ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ waye ni atẹle.
[email :/home/tecmint# apt-get update ; apt-get upgrade ; mkdir test
Apapo aṣẹ aṣẹ loke yoo kọkọ ṣe ilana imudojuiwọn, lẹhinna itọnisọna igbesoke ati nikẹhin yoo ṣẹda ‘idanwo’ ilana labẹ itọsọna iṣẹ lọwọlọwọ.
3. ATI Oniṣẹ (&&)
Oluṣakoso ATI (&&) yoo ṣe pipaṣẹ keji nikan, ti ipaniyan ti aṣẹ akọkọ SUCCEEDS, ie, ipo ijade ti aṣẹ akọkọ jẹ 0. Aṣẹ yii wulo pupọ ni ṣayẹwo ipo ipaniyan ti aṣẹ to kẹhin.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, Mo fẹ lati ṣabẹwo si oju opo wẹẹbu linux-console.net nipa lilo pipaṣẹ awọn ọna asopọ, ni ebute ṣugbọn ṣaaju pe Mo nilo lati ṣayẹwo boya olugbalejo naa wa laaye tabi rara.
[email :/home/tecmint# ping -c3 linux-console.net && links linux-console.net
4. TABI Oṣiṣẹ (||)
Oṣiṣẹ TABI (||) jẹ pupọ bii alaye ‘miiran’ ninu siseto. Oniṣẹ ti o wa loke gba ọ laaye lati ṣe pipaṣẹ keji nikan ti ipaniyan ti aṣẹ akọkọ ba kuna, ie, ipo ijade ti aṣẹ akọkọ ni ‘1’.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, Mo fẹ lati ṣe ‘apt-gba imudojuiwọn’ lati akọọlẹ ti kii ṣe gbongbo ati ti aṣẹ akọkọ ba kuna, lẹhinna ‘awọn ọna asopọ linux-console.net’ aṣẹ keji yoo ṣiṣẹ.
[email :~$ apt-get update || links linux-console.net
Ninu aṣẹ ti o wa loke, niwọn igbati a ko gba olumulo laaye lati ṣe imudojuiwọn eto, o tumọ si pe ipo ijade ti aṣẹ akọkọ ni ‘1’ ati nitorinaa aṣẹ to kẹhin ‘awọn ọna asopọ linux-console.net‘ ni a ṣiṣẹ.
Kini ti aṣẹ akọkọ ba pa ni aṣeyọri, pẹlu ipo ijade '0'? O han ni! Aṣẹ keji kii yoo ṣiṣẹ.
[email :~$ mkdir test || links linux-console.net
Nibi, olumulo lo ṣẹda folda kan 'idanwo' ninu itọsọna ile rẹ, fun eyiti a gba olumulo laaye. Aṣẹ ti o ṣẹ ni aṣeyọri fifun ipo ijade ‘0‘ ati nitorinaa apakan ikẹhin ti aṣẹ naa ko ṣe.
5. KO Oniṣẹ (!)
Oniṣẹ KO (!) Dabi pupọ ‘ayafi‘ alaye. Aṣẹ yii yoo ṣiṣẹ gbogbo ayafi ipo ti a pese. Lati loye eyi, ṣẹda itọsọna kan 'tecmint' ninu itọsọna ile rẹ ati 'cd' si rẹ.
[email :~$ mkdir tecmint [email host:~$ cd tecmint
Nigbamii, ṣẹda awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn faili ni folda 'tecmint'.
[email :~/tecmint$ touch a.doc b.doc a.pdf b.pdf a.xml b.xml a.html b.html
Wo a ti ṣẹda gbogbo awọn faili tuntun laarin folda 'tecmint'.
[email :~/tecmint$ ls a.doc a.html a.pdf a.xml b.doc b.html b.pdf b.xml
Bayi paarẹ gbogbo awọn faili ayafi ‘faili html’ ni ẹẹkan, ni ọna ti o gbọn.
[email :~/tecmint$ rm -r !(*.html)
Kan lati mọ daju, ipaniyan to kẹhin. Ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn faili to wa nipa lilo pipaṣẹ ls.
[email :~/tecmint$ ls a.html b.html
6. ATI - TABI onišẹ (&& - ||)
Oniṣẹ ti o wa loke gaan jẹ apapọ ‘AND’ ati ‘TABI Oṣiṣẹ. O dabi pupọ bii ‘ti o ba jẹ pe‘ alaye miiran.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, jẹ ki a ṣe ping si linux-console.net, ti aṣeyọri ba tun rii daju 'Verified' miiran iwoyi 'Gbalejo isalẹ'.
[email :~/tecmint$ ping -c3 linux-console.net && echo "Verified" || echo "Host Down"
PING linux-console.net (212.71.234.61) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=216 ms 64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=224 ms 64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=226 ms --- linux-console.net ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 216.960/222.789/226.423/4.199 ms Verified
Bayi, ge asopọ asopọ intanẹẹti rẹ, ki o tun gbiyanju aṣẹ kanna lẹẹkansii.
[email :~/tecmint$ ping -c3 linux-console.net && echo "verified" || echo "Host Down"
ping: unknown host linux-console.net Host Down
7. Oniṣẹ PIPE (|)
Oniṣẹ PIPE yii wulo pupọ nibiti iṣuṣẹ aṣẹ akọkọ ṣe bi titẹsi si aṣẹ keji. Fun apẹẹrẹ, opo gigun ti o wu ti 'ls -l' si 'kere si' ki o wo abajade aṣẹ naa.
[email :~$ ls -l | less
8. Oniṣẹ Apapo Aṣẹ {}
Darapọ awọn ofin meji tabi diẹ sii, aṣẹ keji da lori ipaniyan ti aṣẹ akọkọ.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, ṣayẹwo boya liana ‘bin’ wa tabi ko si, ati ṣiṣejade iṣuuṣe ti o baamu.
[email :~$ [ -d bin ] || { echo Directory does not exist, creating directory now.; mkdir bin; } && echo Directory exists.
9. Oniṣẹ iṣaaju()
Oniṣẹ n jẹ ki o ṣee ṣe lati ṣe pipaṣẹ ni aṣẹ iṣaaju.
Command_x1 &&Command_x2 || Command_x3 && Command_x4.
Ninu aṣẹ afarape ti o wa loke, kini ti Command_x1 kuna? Bẹni ti Command_x2, Command_x3, Command_x4 yoo ṣe pipa, fun eyi a lo Oniṣẹ Iṣaaju, bii:
(Command_x1 &&Command_x2) || (Command_x3 && Command_x4)
Ninu aṣẹ afarape ti o wa loke, ti Command_x1 ba kuna, Command_x2 tun kuna ṣugbọn Ṣi Command_x3 ati pipaṣẹ Command_x4 da lori ipo ijade ti Command_x3.
10. Oniṣẹ Concatenation (\)
Oniṣẹ Concatenation (\) bi orukọ ṣe ṣalaye, ni a lo lati ṣe apejọ awọn ofin nla lori awọn ila pupọ ninu ikarahun naa. Fun apẹẹrẹ, Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo ṣii idanwo faili ọrọ (1) .txt.
[email :~/Downloads$ nano test\(1\).txt
Iyẹn ni gbogbo fun bayi. Mo n bọ pẹlu nkan miiran ti o nifẹ laipẹ. Titi lẹhinna Duro ni aifwy, ilera ati asopọ si Tecmint. Maṣe gbagbe lati fun esi rẹ Niye ni apakan asọye wa.