Fun lorukọ mii - Ọpa Laini Aṣẹ Fun Fun lorukọ Miiran Awọn faili ni Lainos
Nigbagbogbo a nlo aṣẹ “mv” lati fun lorukọ mii faili kan ni Linux. Sibẹsibẹ, lorukọmii ọpọ tabi ẹgbẹ awọn faili ni kiakia jẹ ki o jẹ iṣẹ ti o nira pupọ ninu ebute kan.
Linux wa pẹlu ohun elo ti a ṣe sinu agbara ti o lagbara pupọ ti a npe ni lorukọ mii. A lo aṣẹ atunkọ ti a lo lati fun lorukọ mii ọpọ tabi ẹgbẹ awọn faili, fun lorukọ mii awọn faili si kekere, fun lorukọ mii awọn faili si oke nla ati tunkọ awọn faili nipa lilo awọn ifihan perl.
Aṣẹ “lorukọ mii” jẹ apakan ti iwe afọwọkọ Perl ati pe o wa labẹ “/ usr/bin /” lori ọpọlọpọ awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux. O le ṣiṣe “eyi” aṣẹ lati wa ipo ti pipaṣẹ lorukọ mii.
$ which rename /usr/bin/rename
rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files
Aṣẹ lorukọ mii wa pẹlu awọn ariyanjiyan iyan diẹ pẹlu ihuwasi perl dandan ti o ṣe itọsọna itọsọna lorukọmii lati ṣe iṣẹ gangan.
rename [ -v ] [ -n ] [ -f ] perlexpr [ files ]
- -v: Tẹjade awọn orukọ ti awọn faili ni ifijišẹ fun lorukọmii.
- -n: Fihan awọn faili wo ni yoo ti fun lorukọmii.
- -f: Fi agbara pa awọn faili to wa tẹlẹ.
- perlexpr: Ifọrọhan Perl.
Fun oye ti o dara julọ fun iwulo ohun elo yii, a ti jiroro diẹ awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe ti aṣẹ yii ninu nkan naa.
1. Apere Orukọ Lilọ Orukọ Ipilẹ kan
Ṣebi o ti ṣajọpọ awọn faili pẹlu itẹsiwaju “.html” ati pe o fẹ fun lorukọ mii gbogbo awọn faili “.html” si “.php” ni ẹẹkan. Fun apẹẹrẹ, akọkọ ṣe “ls -l” lati ṣayẹwo atokọ awọn faili pẹlu itẹsiwaju “.html”.
# [email :~$ ls -l total 22532 -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6888896 Oct 10 12:10 cricket.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 588895 Oct 10 12:10 entertainment.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6188895 Oct 10 12:10 health.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6538895 Oct 10 12:10 lifestyle.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938895 Oct 10 12:10 news.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938937 Oct 10 12:11 photos.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 978137 Oct 10 12:11 sports.html
Bayi, o fẹ yi itẹsiwaju ti gbogbo awọn faili wọnyi pada lati “.html” si “.php“. O le lo pipaṣẹ “lorukọ mii” atẹle pẹlu ọrọ perl bi o ṣe han ni isalẹ.
[email :~$ rename 's/\.html$/\.php/' *.html
Akiyesi: Ninu aṣẹ ti o wa loke a ti lo awọn ariyanjiyan meji.
- ariyanjiyan akọkọ jẹ ọrọ perl ti o rọpo .html pẹlu .php.
- ariyanjiyan keji sọ aṣẹ atunkọ lati rọpo gbogbo awọn faili pẹlu * .php.
Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo boya gbogbo awọn faili ti wa ni lorukọmii si itẹsiwaju “.php”, ṣiṣe ls -l lori itọka naa.
[email :~$ ls -l total 22532 -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6888896 Oct 10 12:10 cricket.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 588895 Oct 10 12:10 entertainment.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6188895 Oct 10 12:10 health.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6538895 Oct 10 12:10 lifestyle.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938895 Oct 10 12:10 news.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938937 Oct 10 12:11 photos.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 978137 Oct 10 12:11 sports.php
Bayi o le rii loke pe gbogbo awọn faili html ti wa ni lorukọmii si php.
2. Ṣayẹwo Awọn Ayipada Ṣaaju Ṣiṣe Ṣiṣe Orukọ Lorukọ
Lakoko ti o n ṣe pataki tabi awọn iṣẹ lorukọ lorukọ pataki, o le ṣayẹwo nigbagbogbo awọn ayipada nipa ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ lorukọ mii pẹlu ariyanjiyan “-n”. Paramita “-n” yoo sọ fun ọ gangan awọn ayipada wo ni yoo waye, ṣugbọn awọn ayipada ko ṣe fun gidi. Nibi, ni apẹẹrẹ ti aṣẹ ni isalẹ.
[email :~$ rename -n 's/\.php$/\.html/' *.php cricket.php renamed as cricket.html entertainment.php renamed as entertainment.html health.php renamed as health.html lifestyle.php renamed as lifestyle.html news.php renamed as news.html photos.php renamed as photos.html sports.php renamed as sports.html
Akiyesi: Iṣeduro aṣẹ ti o wa loke nikan ṣe afihan awọn ayipada, ṣugbọn ni gidi awọn ayipada ko ṣe, ayafi ti o ba ṣiṣẹ aṣẹ laisi iyipada “-n”.
3. Tẹjade Ṣiṣejade lorukọ mii
A rii pe aṣẹ atunkọ ko ṣe afihan alaye eyikeyi ti awọn ayipada ti o ṣe. Nitorinaa, ti o ba fẹ gba awọn alaye ti pipaṣẹ lorukọ mii (bii a ṣe ni lilo “-n” aṣayan), nibi a lo aṣayan “-v” lati tẹjade awọn alaye pipe ti gbogbo awọn ayipada ti a ṣe nipasẹ atunkọ aṣẹ ni aṣeyọri.
[email :~$ rename -v 's/\.php$/\.html/' *.php cricket.php renamed as cricket.html entertainment.php renamed as entertainment.html health.php renamed as health.html lifestyle.php renamed as lifestyle.html news.php renamed as news.html photos.php renamed as photos.html sports.php renamed as sports.html
4. Yi gbogbo kekere pada si Oke-nla ati Vise-Versa
Lati tun lorukọ gbogbo awọn faili pẹlu awọn orukọ kekere si ọrọ oke. Fun apẹẹrẹ, Mo fẹ lati fi oju pamọ gbogbo awọn faili atẹle wọnyi lati kekere si oke.
[email :~$ ls -l total 22532 -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6888896 Oct 10 12:10 cricket.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 588895 Oct 10 12:10 entertainment.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6188895 Oct 10 12:10 health.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6538895 Oct 10 12:10 lifestyle.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938895 Oct 10 12:10 news.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938937 Oct 10 12:11 photos.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 978137 Oct 10 12:11 sports.html
O kan, lo aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu ifihan perl.
[email :~$ rename 'y/a-z/A-Z/' *.html
Lọgan ti o ba ti pa aṣẹ ti o wa loke, o le ṣayẹwo awọn ayipada nipa ṣiṣe “ls -l“.
[email :~$ ls -l total 22532 -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6888896 Oct 10 12:10 CRICKET.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 588895 Oct 10 12:10 ENTERTAINMENT.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6188895 Oct 10 12:10 HEALTH.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6538895 Oct 10 12:10 LIFESTYLE.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938895 Oct 10 12:10 NEWS.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938937 Oct 10 12:11 PHOTOS.HTML -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 978137 Oct 10 12:11 SPORTS.HTML
O le rii pe aṣẹ ti o wa loke fun lorukọ mii gbogbo awọn orukọ faili faili kekere (pẹlu itẹsiwaju .HTML) si ọrọ oke.
Ni bakanna, o tun le yipada gbogbo awọn ohun kikọ nla si kekere ni lilo pipaṣẹ atẹle.
[email :~$ rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *.HTML
[email :~$ ls -l total 22532 -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6888896 Oct 10 12:10 cricket.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 588895 Oct 10 12:10 entertainment.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6188895 Oct 10 12:10 health.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 6538895 Oct 10 12:10 lifestyle.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938895 Oct 10 12:10 news.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 938937 Oct 10 12:11 photos.html -rw-rw-r-- 1 ravisaive ravisaive 978137 Oct 10 12:11 sports.html
5. Capitalize Akọsilẹ akọkọ ti Orukọ faili
Lati lo lẹta akọkọ ti orukọ faili kọọkan lo aṣẹ wọnyi.
# rename 's/\b(\w)/\U$1/g' *.ext
6. Tunṣe Awọn faili to wa tẹlẹ
Ti o ba fẹ lati fi agbara pa awọn faili to wa tẹlẹ, lo aṣayan “-f” bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.
[email :~$ rename -f 's/a/b/' *.html
Ti o ba fẹ lati mọ diẹ sii nipa atunkọ aṣẹ, tẹ “ọkunrin lorukọ mii” ninu ebute naa.
Aṣẹ lorukọ mii wulo pupọ, ti o ba n ṣe pẹlu ọpọ tabi lorukọ mii awọn faili lati laini aṣẹ. Ma ṣe gbiyanju ki o jẹ ki n mọ, bawo ni iwulo ṣe ni awọn ofin ti lorukọmii awọn faili.