Ṣiṣawari/gbejade Eto Faili ni Lainos

Loni, a yoo wo inu iwe itọsọna/proc ki o dagbasoke ibaramu pẹlu rẹ. Ilana/proc wa lori gbogbo awọn eto Linux, laibikita adun tabi faaji.

Iro kan ti o yẹ ki a yọ lẹsẹkẹsẹ ni pe itọsọna/proc ko jẹ Kokoro Faili gidi kan, ni ori ti ọrọ naa. O jẹ Ẹrọ Faili Foju. Ti o wa laarin awọn igbimọ ni alaye nipa awọn ilana ati alaye eto miiran. O ti ya aworan si/proc ati gbe ni akoko bata.

Ni akọkọ, jẹ ki a wọle sinu ilana/proc ati ki o wo ni ayika:

# cd /proc

Ohun akọkọ ti iwọ yoo ṣe akiyesi ni pe diẹ ninu awọn faili ohun afetigbọ wa, ati lẹhinna gbogbo opo awọn ilana atokọ. Awọn ilana atokọ n ṣe aṣoju awọn ilana, ti a mọ daradara bi PIDs, ati laarin wọn, aṣẹ ti o gba wọn. Awọn faili naa ni alaye eto gẹgẹbi iranti (meminfo), alaye Sipiyu (cpuinfo), ati awọn eto faili ti o wa.

Ka Tun: Aṣẹ ọfẹ Lainos lati Ṣayẹwo Memory ti ara ati Iranti Swap

Jẹ ki a wo ọkan ninu awọn faili akọkọ:

# cat /proc/meminfo

eyiti o pada nkan ti o jọra si eyi:

MemTotal:         604340 kB
MemFree:           54240 kB
Buffers:           18700 kB
Cached:           369020 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           312556 kB
Inactive:         164856 kB
Active(anon):      89744 kB
Inactive(anon):      360 kB
Active(file):     222812 kB
Inactive(file):   164496 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:                 0 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:         89724 kB
Mapped:            18012 kB
Shmem:               412 kB
Slab:              50104 kB
SReclaimable:      40224 kB
...

Bi o ti le rii,/proc/meminfo ni opo alaye nipa iranti eto rẹ, pẹlu iye apapọ ti o wa (ni kb) ati iye ọfẹ lori awọn ila meji to ga julọ.

Ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ ologbo lori eyikeyi awọn faili inu/proc yoo mu awọn akoonu wọn jade. Alaye nipa eyikeyi awọn faili wa ni oju-iwe eniyan nipa ṣiṣe:

# man 5 /proc/<filename>

Emi yoo fun ọ ni iyara sọkalẹ lori awọn faili/proc:

  1. /proc/cmdline - Ekuro alaye laini aṣẹ Kernel.
  2. /proc/console - Alaye nipa awọn afaworanhan lọwọlọwọ pẹlu tty.
  3. /proc/awọn ẹrọ - Awọn awakọ ẹrọ ti tunto lọwọlọwọ fun ekuro ti nṣiṣẹ.
  4. /proc/dma - Alaye nipa awọn ikanni DMA lọwọlọwọ.
  5. /proc/fb - Awọn ẹrọ Framebuffer.
  6. /proc/filesystems - Awọn ọna ṣiṣe faili lọwọlọwọ ti o ni atilẹyin nipasẹ ekuro.
  7. /proc/iomem - Maapu iranti eto lọwọlọwọ fun awọn ẹrọ.
  8. /proc/ioports - Awọn ẹkun ibudo ti a forukọsilẹ fun ibaraẹnisọrọ iwọle titẹ sii pẹlu ẹrọ.
  9. /proc/loadavg - Iwọn fifuye eto.
  10. /proc/awọn titiipa - Awọn faili ni titiipa lọwọlọwọ nipasẹ ekuro.
  11. /proc/meminfo - Alaye nipa iranti eto (wo apẹẹrẹ loke).
  12. /proc/misc - Awọn awakọ oriṣiriṣi ti forukọsilẹ fun ẹrọ pataki oriṣiriṣi.
  13. /proc/modulu - Lọwọlọwọ awọn modulu ekuro ti kojọpọ.
  14. /proc/gbeko - Akojọ ti gbogbo awọn gbigbe ni lilo nipasẹ eto.
  15. /proc/awọn ipin - Alaye alaye nipa awọn ipin ti o wa si eto naa.
  16. /proc/pci - Alaye nipa gbogbo ẹrọ PCI.
  17. /proc/stat - Igbasilẹ tabi ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣiro ti o tọju lati atunbere kẹhin.
  18. /proc/swap - Alaye nipa aye swap.
  19. /proc/uptime - Alaye Akoko (ni iṣẹju-aaya).
  20. /proc/version - Ẹya ekuro, ẹya gcc, ati fifi sori ẹrọ pinpin Linux.

Laarin/ilana awọn nọmba ti o ka iwọ yoo wa awọn faili diẹ ati awọn ọna asopọ. Ranti pe awọn nọmba awọn ilana yii ṣe atunṣe si PID ti aṣẹ ti n ṣiṣẹ laarin wọn. Jẹ ki a lo apẹẹrẹ kan. Lori eto mi, orukọ folda wa/proc/12:

# cd /proc/12
# ls
attr        coredump_filter  io         mounts      oom_score_adj  smaps    wchan
autogroup   cpuset           latency    mountstats  pagemap        stack
auxv        cwd              limits     net         personality    stat
cgroup      environ          loginuid   ns          root           statm
clear_refs  exe              maps       numa_maps   sched          status
cmdline     fd               mem        oom_adj     schedstat      syscall
comm        fdinfo           mountinfo  oom_score   sessionid      task

Ti Mo ba ṣiṣe:

# cat /proc/12/status

Mo gba awọn atẹle:

Name:	xenwatch
State:	S (sleeping)
Tgid:	12
Pid:	12
PPid:	2
TracerPid:	0
Uid:	0	0	0	0
Gid:	0	0	0	0
FDSize:	64
Groups:
Threads:	1
SigQ:	1/4592
SigPnd:	0000000000000000
ShdPnd:	0000000000000000
SigBlk:	0000000000000000
SigIgn:	ffffffffffffffff
SigCgt:	0000000000000000
CapInh:	0000000000000000
CapPrm:	ffffffffffffffff
CapEff:	ffffffffffffffff
CapBnd:	ffffffffffffffff
Cpus_allowed:	1
Cpus_allowed_list:	0
Mems_allowed:	00000000,00000001
Mems_allowed_list:	0
voluntary_ctxt_switches:	84
nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches:	0

Nitorina, kini eyi tumọ si? O dara, apakan pataki wa ni oke. A le rii lati faili ipo pe ilana yii jẹ ti xenwatch. Ipo lọwọlọwọ rẹ n sun, ati ID ilana rẹ jẹ 12, o han ni. A tun le rii tani n ṣiṣẹ eleyi, bi UID ati GID jẹ 0, n tọka pe ilana yii jẹ ti olumulo gbongbo.

Ni eyikeyi itọsọna ti o ni nọmba, iwọ yoo ni iru faili iru. Awọn pataki julọ, ati awọn apejuwe wọn, ni atẹle:

  1. cmdline - laini aṣẹ ti ilana
  2. ayika - awọn oniyipada ayika
  3. fd - awọn apejuwe awọn faili
  4. awọn aala - ni alaye nipa awọn opin ti ilana naa
  5. gbeko - alaye ti o jọmọ

Iwọ yoo tun ṣe akiyesi nọmba awọn ọna asopọ ninu itọsọna nomba:

  1. cwd - ọna asopọ kan si itọsọna iṣẹ lọwọlọwọ ti ilana
  2. exe - ọna asopọ si ipaniyan ti ilana
  3. gbongbo - ọna asopọ si itọsọna iṣẹ ti ilana

Eyi yẹ ki o bẹrẹ pẹlu faramọ ararẹ pẹlu itọsọna/proc. O yẹ ki o tun pese oye si bi ọpọlọpọ awọn ofin ṣe gba alaye wọn, gẹgẹ bi akoko asiko, lsof, oke, ati ps, lati darukọ diẹ diẹ.