15 Awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe iṣe ti “awọn aṣẹ dpkg” fun Deros Da Dide


Debian GNU/Linux, Iya Ṣiṣẹ Ẹrọ ti nọmba awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux pẹlu Knoppix, Kali, Ubuntu, Mint, ati bẹbẹ lọ lo Oluṣakoso package pupọ bii dpkg, apt, aptitude, synaptic, taskel, deselect, dpkg-deb and dpkg-split .

A yoo ṣe apejuwe ọkọọkan awọn wọnyi ni ṣoki ṣaaju idojukọ lori aṣẹ 'dpkg'.

Apt duro fun Ọpa Package To ti ni ilọsiwaju. Ko ṣe pẹlu package ‘deb’ ati pe o n ṣiṣẹ taara, ṣugbọn ṣiṣẹ pẹlu ‘deb’ archive lati ipo ti a ṣalaye ninu faili “/etc/apt/sources.list”.

Ka siwaju: 25 Awọn Aṣẹ Ipilẹ Wulo ti APT-GET Command

Aptitude jẹ oluṣakoso package ti o da lori ọrọ fun Debian eyiti o jẹ iwaju-si ‘apt’, eyiti o fun olumulo laaye lati ṣakoso awọn idii ni irọrun.

Oluṣakoso package ayaworan eyiti o jẹ ki o rọrun lati fi sori ẹrọ, igbesoke ati yiyọ awọn idii paapaa si alakobere.

Iṣẹ ṣiṣe jẹ ki olumulo lati fi sori ẹrọ gbogbo awọn idii ti o yẹ ti o ni ibatan si iṣẹ-ṣiṣe kan pato, bii., Ojú-iṣẹ-iṣẹ.

Ọpa iṣakoso idii akojọ aṣayan, ti a lo lakoko lakoko igba akọkọ ti o fi sii ati bayi o rọpo pẹlu agbara.

Awọn ibaraẹnisọrọ pẹlu iwe-ipamọ Debian.

Wulo ni pipin ati parapo faili nla sinu awọn ege ti awọn faili kekere lati wa ni fipamọ lori media ti iwọn kekere bi floppy-disk.

dpkg jẹ eto iṣakoso package akọkọ ni Debian ati Debian based System. O ti lo lati fi sori ẹrọ, kọ, yọkuro, ati ṣakoso awọn idii. Aptitude jẹ opin iwaju akọkọ si dpkg.

Diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ dpkg ti o wọpọ julọ ti a lo pẹlu awọn lilo wọn ti wa ni atokọ nibi:

1. Fi Package sii

Fun fifi sori package “.deb”, lo aṣẹ pẹlu aṣayan “-i”. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi sori ẹrọ package “.deb” ti a pe ni “flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2 + squeeze1_i386.deb” lo pipaṣẹ wọnyi.

 dpkg -i flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package flashplugin-nonfree.
(Reading database ... 465729 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking flashplugin-nonfree (from flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
--2013-10-01 16:23:40--  http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/pdc/11.2.202.310/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz
Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)... 23.64.66.70
Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)|23.64.66.70|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 6923724 (6.6M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/flashplugin-nonfree.FPxQ4l02fL/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz’

2. Ṣe atokọ gbogbo Awọn idii ti a fi sii

Lati wo ati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn idii ti a fi sii, lo aṣayan “-l” pẹlu aṣẹ.

 dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                   Version                  Architecture    Description
+++-======================================-========================-===============================================================================
ii  accerciser                             3.8.0-0ubuntu1           all             interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop
ii  account-plugin-aim                     3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1         i386            Messaging account plugin for AIM
ii  account-plugin-facebook                0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook
ii  account-plugin-flickr                  0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr
ii  account-plugin-generic-oauth           0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth
ii  account-plugin-google                  0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon
rc  account-plugin-identica                0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - identica
ii  account-plugin-jabber                  3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1         i386            Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP
....

Lati wo package kan ti a fi sii tabi ko lo aṣayan “-l” pẹlu orukọ package. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ṣayẹwo boya o ti fi sii package apache2 tabi rara.

 dpkg -l apache2
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                   Version                  Architecture    Description
+++-======================================-========================-==============================================
ii  apache2                                2.2.22-6ubuntu5.1        i386            Apache HTTP Server metapackage

3. Yọ Apo kan

Lati yọ package “.deb”, a gbọdọ ṣọkasi orukọ package “flashpluginnonfree“, kii ṣe orukọ atilẹba “flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb“. Aṣayan “-r” ni a lo lati yọkuro/yọkuro package kan.

 dpkg -r flashpluginnonfree
(Reading database ... 142891 files and directories currently installed.) 
Removing flashpluginnonfree ... 
Processing triggers for man-db ... 
Processing triggers for menu ... 
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... 
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

O tun le lo aṣayan 'p' ni ipo ‘r’ eyiti yoo yọ package kuro pẹlu faili iṣeto. Aṣayan 'r' yoo yọ package kuro nikan kii ṣe awọn faili iṣeto.

 dpkg -p flashpluginnonfree

4. Wo Akoonu ti Package kan

Lati wo akoonu ti package kan pato, lo aṣayan “-c” bi o ti han. Aṣẹ naa yoo han awọn akoonu ti package “.deb” ni ọna kika akojọ-pipẹ.

 dpkg -c flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/bin/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/
-rw-r--r-- root/root      3920 2009-09-09 22:51 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       716 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/applications/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/
....

5. Ṣayẹwo Package ti fi sori ẹrọ tabi rara

Lilo aṣayan “-s” pẹlu orukọ akopọ, yoo han boya a ti fi package gbese sii tabi rara.

 dpkg -s flashplugin-nonfree
Package: flashplugin-nonfree
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: contrib/web
Installed-Size: 177
Maintainer: Bart Martens <[email >
Architecture: i386
Version: 1:3.2
Replaces: flashplugin (<< 6)
Depends: debconf | debconf-2.0, wget, gnupg, libatk1.0-0, libcairo2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libgcc1, libglib2.0-0, libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.14), libnspr4, libnss3, libpango1.0-0, libstdc++6, libx11-6, libxext6, libxt6, libcurl3-gnutls, binutils
Suggests: iceweasel, konqueror-nsplugins, ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ttf-dejavu, ttf-xfree86-nonfree, flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound, hal
Conflicts: flashplayer-mozilla, flashplugin (<< 6), libflash-mozplugin, xfs (<< 1:1.0.1-5)
Description: Adobe Flash Player - browser plugin
...

6. Ṣayẹwo ipo ti Awọn idii ti a fi sii

Lati ṣe atokọ ipo ti awọn faili lati fi sori ẹrọ si eto rẹ lati orukọ package.

 dpkg -L flashplugin-nonfree
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/mozilla
/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree
/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc
/usr/share
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/icons
/usr/share/icons/hicolor
...

7. Fi gbogbo awọn idii sii lati Itọsọna kan

Ni igbakọọkan, fi sori ẹrọ gbogbo awọn faili deede ti o baamu apẹẹrẹ “* .deb” ti a ri ni awọn ilana-ilana pàtó ati gbogbo awọn ẹka-abẹ rẹ. Eyi le ṣee lo pẹlu awọn aṣayan “-R” ati “-a fi sii”. Fun apẹẹrẹ, Emi yoo fi gbogbo awọn idii “.deb” sori ẹrọ lati itọsọna ti a pe ni “awọn iwe ifipamọ“.

 dpkg -R --install debpackages/
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using .../flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ...
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

8. Unpack the Package but dont ’Tunto

Lilo iṣe “–unpack” yoo ṣapa package naa, ṣugbọn kii yoo fi sii tabi tunto rẹ.

 dpkg --unpack flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

9. Ṣe atunto Apoti ti Ko Kojọpọ

Aṣayan “–aṣatunṣe” yoo tun ṣe atunto package ti a ko tii tẹlẹ.

 dpkg --configure flashplugin-nonfree
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...

10. Rọpo alaye Package ti o wa

Aṣayan “–update-avail” rọpo alaye atijọ pẹlu alaye ti o wa ninu faili Awọn apoti.

 dpkg –-update-avail package_name

11. Nu Nu alaye ti o wa

Iṣe “–clear-avaial” yoo paarẹ alaye lọwọlọwọ nipa kini awọn idii ti o wa.

 dpkg –-clear-avail

12. Gbagbe Awọn fifi sori ẹrọ ti a ko fi sori ẹrọ ati ti ko si

Aṣẹ dpkg pẹlu aṣayan “–gbagbe-atijọ-unavail” yoo gbagbe aifọwọyi ati awọn apo-iwe ti ko si.

 dpkg --forget-old-unavail

13. Ifihan dpkg Iwe-aṣẹ

 dpkg --licence

14. Ifihan dpkg Version

Ariyanjiyan “–version” yoo han alaye ẹya dpkg.

 dpkg –version
Debian `dpkg' package management program version 1.16.10 (i386).
This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or
later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.

15. Gba gbogbo Iranlọwọ nipa dpkg

Aṣayan “–help” yoo ṣe afihan atokọ ti awọn aṣayan to wa ti aṣẹ dpkg.

 dpkg –help
Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command>

Commands:
  -i|--install       <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --unpack           <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  -A|--record-avail  <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --configure        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --triggers-only    <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -r|--remove        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -P|--purge         <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout.
  --set-selections                 Set package selections from stdin.
  --clear-selections               Deselect every non-essential package.
  --update-avail <Packages-file>   Replace available packages info.
  --merge-avail <Packages-file>    Merge with info from file.
  --clear-avail                    Erase existing available info.
  --forget-old-unavail             Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
  -s|--status <package> ...        Display package status details.
...

Iyẹn ni gbogbo fun bayi. Emi yoo wa nibi lẹẹkansi pẹlu nkan miiran ti o nifẹ. Ti Mo ba padanu eyikeyi aṣẹ ninu atokọ naa jẹ ki mi mọ nipasẹ awọn asọye. Titi di igba naa, Duro si aifwy ati Jeki asopọ si Tecmint. Bii ki o pin wa ki o ṣe iranlọwọ fun wa kaakiri. Maṣe gbagbe lati darukọ awọn ero rẹ ti o niyelori ni asọye.