Bii o ṣe le Fi Drupal sori Debian 10


Ti kọwe PHP, Drupal jẹ eto iṣakoso akoonu ọfẹ ati opensource (CMS) ti o fun ọ laaye lati ṣẹda awọn bulọọgi ti o lagbara ati didara tabi awọn oju opo wẹẹbu. O firanṣẹ pẹlu awọn akori ti a ti fi sii, awọn ẹrọ ailorukọ, ati awọn ẹya miiran ti ita-apoti ti o ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati bẹrẹ pẹlu imọ kekere ni awọn ede siseto wẹẹbu. O jẹ apẹrẹ fun awọn olumulo ti o fẹ lati tẹjade akoonu wọn pẹlu ṣugbọn ni ipilẹ diẹ ni idagbasoke wẹẹbu.

Ninu nkan yii, iwọ yoo kọ bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ Drupal lori Debian 10/9.

Bii CMS miiran, Drupal n ṣiṣẹ ni iwaju iwaju ati ni agbara nipasẹ olupin data kan lori ẹhin. Nitorinaa, o nilo lati ni akopọ LAMP ti a fi sii ṣaaju ohunkohun miiran. LAMP ni ninu olupin wẹẹbu Apache, ibi ipamọ data MariaDB/MySQL, ati PHP eyiti o jẹ ede afọwọkọ ẹgbẹ-ẹgbẹ kan.

Ninu itọsọna yii, a ti lo awọn ẹya wọnyi:

  • aṣàwákiri wẹẹbù Apache.
  • olupin data MariaDB.
  • PHP (Fun Drupal 9, PHP 7.3 ati awọn ẹya nigbamii ni a ṣe iṣeduro).

Pẹlu awọn ibeere ti o pade, jẹ ki a bẹrẹ!

Igbesẹ 1: Fi sori ẹrọ LAMP Stack lori Debian 10

1. Lati fi sori ẹrọ Drupal, o gbọdọ ni olupin ayelujara ti n ṣiṣẹ ati olupin data kan, ninu nkan yii a yoo ṣiṣẹ pẹlu Apache, PHP, ati MariaDB, o le fi wọn sii nipa lilo aṣẹ ti o yẹ bi o ti han.

$ sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-intl php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-pear php-tidy php-soap php-bcmath php-xmlrpc 

2. Nigbamii ti, o nilo lati lo diẹ ninu awọn igbese aabo ipilẹ lori fifi sori ẹrọ data nipa ṣiṣe iwe afọwọkọ aabo atẹle eyiti o gbe pẹlu package MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Lẹhin ṣiṣe akosile, yoo tọ ọ lẹsẹsẹ awọn ibeere nibi ti o ti le dahun bẹẹni (y) lati jẹki diẹ ninu awọn aṣayan aabo ipilẹ bi o ti han.

  • Tẹ ọrọ igbaniwọle lọwọlọwọ fun gbongbo (tẹ fun ẹnikẹni): Tẹ
  • Ṣeto ọrọ igbaniwọle root? [Y/n] y
  • Mu awọn olumulo alailorukọ kuro? [Y/n] y
  • Ṣe iwọle wiwọle lati gbongbo latọna jijin? [Y/n] y
  • Mu ibi ipamọ data idanwo kuro ki o wọle si rẹ? [Y/n] y
  • Tun gbee awọn tabili anfaani bayi? [Y/n] y

Igbesẹ 2: Ṣẹda aaye data Drupal

3. Itele, a yoo bẹrẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣẹda ibi ipamọ data kan ti Drupal yoo lo fun titoju data lakoko ati lẹhin fifi sori ẹrọ. Ni akọkọ, wọle sinu olupin data MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Iwọ yoo gba ifiranṣẹ ikini atẹle.

4. Ni kete ti o buwolu wọle si ikarahun MariaDB, a yoo ṣẹda ipilẹ data ti a pe ni drupal_db .

MariaDB [(none)]> create DATABASE drupal_db;

5. Nigbamii ti, a yoo ṣẹda olumulo ipamọ data pẹlu ọrọigbaniwọle lagbara ati fifun olumulo ni iraye si kikun si ibi ipamọ data Drupal bi a ti han.

MariaDB [(none)]> create USER ‘drupal_user’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY “StrongPassword”;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON drupal_db.* TO ‘drupal_user’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY “password”;
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Nisisiyi pe a ni olupin ayelujara Apache, ibi ipamọ data Drupal, ati gbogbo awọn amugbooro PHP ni aaye, a yoo gbe siwaju ati gba faili fifi sori ẹrọ Drupal.

Igbesẹ 3: Gbaa lati ayelujara ati Fi sori ẹrọ Drupal ni Debian

6. A yoo ṣe igbasilẹ faili fisinuirindigbindigbin Drupal lati aṣẹ wget.

$ sudo wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz

7. Lọgan ti igbasilẹ naa ba pari, jade ni itọsọna rẹ lọwọlọwọ ki o gbe folda drupal ti ko ni ibamu si ọna /var/www/html ki o ṣe atokọ awọn akoonu ti itọsọna naa bi o ti han:

$ sudo tar -xvf drupal.tar.gz
$ sudo mv drupal-9.0.7 /var/www/html/drupal
$ ls -l /var/www/html/drupal

8. Nigbamii, ṣe atunṣe awọn igbanilaaye itọsọna lati jẹ ki Drupal wa fun gbogbo eniyan.

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/drupal/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/drupal/

Igbesẹ 4: Ṣẹda Gbalejo Virtual Virtual Apache Drupal kan

9. Lati ṣe iranṣẹ Drupal ni iwaju iwaju, a nilo lati ṣẹda faili olupin foju kan Apache lati ṣe iranṣẹ aaye Drupal. Lilo olootu ọrọ ayanfẹ rẹ, ṣẹda faili bi o ti han. Nibi, a nlo olootu vim.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Lẹẹmọ akoonu ti o han lori faili agbalejo foju.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin [email 
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
     ServerName  example.com  
     ServerAlias www.example.com

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

     <Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>;
            Options FollowSymlinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
     </Directory>

     <Directory /var/www/html/>
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Nigbati o ba ti ṣetan, fipamọ awọn ayipada ki o jade kuro ni faili naa.

10. Titi di asiko yii, oju-iwe Ikini ku Afun nikan ni o wa lati ọdọ ẹrọ lilọ kiri ayelujara kan. A nilo lati yi eyi pada ki Apache sin aaye Drupal naa. Lati ṣaṣeyọri eyi, a nilo lati jẹki olupin foju Drupal. Nitorinaa, ṣe awọn ofin wọnyi:

$ sudo a2ensite drupal.conf
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

Lakotan, lati ṣe awọn ayipada naa, tun bẹrẹ webserver Apache.

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

11. Ti o ba ni ogiriina UFW ti n ṣiṣẹ, ṣii ibudo HTTP bi o ti han.

$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
$ sudo ufw reload

Igbesẹ 6: Ṣeto Drupal lati Ẹrọ aṣawakiri kan

12. Eyi ni igbesẹ ikẹhin ni fifi sori ẹrọ ti Drupal ati pe o nilo iṣeto rẹ lori ẹrọ lilọ kiri ayelujara kan. Nitorinaa, ṣe ina aṣawakiri ayanfẹ rẹ ki o lọ kiri lori adirẹsi IP olupin rẹ bi o ti han:

http://www.server-ip/

Olupese yoo mu ọ nipasẹ awọn igbesẹ ṣaaju ipari iṣeto. Ni oju-iwe akọkọ, ao nilo lati yan ede ti o fẹ julọ bi o ti han. Yan ede ti o fẹ ki o tẹ ‘Fipamọ ki o Tẹsiwaju’.

13. Awọn profaili fifi sori ẹrọ mẹta wa ti o le lo lati fi sori ẹrọ Drupal, Ṣugbọn fun ayedero nitori, a yoo lọ pẹlu profaili ‘Standard’.

14. Ni igbesẹ ti n tẹle, fọwọsi awọn alaye ibi ipamọ data fun Drupal bi a ti ṣalaye loke ki o tẹ ‘Fipamọ ati Tẹsiwaju’.

15. Olupilẹṣẹ Drupal yoo bẹrẹ lati fi sori ẹrọ gbogbo awọn faili ati awọn modulu ibi ipamọ data.

16. Lọgan ti fifi sori ẹrọ ba pari, ao beere lọwọ rẹ lati pese awọn alaye aaye rẹ gẹgẹbi orukọ Aaye, adirẹsi aaye, aago agbegbe, ati ipo lati mẹnuba diẹ. Rii daju lati kun gbogbo awọn alaye.

17. Lakotan, iwọ yoo gba dasibodu aiyipada fun Drupal bi o ṣe han:

Lati ibi, o le lọ siwaju ati ṣẹda bulọọgi rẹ tabi oju opo wẹẹbu nipa lilo ọpọlọpọ awọn awoṣe ki o ṣe akanṣe oju naa ki o lero si ayanfẹ rẹ. Iyẹn ni fun oni. A nireti pe o le fi Drupal sori ẹrọ ni itunu lori apẹẹrẹ Debian rẹ.