Awọn Aṣẹ Ilọsiwaju 20 fun Awọn olumulo Lainos Ipele Aarin


O le ti rii nkan akọkọ ti o wulo pupọ, nkan yii jẹ itẹsiwaju ti awọn 20 Awọn iwulo Wulo fun Linux Newbies. A ti pinnu nkan akọkọ fun awọn tuntun tuntun ati nkan yii jẹ fun Aarin-Ipele-Olumulo ati Awọn olumulo ti Ilọsiwaju. Nibi iwọ yoo wa bi o ṣe le ṣe akanṣe iṣawari, mọ awọn ilana ṣiṣe itọsọna lati pa wọn, bii o ṣe le ṣe agbejade ebute Linux rẹ jẹ abala pataki ati bii o ṣe le ṣajọ awọn eto c, c ++, Java ni nix.

21. Commandfin: Wa

Wa fun awọn faili ninu itọsọna ti a fun, ni akoso ilana bibẹrẹ ni itọsọna obi ati gbigbe si awọn ilana-labẹ.

[email :~# find -name *.sh 

./Desktop/load.sh 
./Desktop/test.sh 
./Desktop/shutdown.sh 
./Binary/firefox/run-mozilla.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/quanta/scripts/externalpreview.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/doxygen.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/cvs.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/ltmain.sh 
./Downloads/wheezy-nv-install.sh

Akiyesi: Aṣayan\"- orukọ 'jẹ ki ọrọ iwadii wa. O le lo aṣayan \" - iname' lati wa nkan laibikita ọran. (* jẹ kaadi iranti ati wiwa gbogbo faili ti o ni itẹsiwaju '.sh' o le lo orukọ faili tabi apakan ti orukọ faili lati ṣe iyasọtọ iṣẹjade).

[email :~# find -iname *.SH ( find -iname *.Sh /  find -iname *.sH)

./Desktop/load.sh 
./Desktop/test.sh 
./Desktop/shutdown.sh 
./Binary/firefox/run-mozilla.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/quanta/scripts/externalpreview.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/doxygen.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/cvs.sh 
./Downloads/kdewebdev-3.5.8/admin/ltmain.sh 
./Downloads/wheezy-nv-install.sh
[email :~# find -name *.tar.gz 

/var/www/modules/update/tests/aaa_update_test.tar.gz 
./var/cache/flashplugin-nonfree/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz 
./home/server/Downloads/drupal-7.22.tar.gz 
./home/server/Downloads/smtp-7.x-1.0.tar.gz 
./home/server/Downloads/noreqnewpass-7.x-1.2.tar.gz 
./usr/share/gettext/archive.git.tar.gz 
./usr/share/doc/apg/php.tar.gz 
./usr/share/doc/festival/examples/speech_pm_1.0.tar.gz 
./usr/share/doc/argyll/examples/spyder2.tar.gz 
./usr/share/usb_modeswitch/configPack.tar.gz

Akiyesi: Awọn aṣẹ ti o wa loke wa fun gbogbo faili ti o ni itẹsiwaju ‘tar.gz’ ninu itọsọna gbongbo ati gbogbo awọn ilana-ipin pẹlu awọn ẹrọ ti a gbe sori.

Ka awọn apẹẹrẹ diẹ sii ti Linux ‘wa‘ aṣẹ ni 35 Wa Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ ni Linux

22. Aṣẹ: grep

Aṣẹ 'grep' n wa faili ti a fun fun awọn ila ti o ni ibaramu si awọn okun ti a fun tabi awọn ọrọ. Wa '/ ati be be lo/passwd' fun olumulo 'tecmint'.

[email :~# grep tecmint /etc/passwd 

tecmint:x:1000:1000:Tecmint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

Ṣe akiyesi ọrọ ọrọ ati gbogbo idapọ miiran pẹlu aṣayan ‘-i’.

[email :~# grep -i TECMINT /etc/passwd 

tecmint:x:1000:1000:Tecmint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

Wa atunṣe (-r) ie ka gbogbo awọn faili labẹ itọsọna kọọkan fun okun “127.0.0.1“.

[email :~# grep -r "127.0.0.1" /etc/ 

/etc/vlc/lua/http/.hosts:127.0.0.1
/etc/speech-dispatcher/modules/ivona.conf:#IvonaServerHost "127.0.0.1"
/etc/mysql/my.cnf:bind-address		= 127.0.0.1
/etc/apache2/mods-available/status.conf:    Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1
/etc/apache2/mods-available/ldap.conf:    Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1
/etc/apache2/mods-available/info.conf:    Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1
/etc/apache2/mods-available/proxy_balancer.conf:#    Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1
/etc/security/access.conf:#+ : root : 127.0.0.1
/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf:#prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf:#  option domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
/etc/init/network-interface.conf:	ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 up || true
/etc/java-6-openjdk/net.properties:# localhost & 127.0.0.1).
/etc/java-6-openjdk/net.properties:# http.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1
/etc/java-6-openjdk/net.properties:# localhost & 127.0.0.1).
/etc/java-6-openjdk/net.properties:# ftp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1
/etc/hosts:127.0.0.1	localhost

Akiyesi: O le lo awọn aṣayan atẹle wọnyi pẹlu grep.

  1. -w fun ọrọ (egrep -w ‘word1 | word2‘/path/to/file).
  2. -c fun kika (ie, apapọ nọmba awọn akoko ti apẹẹrẹ baamu) (grep -c 'ọrọ'/ona/si/faili).
  3. -color fun iṣiṣẹ awọ (grep -color server/etc/passwd).

23. Aṣẹ: eniyan

‘Eniyan’ jẹ pager iṣẹ ọwọ eto. Eniyan n pese iwe lori ayelujara fun gbogbo awọn aṣayan ti o ṣeeṣe pẹlu aṣẹ ati awọn lilo rẹ. Fere gbogbo aṣẹ wa pẹlu awọn oju-iwe afọwọṣe ti o baamu wọn. Fun apere,

[email :~# man man

MAN(1)                                                               Manual pager utils                                                              MAN(1)

NAME
       man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

SYNOPSIS
       man  [-C  file]  [-d]  [-D]  [--warnings[=warnings]]  [-R  encoding]  [-L  locale]  [-m  system[,...]]  [-M  path]  [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I]
       [--regex|--wildcard] [--names-only] [-a] [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [--no-hyphenation] [--no-justification]  [-p
       string] [-t] [-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] [[section] page ...] ...
       man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
       man -K [-w|-W] [-S list] [-i|-I] [--regex] [section] term ...
       man -f [whatis options] page ...
       man -l [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale] [-P pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [-p string] [-t] [-T[device]]
       [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] file ...
       man -w|-W [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
       man -c [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
       man [-hV]

Oju-iwe Afowoyi fun oju-iwe eniyan funrararẹ, bakanna ni 'ologbo eniyan' (Oju-iwe Afowoyi fun aṣẹ ls).

Akiyesi: oju-iwe eniyan ti pinnu fun itọkasi aṣẹ ati ẹkọ.

24. Commandfin: ps

ps (Ilana) fun ipo ti awọn ilana ṣiṣe pẹlu Id alailẹgbẹ ti a pe ni PID.

[email :~# ps

 PID TTY          TIME CMD
 4170 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
 9628 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

Lati ṣe atokọ ipo ti gbogbo awọn ilana pẹlu id idasilẹ ilana ati PID, lo aṣayan ‘-A‘.

[email :~# ps -A

 PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 ?        00:00:01 init
    2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
    3 ?        00:00:01 ksoftirqd/0
    5 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0H
    7 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u:0H
    8 ?        00:00:00 migration/0
    9 ?        00:00:00 rcu_bh
....

Akiyesi: Aṣẹ yii wulo pupọ nigbati o ba fẹ mọ iru awọn ilana ti o nṣiṣẹ tabi o le nilo PID nigbami, fun ilana lati pa. O le lo pẹlu aṣẹ 'grep' lati wa iṣujade adani. Fun apere,

[email :~# ps -A | grep -i ssh

 1500 ?        00:09:58 sshd
 4317 ?        00:00:00 sshd

Nibi 'ps' ti wa ni pipelined pẹlu aṣẹ 'grep' lati wa isọdi ti adani ati ibaramu ti iwulo wa.

25. Commandfin: pa

O DARA, o le ti loye kini aṣẹ yii jẹ fun, lati orukọ aṣẹ naa. A lo aṣẹ yii lati pa ilana eyiti ko wulo ni bayi tabi ti ko dahun. O wulo pupọ iwulo, dipo aṣẹ to wulo pupọ. O le faramọ pẹlu awọn ferese loorekoore ti o tun bẹrẹ nitori otitọ pe ọpọlọpọ igba ni a ko le pa ilana ṣiṣe kan, ati pe ti o ba pa o nilo awọn window lati tun bẹrẹ ki awọn ayipada le ṣee mu ni ipa ṣugbọn ni agbaye ti Linux, ko si iru awon nkan bayi. Nibi o le pa ilana kan ati bẹrẹ laisi tun bẹrẹ gbogbo eto.

O nilo pid ti ilana kan (ps) lati pa.

Jẹ ki a sọ pe o fẹ pa eto ‘apache2’ ti o le ma ṣe idahun. Ṣiṣe ‘ps -A‘ lẹgbẹẹ aṣẹ grep.

[email :~# ps -A | grep -i apache2

1285 ?        00:00:00 apache2

Wa ilana 'apache2', ṣe akiyesi pid rẹ ki o pa. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ninu ọran mi ‘apache2‘ pid jẹ ‘1285’.

[email :~# kill 1285 (to kill the process apache2)

Akiyesi: Ni gbogbo igba ti o ba tun ṣe ilana kan tabi bẹrẹ eto kan, pid tuntun wa ni ipilẹṣẹ fun ilana kọọkan ati pe o le mọ nipa awọn ilana ṣiṣe lọwọlọwọ ati pid rẹ nipa lilo pipaṣẹ ‘ps’.

Ọna miiran lati pa ilana kanna ni.

[email :~# pkill apache2

Akiyesi: Ipaniyan nilo id iṣẹ/id ilana fun fifiranṣẹ awọn ifihan agbara, nibiti bi ninu pkill, o ni aṣayan ti lilo apẹẹrẹ, ṣafihan ilana eni, ati bẹbẹ lọ.

26. Commandfin: nibo

A ti lo aṣẹ ‘whereis’ lati wa Binary, Awọn orisun ati Awọn oju-iwe Afowoyi ti aṣẹ naa. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati wa Alakomeji, Awọn orisun ati Awọn oju-iwe Afowoyi ti aṣẹ 'ls' ati 'pa'.

[email :~# whereis ls 

ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
[email :~# whereis kill

kill: /bin/kill /usr/share/man/man2/kill.2.gz /usr/share/man/man1/kill.1.gz

Akiyesi: Eyi wulo lati mọ ibiti a ti fi awọn binaries sii fun ṣiṣatunkọ ọwọ nigbakan.

27. Commandfin: iṣẹ

Aṣẹ ‘iṣẹ’ nṣakoso Ibẹrẹ, Iduro tabi Tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ kan ‘. Aṣẹ yii jẹ ki o ṣee ṣe lati bẹrẹ, tun bẹrẹ tabi da iṣẹ duro laisi tun bẹrẹ eto, fun awọn ayipada lati mu ni ipa.

[email :~# service apache2 start

 * Starting web server apache2                                                                                                                                 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName
httpd (pid 1285) already running						[ OK ]
[email :~# service apache2 restart

* Restarting web server apache2                                                                                                                               apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName
 ... waiting .apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName  [ OK ]
[email :~# service apache2 stop

 * Stopping web server apache2                                                                                                                                 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName
 ... waiting                                                           		[ OK ]

Akiyesi: Gbogbo iwe afọwọkọ ilana wa ni '/etc/init.d', ati pe ọna naa le nilo lati wa ninu eto kan, ie, botilẹjẹpe o nṣiṣẹ\"iṣẹ apache2 bẹrẹ” o yoo beere lọwọ rẹ lati ṣiṣe\"/ ati be be/init.d/apache2 bẹrẹ ”.

28. Commandfin: inagijẹ

inagijẹ jẹ itumọ ti aṣẹ ikarahun ti o jẹ ki o fi orukọ silẹ fun aṣẹ pipẹ tabi aṣẹ ti a lo nigbagbogbo.

Mo nlo aṣẹ 'ls -l' nigbagbogbo, eyiti o pẹlu awọn ohun kikọ 5 pẹlu aye. Nitorinaa Mo ṣẹda inagijẹ fun eyi si 'l'.

[email :~# alias l='ls -l'

ṣayẹwo ti o ba ṣiṣẹ tabi rara.

[email :~# l

total 36 
drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 4096 May 10 11:14 Binary 
drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 4096 May 21 11:21 Desktop 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May 21 15:23 Documents 
drwxr-xr-x 8 tecmint tecmint 4096 May 20 14:56 Downloads 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May  7 16:58 Music 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May 20 16:17 Pictures 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May  7 16:58 Public 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May  7 16:58 Templates 
drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 May  7 16:58 Videos

Lati yọ inagijẹ 'l' kuro, lo atẹle 'unalias' pipaṣẹ.

[email :~# unalias l

ṣayẹwo, ti ‘l‘ ba tun jẹ inagijẹ tabi rara.

[email :~# l

bash: l: command not found

Ṣiṣe igbadun kekere lati inu aṣẹ yii. Ṣe inagijẹ ti aṣẹ pataki kan si aṣẹ pataki miiran.

alias cd='ls -l' (set alias of ls -l to cd)
alias su='pwd' (set alias of pwd to su)
....
(You can create your own)
....

Bayi nigbati ọrẹ rẹ ba tẹ ‘cd‘, kan ronu bawo ni yoo ṣe dun nigbati o ba ni atokọ ilana ati kii ṣe iyipada itọsọna. Ati pe nigbati o ba gbiyanju lati jẹ ‘su’ gbogbo ohun ti o gba ni ipo ti itọsọna iṣẹ. O le yọ awọn inagijẹ nigbamii nipa lilo pipaṣẹ 'unalias' bi a ti salaye loke.

29. Commandfin: df

Ṣe ijabọ awọn lilo disk ti eto faili. Wulo fun olumulo bii Oluṣakoso eto lati tọju abala awọn lilo lilo disk wọn. ‘Df‘ ṣiṣẹ nipa ṣiṣe ayẹwo awọn titẹ sii itọsọna, eyiti a ṣe imudojuiwọn ni gbogbogbo nikan nigbati faili ba wa ni pipade.

[email :~# df

Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       47929224 7811908  37675948  18% /
none                   4       0         4   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev             1005916       4   1005912   1% /dev
tmpfs             202824     816    202008   1% /run
none                5120       0      5120   0% /run/lock
none             1014120     628   1013492   1% /run/shm
none              102400      44    102356   1% /run/user
/dev/sda5         184307   79852     94727  46% /boot
/dev/sda7       95989516   61104  91045676   1% /data
/dev/sda8       91953192   57032  87218528   1% /personal

Fun awọn apẹẹrẹ diẹ sii ti aṣẹ 'df', ka nkan naa 12 df Awọn Aṣẹ Aṣẹ ni Linux.

30. Commandfin: du

Ṣe iṣiro lilo aaye aaye faili. O wu ni ṣoki ti awọn lilo disk nipasẹ faili faili ni igbagbogbo, ie, ni ọna atunkọ.

[email :~# du

8       ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/images/default_gradient
8       ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/images/default
32      ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/images
8       ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/tinymce/plugins/polls/langs
8       ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/tinymce/plugins/polls/img
28      ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/tinymce/plugins/polls
32      ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/tinymce/plugins
36      ./Daily Pics/wp-polls/tinymce
580     ./Daily Pics/wp-polls
1456    ./Daily Pics
36      ./Plugins/wordpress-author-box
16180   ./Plugins
12      ./May Articles 2013/Xtreme Download Manager
4632    ./May Articles 2013/XCache

Akiyesi: 'df' nikan ṣe ijabọ awọn iṣiro lilo lori awọn ọna ṣiṣe faili, lakoko ti 'du', ni apa keji, ṣe iwọn awọn akoonu itọsọna. Fun diẹ ẹ sii 'du' awọn apẹẹrẹ pipaṣẹ ati lilo, ka Awọn aṣẹ 10 du (Lilo Lilo Disk).

31. Commandfin: rm

Aṣẹ ‘rm‘ duro fun yiyọ kuro. RM ti lo lati yọ awọn faili (s) ati awọn ilana ilana kuro.

[email :~# rm PassportApplicationForm_Main_English_V1.0

rm: cannot remove `PassportApplicationForm_Main_English_V1.0': Is a directory

A ko le yọ itọsọna naa ni irọrun nipasẹ aṣẹ 'rm', o ni lati lo '-rf' yipada pẹlu 'rm'.

[email :~# rm -rf PassportApplicationForm_Main_English_V1.0

Ikilọ:\"rm -rf" pipaṣẹ jẹ aṣẹ apanirun ti o ba ṣe lairotẹlẹ o ṣe si itọsọna ti ko tọ. Ni kete ti o ba 'rm -rf' itọsọna kan gbogbo awọn faili ati itọsọna naa funrararẹ padanu lailai, lojiji. Lo o pẹlu pele.

32. Commandfin: iwoyi

iwoyi bi orukọ ṣe daba iwoyi ọrọ lori iṣẹjade boṣewa. Ko ni nkankan lati ṣe pẹlu ikarahun, tabi ikarahun ko ka iṣẹjade pipaṣẹ iwoyi. Sibẹsibẹ ninu iwe-ọrọ ibanisọrọ, iwoyi n fi ifiranṣẹ ranṣẹ si olumulo nipasẹ ebute. O jẹ ọkan ninu aṣẹ ti o wọpọ ni lilo kikọ, kikọ ibanisọrọ.

[email :~# echo "linux-console.net is a very good website" 

linux-console.net is a very good website

1. ṣẹda faili kan, ti a pe ni 'interactive_shell.sh' lori deskitọpu. (Ranti ‘.sh‘ itẹsiwaju jẹ gbọdọ).
2. daakọ ati lẹẹ mọ iwe afọwọkọ isalẹ, deede kanna, bi isalẹ.

#!/bin/bash 
echo "Please enter your name:" 
   read name 
   echo "Welcome to Linux $name"

Nigbamii, ṣeto ṣiṣe igbanilaaye ati ṣiṣe akosile naa.

[email :~# chmod 777 interactive_shell.sh
[email :~# ./interactive_shell.sh

Please enter your name:
Ravi Saive
Welcome to Linux Ravi Saive

Akiyesi: '#!/Bin/bash' sọ fun ikarahun pe o jẹ iwe afọwọkọ kan o jẹ igbagbogbo imọran lati ṣafikun rẹ ni oke iwe afọwọkọ. 'Ka' ka ifunni ti a fun.

33. Commandfin: passwd

Eyi jẹ aṣẹ pataki ti o wulo fun iyipada ọrọ igbaniwọle tirẹ ni ebute. O han ni o nilo lati mọ passowrd lọwọlọwọ rẹ fun idi Aabo.

[email :~# passwd 

Changing password for tecmint. 
(current) UNIX password: ******** 
Enter new UNIX password: ********
Retype new UNIX password: ********
Password unchanged   [Here was passowrd remians unchanged, i.e., new password=old password]
Enter new UNIX password: #####
Retype new UNIX password:#####

34. Commandfin: lpr

Aṣẹ yii tẹ awọn faili ti a darukọ lori laini aṣẹ, si itẹwe ti a npè ni.

[email :~# lpr -P deskjet-4620-series 1-final.pdf

Akiyesi: Aṣẹ 'lpq' jẹ ki o wo ipo itẹwe kan (boya o wa ni oke tabi rara), ati awọn iṣẹ (awọn faili) ti n duro de lati tẹjade.

35. Commandfin: cmp

ṣe afiwe awọn faili meji ti eyikeyi iru ki o kọ awọn abajade si iṣuuṣe boṣewa. Nipa aiyipada, 'cmp' Awọn ipadabọ 0 ti awọn faili ba jẹ kanna; ti wọn ba yato, baiti ati nọmba laini eyiti iyatọ akọkọ ti waye ni a royin.

Lati pese awọn apẹẹrẹ fun aṣẹ yii, jẹ ki a ro awọn faili meji:

[email :~# cat file1.txt

Hi My name is Tecmint
[email :~# cat file2.txt

Hi My name is tecmint [dot] com

Bayi, jẹ ki a ṣe afiwe awọn faili meji ki o wo iṣẹjade aṣẹ.

[email :~# cmp file1.txt file2.txt 

file1.txt file2.txt differ: byte 15, line 1

36. Commandfin: wget

Wget jẹ iwulo ọfẹ fun aiṣe ibanisọrọ (ie, le ṣiṣẹ ni abẹlẹ) gbigba awọn faili lati Wẹẹbu. O ṣe atilẹyin HTTP, HTTPS, awọn ilana FTP ati awọn aṣoju HTTP.

[email :~# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php/0.6.0/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2

--2013-05-22 18:54:52--  http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php/0.6.0/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php/0.6.0/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2 [following]
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37. Commandfin: òkè

Oke jẹ aṣẹ pataki eyiti o lo lati gbe eto faili kan ti ko gbe funrararẹ. O nilo igbanilaaye gbongbo lati gbe ẹrọ kan.

Ni akọkọ ṣiṣe 'lsblk' lẹhin ti o ṣafikun-sinu eto faili rẹ ki o ṣe idanimọ ẹrọ rẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi isalẹ orukọ ti a fi sọtọ ẹrọ rẹ.

[email :~# lsblk 

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT 
sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0 923.6G  0 part / 
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0   7.9G  0 part [SWAP] 
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
sdb      8:16   1   3.7G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   1   3.7G  0 part

Lati iboju yii o han gbangba pe Mo ti ṣafikun pendrive 4 GB bayi ‘sdb1’ ni eto faili mi lati gbe. Di gbongbo lati ṣe iṣẹ yii ki o yipada si/dev liana nibiti gbogbo faili faili ti wa ni gbigbe.

[email :~# su
Password:
[email :~# cd /dev

Ṣẹda itọsọna kan ti a darukọ ohunkohun ṣugbọn o yẹ ki o tun tu fun itọkasi.

[email :~# mkdir usb

Bayi gbe faili eto 'sdb1' si itọsọna 'usb'.

[email :~# mount /dev/sdb1 /dev/usb

Bayi o le lilö kiri si/dev/usb lati ebute tabi eto X-windows ati faili acess lati itọsọna ti a gbe.

38. Commandfin: gcc

gcc jẹ akopọ ti a ṣe sinu fun ‘c‘ ede ni Ayika Linux. Eto c ti o rọrun, ṣafipamọ rẹ lori tabili tabili ur bi Hello.c (ranti ‘.c‘ itẹsiwaju jẹ gbọdọ).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
  printf("Hello world\n");
  return 0;
}
[email :~# gcc Hello.c
[email :~# ./a.out 

Hello world

Akiyesi: Lori ikojọpọ eto c a ṣe ipilẹjade iṣelọpọ laifọwọyi si faili tuntun\"a.out" ati ni gbogbo igba ti o ba ṣajọ faili eto kanna c\"a.out" ti ni atunṣe. Nitorinaa o jẹ imọran ti o dara lati ṣalaye faili ti o wu lakoko ikojọpọ ati nitorinaa ko si eewu ti atunkọ si faili o wu.

[email :~# gcc -o Hello Hello.c

Nibi ‘-o‘ firanṣẹ iṣẹjade si ‘Kaabo’ faili kii ṣe ‘a.out’. Ṣiṣe o lẹẹkansi.

[email :~# ./Hello 

Hello world

39. Commandfin: g ++

g ++ jẹ akopọ ti a ṣe sinu fun 'C ++', ede siseto eto ohun akọkọ. Eto c + ti o rọrun, fi pamọ sori tabili ur bi Add.cpp (ranti ‘.cpp‘ itẹsiwaju jẹ gbọdọ).

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() 
    {
          int a;
          int b;
          cout<<"Enter first number:\n";
          cin >> a;
          cout <<"Enter the second number:\n";
          cin>> b;
          cin.ignore();
          int result = a + b;
          cout<<"Result is"<<"  "<<result<<endl;
          cin.get();
          return 0;
     }
[email :~# g++ Add.cpp
[email :~# ./a.out

Enter first number: 
...
...

Akiyesi: Lori ikojọpọ eto c ++ a ṣe ipilẹjade iṣelọpọ laifọwọyi si faili tuntun\"a.out" ati ni igbakugba ti o ba ṣajọ eto c ++ faili kanna\"a.out" ti ni atunṣe. Nitorinaa o jẹ imọran ti o dara lati ṣalaye faili ti o wu lakoko ikojọpọ ati nitorinaa ko si eewu ti atunkọ si faili o wu.

[email :~# g++ -o Add Add.cpp
[email :~# ./Add 

Enter first number: 
...
...

40. Commandfin: java

Java jẹ ọkan ninu ede siseto ti a lo ni agbaye ati pe o ni iyara, aabo, ati igbẹkẹle. Pupọ ninu iṣẹ orisun wẹẹbu ti oni nṣiṣẹ lori java.

Ṣẹda eto java ti o rọrun nipasẹ pipasẹ idanwo isalẹ si faili kan, ti a npè ni tecmint.java (ranti '.java' itẹsiwaju jẹ gbọdọ).

class tecmint {
  public static void main(String[] arguments) {
    System.out.println("Tecmint ");
  }
}
[email :~# javac tecmint.java
[email :~# java tecmint

Akiyesi: O fẹrẹ jẹ pe gbogbo pinpin wa ni akopọ pẹlu akopọ gcc, nọmba pataki ti awọn distros ni in-itumọ ti g ++ ati alakojo java, lakoko ti diẹ ninu wọn le ma ni. O le gbon tabi yum package ti a beere.

Maṣe gbagbe lati darukọ ọrọ rẹ ti o niyele ati iru nkan ti o fẹ lati rii nibi. Laipẹ Emi yoo pada wa pẹlu akọle ti o nifẹ nipa awọn otitọ ti o mọ diẹ nipa Lainos.