11 Awọn Aṣẹ Lainos Wulo Ti A Mọ Kere
Laini aṣẹ laini Linux ṣe ifamọra pupọ julọ ti Olukọni Linux. Olumulo Linux deede ni gbogbo ọrọ kan ti awọn ofin 50-60 aijọju lati ṣe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe wọn lojoojumọ. Awọn aṣẹ Linux ati awọn iyipada wọn ṣi jẹ iṣura ti o niyelori julọ fun olumulo Linux-kan, olukọ-iwe-iwe Shell ati Alakoso. Diẹ ninu Awọn ofin Linux wa ti o jẹ Ti o mọ Kere, sibẹsibẹ o wulo pupọ ati ọwọ laibikita o daju boya o jẹ Alakobere tabi Olumulo Onitẹsiwaju.
Nkan yii ni ifọkansi ni didan ina si diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ Lainos ti a ko mọ eyiti o daju pe yoo ran ọ lọwọ lati mu Ojú-iṣẹ/Server rẹ daradara siwaju sii.
1. sudo !! pipaṣẹ
Ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ laisi ṣafihan aṣẹ sudo yoo fun ọ ni igbanilaaye ti a sẹ aṣiṣe. Nitorinaa, o ko nilo lati tun kọ gbogbo aṣẹ lẹẹkansii kan fi ‘!!’ yoo gba aṣẹ to kẹhin.
$ apt-get update E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (13: Permission denied) E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/ E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied) E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?
$ sudo !! sudo apt-get update [sudo] password for server: … .. Fetched 474 kB in 16s (28.0 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done [email :~$
2. aṣẹ Python
Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ n ṣe oju-iwe wẹẹbu ti o rọrun lori HTTP fun igi ilana ilana ati pe o le wọle si ibudo 8000 ni aṣawakiri titi ti firanṣẹ ifihan agbara idilọwọ.
# python -m SimpleHTTPServer
3. mtr Commandfin
Pupọ wa ni a mọ pẹlu ping ati traceroute. Bawo ni nipa apapọ iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti aṣẹ mejeeji sinu ọkan pẹlu aṣẹ mtr. Ni ọran ti a ko fi mtr sinu ẹrọ rẹ, yẹ tabi yum package ti a beere.
$ sudo apt-get install mtr (On Debian based Systems)
# yum install mtr (On Red Hat based Systems)
Bayi ṣiṣe aṣẹ mtr lati bẹrẹ iwadii asopọ nẹtiwọọki laarin olugbala mtr n ṣiṣẹ lori ati google.com.
# mtr google.com
4. Konturolu + x + e .fin
Aṣẹ yii wulo pupọ fun alakoso ati awọn oludasile. Lati Ṣiṣẹ-ṣiṣe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe lojoojumọ oludari kan nilo lati ṣii olootu nipasẹ titẹ vi, vim, nano, ati bẹbẹ lọ Bii o ṣe le yinbọn olootu lẹsẹkẹsẹ (lati ebute).
Kan Tẹ “Ctrl-x-e” lati tọ ebute naa ki o bẹrẹ ṣiṣẹ ni olootu.
5. nl .fin
Nọmba “pipaṣẹ nl” awọn ila ti faili kan. Nọmba awọn ila ti faili kan sọ 'one.txt' pẹlu awọn ila sọ (Fedora, Debian, Arch, Slack and Suse). Akọkọ ṣe atokọ akoonu ti faili kan “one.txt” ni lilo aṣẹ ologbo.
# cat one.txt fedora debian arch slack suse
Bayi ṣiṣe “nl pipaṣẹ” lati ṣe atokọ wọn ni aṣa kika.
# nl one.txt 1 fedora 2 debian 3 arch 4 slack 5 suse
6. shuf Commandfin
Aṣẹ “shuf” yan laini/faili/folda laileto lati faili/folda kan. Akọkọ ṣe atokọ awọn akoonu ti folda kan nipa lilo pipaṣẹ ls.
# ls Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
# ls | shuf (shuffle Input) Music Documents Templates Pictures Public Desktop Downloads Videos
# ls | shuf -n1 (pick on random selection) Public
# ls | shuf -n1 Videos
# ls | shuf -n1 Templates
# ls | shuf -n1 Downloads
Akiyesi: O le rọpo nigbagbogbo 'n1' pẹlu 'n2' lati mu yiyan laileto meji tabi nọmba miiran ti yiyan laileto nipa lilo n3, n4.…
7. ss Commandfin
Awọn "ss" duro fun awọn iṣiro iho. Aṣẹ naa ṣe iwadii iho ati fihan alaye ti o jọmọ aṣẹ netstat. O le ṣe afihan TCP diẹ sii ati awọn iwifun ipinle ju awọn irinṣẹ miiran.
# ss State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.198:41250 *.*.*.*:http CLOSE-WAIT 1 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:41393 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.198:36239 *.*.*.*:http ESTAB 310 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:41384 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.198:41002 *.*.*.*:http ESTAB 0 0 127.0.0.1:41384 127.0.0.1:8000
8. kẹhin .fin
Aṣẹ “kẹhin” fihan itan ti ibuwolu wọle kẹhin ninu awọn olumulo. Aṣẹ yii wa nipasẹ faili “/ var/log/wtmp” o si fihan atokọ kan ti awọn ibuwolu wọle ati awọn olumulo ti o jade pẹlu tty’s.
# last server pts/0 :0 Tue Oct 22 12:03 still logged in server tty8 :0 Tue Oct 22 12:02 still logged in … ... (unknown tty8 :0 Tue Oct 22 12:02 - 12:02 (00:00) server pts/0 :0 Tue Oct 22 10:33 - 12:02 (01:29) server tty7 :0 Tue Oct 22 10:05 - 12:02 (01:56) (unknown tty7 :0 Tue Oct 22 10:04 - 10:05 (00:00) reboot system boot 3.2.0-4-686-pae Tue Oct 22 10:04 - 12:44 (02:39) wtmp begins Fri Oct 4 14:43:17 2007
9. ọmọ ifconfig.me
Nitorinaa bawo ni o ṣe gba adiresi IP Ita rẹ? Lilo google ?. Daradara aṣẹ ṣe agbejade adirẹsi IP ita rẹ ni ọtun sinu ebute rẹ.
# curl ifconfig.me
Akiyesi: O le ma ṣe fi sori ẹrọ package curl, o ni lati apt/yum lati fi package sii.
10. pipaṣẹ igi
Gba ilana itọsọna lọwọlọwọ ninu igi bi ọna kika.
# tree
. |-- Desktop |-- Documents | `-- 37.odt |-- Downloads | |-- attachments.zip | |-- ttf-indic-fonts_0.5.11_all.deb | |-- ttf-indic-fonts_1.1_all.deb | `-- wheezy-nv-install.sh |-- Music |-- Pictures | |-- Screenshot from 2013-10-22 12:03:49.png | `-- Screenshot from 2013-10-22 12:12:38.png |-- Public |-- Templates `-- Videos 10 directories, 23 files
11. pstree
Awọn aṣẹ yii fihan gbogbo awọn ilana ṣiṣe lọwọlọwọ lọwọlọwọ pẹlu ilana ọmọ ti o ni nkan, ninu igi bi ọna kika ti o jọra si ‘pipaṣẹ igi pipaṣẹ.
# pstree
init─┬─NetworkManager───{NetworkManager}
├─accounts-daemon───{accounts-daemon}
├─acpi_fakekeyd
├─acpid
├─apache2───10*[apache2]
├─at-spi-bus-laun───2*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
├─atd
├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon
├─bluetoothd
├─colord───{colord}
├─colord-sane───2*[{colord-sane}]
├─console-kit-dae───64*[{console-kit-dae}]
├─cron
├─cupsd
├─2*[dbus-daemon]
├─dbus-launch
├─dconf-service───2*[{dconf-service}]
├─dovecot─┬─anvil
│ ├─config
│ └─log
├─exim4
├─gconfd-2
├─gdm3─┬─gdm-simple-slav─┬─Xorg
│ │ ├─gdm-session-wor─┬─x-session-manag─┬─evolution-a+
│ │ │ │ ├─gdu-notific+
│ │ │ │ ├─gnome-scree+
│ │ │ │ ├─gnome-setti+
│ │ │ │ ├─gnome-shell+++
│ │ │ │ ├─nm-applet──+++
│ │ │ │ ├─ssh-agent
│ │ │ │ ├─tracker-min+
│ │ │ │ ├─tracker-sto+
│ │ │ │ └─3*[{x-sessi+
│ │ │ └─2*[{gdm-session-wor}]
│ │ └─{gdm-simple-slav}
│ └─{gdm3}
├─6*[getty]
├─gnome-keyring-d───9*[{gnome-keyring-d}]
├─gnome-shell-cal───2*[{gnome-shell-cal}]
├─goa-daemon───{goa-daemon}
├─gsd-printer───{gsd-printer}
├─gvfs-afc-volume───{gvfs-afc-volume}Iyẹn ni gbogbo fun bayi. Ninu nkan ti n bọ ti emi Emi yoo bo awọn aṣẹ Linux miiran ti o mọ diẹ ti yoo jẹ igbadun. Titi lẹhinna wa ni aifwy ati sopọ si Tecmint. Bii ki o pin wa ki o ṣe iranlọwọ fun wa lati tan kaakiri.
Ka Tun:
- 10 Awọn Ilana Lainos Ti a Mọ Kere - Apá 2
- Awọn ofin ti a mọ Kere 10 fun Lainos - Apá 3
- Awọn pipaṣẹ Lainos ti o munadoko ti o Kere 10 - Apakan IV
- 10 Awọn pipaṣẹ Lainos iwulo iwulo ti a Mọ Kere - Apakan V