Ṣiṣẹda Olumulo Webserver ati Alejo Oju opo wẹẹbu kan lati Apoti Linux Rẹ


Ọpọlọpọ awọn ti o yoo jẹ oluṣeto eto wẹẹbu kan. Diẹ ninu awọn ti o le jẹ gbese si oju opo wẹẹbu kan ati pe yoo ṣe atunṣe ati ṣiṣatunṣe rẹ nigbagbogbo. Lakoko ti awọn diẹ ti ko ni oye deedee ti awọn imọ-ẹrọ wẹẹbu yoo tun ngbero lati ni ọkan.

Nipasẹ nkan yii, Emi yoo ṣe mọ bi o ṣe le ṣe idagbasoke oju opo wẹẹbu ti n ṣiṣẹ pẹlu imọ kekere pupọ ati pe o le paapaa gbalejo rẹ ni lilo apoti Linux rẹ. Awọn nkan le rọrun bi iyẹn.

Awọn ibeere:

Apoti Linux (Sibẹsibẹ, O le lo Windows ṣugbọn awọn ohun nit thingstọ kii yoo rọrun pupọ ati pipe bi o ti yoo wa lori Ẹrọ Linux, a ti lo Debian nihin fun apẹẹrẹ tọka). Ti o ko ba ni eto iṣiṣẹ ti a fi sii, tabi o ko mọ bi o ṣe le fi ẹrọ ṣiṣe Linux kan sii, lẹhinna nibi ni awọn itọsọna diẹ ti o fihan ọ bi o ṣe le fi ẹrọ ṣiṣe Linux kan sii.

    Bii a ṣe le Fi Debian 10 (Buster) Olupin Pọọku sii Bii a ṣe le Fi Ubuntu 20.04 Server sii
  • Fifi sori ẹrọ ti\"CentOS 8.0 ″ pẹlu Awọn sikirinisoti

Apache, PHP, ati MySQL (nini imoye kiakia ti eyikeyi SQL miiran, o le lo ṣugbọn awọn apẹẹrẹ ninu nkan naa yoo lo MySQL.

    Bii a ṣe le Fi sii atupa lori Debian 10 Server Bii a ṣe le Fi sori ẹrọ LAMP Stack ni Ubuntu 20.04 Bii a ṣe le Fi Server Server atupa sori CentOS 8

Ilana Iṣakoso akoonu - Drupal pẹlu KompoZer, tabi o le lo Wodupiresi tabi Joomla. (Ṣugbọn nibi Mo lo Drupal gẹgẹbi Eto Iṣakoso akoonu mi (CMS)).

  • Bii o ṣe le Fi sori ẹrọ ni Wodupiresi Pẹlú LAMPU lori Debian 10
  • Bii o ṣe le Fi Wodupiresi sii pẹlu Afun ni Ubuntu 20.04
  • Fi WordPress 5 sori Apache, MariaDB 10, ati PHP 7 lori CentOS 8/7

  • Bii o ṣe le Fi Drupal sori Debian 10
  • Bii a ṣe le Fi Drupal sori Ubuntu Bii a ṣe le Fi Drupal sori CentOS 8

  • Bii o ṣe le Fi Joomla sori Debian 10
  • Bii a ṣe le Fi Joomla sori Ubuntu
  • Bii o ṣe le Fi Joomla sori CentOS 8

Ṣiṣeto Webserver tirẹ ati Alejo Wẹẹbu kan ni Lainos

Asopọ Intanẹẹti pẹlu IP Aimi (Ayanfẹ) ti a sopọ nipasẹ modẹmu kan ti o ni ohun elo alejo gbigba foju kan (Ni Otitọ kii ṣe eka pupọ bi o ti n dun nibi).

Apache jẹ eto olupin wẹẹbu kan. O wa ti fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto lori pupọ julọ Awọn Ẹrọ. Ṣayẹwo ti o ba fi sori ẹrọ lori eto rẹ tabi rara.

# apt-cache policy apache2 (On Debian based OS)
apache2:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.4.38-3+deb10u3
  Version table:
     2.4.38-3+deb10u3 500
        500 http://httpredir.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
     2.4.38-3 -1
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.4.25-3+deb9u9 500
        500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates/main amd64 Packages
# yum search httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.smartmedia.net.id
 * extras: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Installed Packages
httpd.i686	2.2.15-28.el6.centos	@updates

Lati iṣẹjade ti o wa loke, o han gbangba pe a ti fi Apache sori apoti, ti ko ba si ọran rẹ o le ‘apt’ tabi ‘yum’ package ti a beere. Lọgan ti o ti fi sii Apache bẹrẹ bi.

# apt-get install apache2 (On Debian based OS)
# service apache2 start
# yum install httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
# service httpd start

Akiyesi: O le ni lati tẹ 'httpd' ati kii ṣe 'afun' lori diẹ ninu olupin Viz., RHEL. Lọgan ti olupin 'apache2' tabi 'http' aka 'httpd' bẹrẹ o le ṣayẹwo rẹ ninu ẹrọ aṣawakiri rẹ nipa lilọ si eyikeyi awọn ọna asopọ atẹle.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Ọna asopọ yii yoo ṣii sinu oju-iwe ti o gbalejo eyiti o tumọ si Apache ti fi sori ẹrọ daradara ati bẹrẹ.

MySQL jẹ eto olupin data kan. O wa pẹlu nọmba awọn distros. Ṣayẹwo ti o ba fi sori ẹrọ lori eto rẹ tabi rara ati ibiti o ti fi sii.

# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /usr/bin/X11/mysql /usr/share/mysql 
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

Lati iṣẹjade ti o wa loke, o han gbangba pe a ti fi MySQL sii pẹlu ipo ti awọn faili alakomeji. Ti o ba jẹ pe ko fi sii, ṣe 'apt' tabi 'yum' lati fi sii ki o bẹrẹ.

# apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Debian based OS)
# service mysql start
# yum install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Red Hat based OS)
# service mariadb start

Akiyesi: O le ni lati tẹ\"mysqld" ni ibi mysql, o han ni laisi awọn agbasọ, ni diẹ ninu distro viz., RHEL. Ṣayẹwo ipo MySQL, ṣiṣe.

# service mysql status (On Debian based OS)
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3.23 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-08 01:05:32 EST; 1min 42s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process: 2540 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2537 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2457 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_STAR
  Process: 2452 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2450 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2506 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 30 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─2506 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Ijade ti o wa loke fihan pe MySQL n ṣiṣẹ fun 11 min 58 sec.

PHP jẹ ede iwe afọwọkọ ti olupin ti a ṣe apẹrẹ fun idagbasoke wẹẹbu ati pe a lo ni igbagbogbo bi ede siseto idi-gbogbogbo. O ni lati kan ran iwe afọwọkọ php lẹhin fifi php sii. Bi Mo ti sọ loke lo 'apt' tabi 'yum' lati fi sori ẹrọ package ti o nilo fun apoti rẹ.

# apt-get install php php-mysql (On Debian based OS)
# yum install php php-mysqlnd (On Red Hat based OS)

Ti o ba fi sori ẹrọ php ni aṣeyọri ninu eto rẹ, o le ṣayẹwo ti o ba n ṣiṣẹ ni deede tabi kii ṣe nipa ṣiṣẹda faili\"info.php" ninu itọsọna rẹ '/ var/www/html' tabi '/ var/www' (eyiti jẹ itọsọna Apache rẹ) pẹlu akoonu ti a fun ni isalẹ.

<?php

     phpinfo ();
?>

Bayi lọ kiri si aṣawakiri rẹ ki o tẹ eyikeyi ninu ọna asopọ atẹle.

http://127.0.0.1/info.php
http://localhost/info.php
http://your-ip-address/info.php

Eyi ti o tumọ php ti fi sori ẹrọ ati ṣiṣẹ ni deede. Bayi o le kọ oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ ninu itọsọna Apache rẹ, sibẹsibẹ, kii ṣe igbagbogbo imọran to dara lati ṣe atunṣe kẹkẹ kan lẹẹkansii.

Fun eyi, Ilana Iṣakoso akoonu wa (CMF), bii,, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress. O le ṣe igbasilẹ ilana tuntun lati ọna asopọ ti a pese ni isalẹ ati pe o le lo eyikeyi awọn ilana wọnyi, sibẹsibẹ, a yoo lo Drupal ninu awọn apẹẹrẹ wa.

  • Drupal: https://drupal.org/project/drupal
  • Joomla: http://www.joomla.org/download.html
  • Wodupiresi: http://wordpress.org/download/

Ṣe igbasilẹ Drupal lati ọna asopọ ti o wa loke eyiti yoo jẹ ile ifi nkan pamosi oda. Gbe ile ifi nkan pamosi si iwe itọsọna Apache rẹ '/ var/www/html' tabi '/ var/www'. Fa jade si gbongbo ti itọsọna afun. Nibo ‘x.xx 'yoo jẹ nọmba ẹya.

# mv drupal-x.xx.tar.gz /var/www/ (mv to Apache root directory)
# cd /var/www/ (change working directory)
# tar -zxvf drupal-7.22.tar.gz (extract the archieve)
# cd drupal-7.22 (Move to the extracted folder)
# cp * -R /var/www/ (Copy the extracted archieve to apache directory)

Ti ohun gbogbo ba lọ DARA, tun ṣii ẹrọ aṣawakiri rẹ ki o lọ kiri si awọn ọna asopọ isalẹ o yoo gba ikini pẹlu rẹ.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Yan awọn eto ede Rẹ.

Ṣiṣayẹwo fun awọn ibeere ati igbanilaaye faili. Pese igbanilaaye to dara si awọn faili ati folda ti a beere. O le nilo lati ṣẹda awọn faili kan pẹlu ọwọ, eyiti kii ṣe nkan nla.

Eto ipilẹ data, ilana ẹhin.

Ti eto Eto data ba lọ awọn profaili pipe ti fi sori ẹrọ laifọwọyi.

Tito leto tumọ si siseto 'Orukọ Aye', 'Imeeli', 'Orukọ Olumulo', 'Ọrọigbaniwọle', 'Agbegbe Aago', ati bẹbẹ lọ.

Ati pe ti ohun gbogbo ba lọ laisiyonu, iwọ yoo gba iboju ohunkan bi eleyi.

Ṣii oju-iwe rẹ nipa tọka si adirẹsi http://127.0.0.1.

Iyara !!!

Kompozer jẹ ọpa kan ti o jẹ ki o ṣiṣẹ ni GUI fun sisẹ oju opo wẹẹbu kan ni html ati pe o le fi iwe afọwọkọ php sii nibikibi ti o fẹ. Kompozer jẹ ki o rọrun pupọ lati ṣẹda oju-iwe wẹẹbu kan.

  1. Kompozer: http://www.kompozer.net/download.php

daradara o ko nilo lati fi sori ẹrọ julọ ti eto Linux. O kan gba lati ayelujara, jade, ati ṣiṣe Kompozer.

Ti o ba jẹ ẹda, kompozer wa nibẹ fun ọ.

Awọn Ọrọ Diẹ nipa Awọn adirẹsi Ilana Intanẹẹti (IP).

http://127.0.0.1

A pe ni gbogbogbo adiresi IP loopback tabi localhost, ati pe o tọka nigbagbogbo si ẹrọ ti o ti lọ kiri lori ayelujara. Gbogbo awọn ẹrọ lori nẹtiwọọki kan ti n tọka si adirẹsi ti o wa loke yoo yipo pada si ẹrọ tirẹ.

Ipconfig/ifconfig: Ṣiṣe eyi ni ebute rẹ lati mọ adirẹsi agbegbe ẹrọ rẹ.

# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr **:**:**:**:**:**  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0 
          inet6 addr: ****::****:****:****:****/** Scope:Link 
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 
          RX packets:107991 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
          TX packets:95076 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:76328395 (72.7 MiB)  TX bytes:20797849 (19.8 MiB) 
          Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000

Wa fun afikun inet: 192.168.1.2 nibi 192.168.1.2 ni IP agbegbe mi. Kọmputa eyikeyi lori LAN rẹ pẹlu o le tọka si oju-iwe wẹẹbu ti o gbalejo nipa lilo adirẹsi yii.

Sibẹsibẹ kọnputa ti ita LAN rẹ kii yoo ni anfani lati wọle si oju-iwe wẹẹbu rẹ nipa lilo adirẹsi IP yii. Iwọ yoo ni lati beere lọwọ olupese iṣẹ Intanẹẹti rẹ lati fun ọ ni IP aimi (Iyẹn ko yipada pẹlu akoko). Lọgan ti o ba ni adiresi IP rẹ ti o duro, ọna ti o rọrun julọ lati wa IP rẹ ni lati tẹ\"IP mi ni" ni google ati akiyesi-isalẹ abajade.

Iwọ kii yoo ni anfani lati wọle si IP yii lati inu ẹrọ tirẹ tabi ẹrọ miiran lori LAN rẹ. Sibẹsibẹ, o le lo olupin aṣoju (www.kproxy.com) lati wọle si oju-iwe ti o gbalejo nipa lilo IP rẹ ti o duro. Ṣugbọn ṣaju iyẹn, o nilo lati ṣeto olupin foju kan ati pe olupese iṣẹ rẹ yoo jẹ iranlọwọ nitootọ ni iyi yii.

Hmmm! Iyẹn ko nira rara. Ni akọkọ, o nilo lati mọ afun ibudo ti nlo, eyiti o jẹ julọ ninu ọran naa jẹ 80.

# netstat -tulpn

iṣẹjade yoo jẹ nkan bii:

tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      6169/apache2

Bayi lọ si olulana rẹ eyiti gbogbogbo jẹ http://192.168.1.1 ati pe orukọ olumulo/ọrọ igbaniwọle yoo jẹ abojuto-abojuto, sibẹsibẹ, o le jẹ iyatọ ninu ọran rẹ da lori olupese iṣẹ ati agbegbe.

Nigbamii, lọ si taabu olupin foju. Kun nọmba ibudo, orukọ iṣẹ, ati adirẹsi IP agbegbe, fun, ati fipamọ. Beere iranlọwọ lati ọdọ ISP rẹ.

Ranti Iwọ yoo ni anfani lati wọle si oju opo wẹẹbu yii nikan lati ẹrọ rẹ, eyikeyi ẹrọ miiran lori LAN rẹ, tabi kọnputa lori Intanẹẹti nigbati ẹrọ rẹ ba wa ni UP ti o nṣiṣẹ MySQL ati Apache nigbakanna.

Pẹlu agbara nla, ojuse nla wa. Ati nisisiyi o jẹ ojuṣe rẹ lati daabo bo ẹrọ rẹ. Maṣe fun adirẹsi IP rẹ si eniyan aimọ kan titi iwọ o fi mọ awọn ọna rẹ ni ati jade.

Dajudaju a yoo gbiyanju lati bo awọn ọran ti o jọmọ aabo ati bii a ṣe le ṣe aabo rẹ. Ni ominira lati fun awọn asọye ti o niyelori rẹ ki o pin pẹlu awọn ọrẹ rẹ. O mọ ‘Pipin jẹ Itọju’. Ọrọìwòye Rere rẹ ṣe iwuri ati iwuri fun wa.