20 Awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe iṣe ti Awọn aṣẹ RPM ni Lainos

RPM (Oluṣakoso Package Red Hat) jẹ orisun ṣiṣi aiyipada ati iwulo iṣakoso package olokiki julọ fun awọn ọna ipilẹ Red Hat bii (RHEL, CentOS ati Fedora). Ọpa naa ngbanilaaye awọn alakoso eto ati awọn olumulo lati fi sori ẹrọ, imudojuiwọn, aifi si, ibeere, ṣayẹwo ati ṣakoso awọn idii sọfitiwia eto ni awọn ọna ṣiṣe Unix/Linux. RPM ti a mọ tẹlẹ bi faili .rpm, ti o pẹlu awọn eto sọfitiwia ti a ṣajọ ati awọn ile ikawe ti o nilo nipasẹ awọn idii. IwUlO yii n ṣiṣẹ nikan pẹlu awọn idii ti o kọ lori kika .rpm.

Nkan yii n pese diẹ ninu awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ RPM 20 ti o wulo ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ. Pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ rpm wọnyi o le ṣakoso lati fi sori ẹrọ, imudojuiwọn, yọ awọn idii ninu awọn eto Lainos rẹ.

Diẹ ninu Awọn Otitọ nipa RPM (RedHat Package Manager)

  1. RPM jẹ ọfẹ ati tu silẹ labẹ GPL (Iwe-aṣẹ Gbogbogbo Gbogbogbo).
  2. RPM n tọju alaye ti gbogbo awọn idii ti a fi sii labẹ/var/lib/rpm ibi ipamọ data.
  3. RPM ni ọna kan ṣoṣo lati fi awọn idii sii labẹ awọn eto Linux, ti o ba ti fi awọn idii sii nipa lilo koodu orisun, lẹhinna rpm kii yoo ṣakoso rẹ.
  4. RPM ṣe ajọṣepọ pẹlu awọn faili .rpm, eyiti o ni alaye gangan nipa awọn idii bii: kini o jẹ, lati ibiti o ti de, alaye igbẹkẹle, alaye ẹya ati bẹbẹ lọ.

Awọn ipo ipilẹ marun wa fun aṣẹ RPM

  1. Fi sori ẹrọ: O ti lo lati fi sori ẹrọ eyikeyi package RPM.
  2. Yọ: O ti lo lati paarẹ, yọkuro tabi fi sori ẹrọ eyikeyi package RPM.
  3. Igbesoke: O ti lo lati ṣe imudojuiwọn package RPM ti o wa.
  4. Ṣayẹwo: O ti lo lati jẹrisi awọn idii RPM kan.
  5. Ibeere: O ti lo ibeere eyikeyi package RPM.

Nibo ni lati wa awọn idii RPM

Ni isalẹ ni atokọ ti awọn aaye rpm, nibi ti o ti le wa ati ṣe igbasilẹ gbogbo awọn idii RPM.

  1. http://rpmfind.net
  2. http://www.redhat.com
  3. http://freshrpms.net/
  4. http://rpm.pbone.net/

Ka Tun:

  1. 20 YUM Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ ni Linux
  2. Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ Wget 10 ni Lainos
  3. 30 Ọpọlọpọ Awọn iwulo Linux to wulo fun Awọn alabojuto Eto

Jọwọ ranti o gbọdọ jẹ olumulo gbongbo nigbati o ba nfi awọn idii sii ni Lainos, pẹlu awọn anfani ipilẹ ti o le ṣakoso awọn aṣẹ rpm pẹlu awọn aṣayan wọn ti o yẹ.

1. Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Package Ibuwọlu RPM kan

Nigbagbogbo ṣayẹwo ibuwọlu PGP ti awọn idii ṣaaju fifi sori wọn lori awọn eto Lainos rẹ ati rii daju pe iduroṣinṣin ati orisun rẹ dara. Lo aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu aṣayan-ṣayẹwo (ibuwọlu ṣayẹwo) lati ṣayẹwo ibuwọlu ti package kan ti a pe ni pidgin.

 rpm --checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK

2. Bii o ṣe le Fi Package RPM sii

Fun fifi sori package sọfitiwia rpm, lo aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu aṣayan -i. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi sori ẹrọ package rpm ti a pe ni pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm.

 rpm -ivh pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:pidgin                 ########################################### [100%]

  1. -i: fi sori ẹrọ package kan
  2. -v: ọrọ-ọrọ fun ifihan ti o dara julọ
  3. -h: tẹ awọn ami elile tẹjade bi a ko ti ṣapa nkan inu iwe pamosi.

3. Bii o ṣe le ṣayẹwo awọn igbẹkẹle ti Package RPM ṣaaju Fifi

Jẹ ki a sọ pe iwọ yoo fẹ lati ṣe ayẹwo igbẹkẹle ṣaaju fifi sori ẹrọ tabi igbesoke. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lo aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣayẹwo awọn igbẹkẹle ti package BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm. Yoo han akojọ ti awọn igbẹkẹle ti package.

 rpm -qpR BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

/usr/bin/python2.4
python >= 2.3
python(abi) = 2.4
python-crypto >= 2.0
python-psyco
python-twisted >= 2.0
python-zopeinterface
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 2.6

  1. -q: Beere package kan
  2. -p: Awọn agbara atokọ ti package yii pese.
  3. -R: Awọn agbara atokọ lori eyiti package yii dale ..

4. Bii o ṣe le Fi Package RPM sii Laisi awọn igbẹkẹle

Ti o ba mọ pe gbogbo awọn idii ti o nilo ti wa tẹlẹ ti fi sii ati pe RPM jẹ aṣiwère, o le foju awọn igbẹkẹle wọnyẹn nipa lilo aṣayan-awọn ilana (ko si ayẹwo awọn igbẹkẹle) ṣaaju fifi package sii.

 rpm -ivh --nodeps BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:BitTorrent             ########################################### [100%]

Aṣẹ ti o wa loke fi agbara fi package rpm sii nipa gbigboju awọn aṣiṣe igbẹkẹle, ṣugbọn ti awọn faili igbẹkẹle wọnyẹn ba nsọnu, lẹhinna eto naa kii yoo ṣiṣẹ rara, titi ti o fi fi sii wọn.

5. Bii o ṣe le ṣayẹwo Package RPM Ti Fi sori ẹrọ

Lilo -q aṣayan pẹlu orukọ package, yoo fihan boya a fi rpm sii tabi rara.

 rpm -q BitTorrent

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch

6. Bii o ṣe le ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn faili ti package RPM ti a fi sii

Lati wo gbogbo awọn faili ti awọn idii rpm ti a fi sii, lo -ql (atokọ ibeere) pẹlu aṣẹ rpm.

 rpm -ql BitTorrent

/usr/bin/bittorrent
/usr/bin/bittorrent-console
/usr/bin/bittorrent-curses
/usr/bin/bittorrent-tracker
/usr/bin/changetracker-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-curses
/usr/bin/maketorrent
/usr/bin/maketorrent-console
/usr/bin/torrentinfo-console

7. Bii a ṣe le ṣe atokọ Laipẹ Awọn idii RPM

Lo pipaṣẹ rpm atẹle pẹlu aṣayan -qa (beere gbogbo rẹ), yoo ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn idii rpm ti a fi sii laipe.

 rpm -qa --last

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:14:06 PM BDT
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:13:51 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:06 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686             Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:05 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686         Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:04 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:03 PM BDT

8. Bii a ṣe le ṣe atokọ Gbogbo Awọn idii RPM ti a Fi sii

Tẹ iru aṣẹ atẹle lati tẹ gbogbo awọn orukọ ti awọn idii ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ Linux rẹ.

 rpm -qa

initscripts-9.03.31-2.el6.centos.i686
polkit-desktop-policy-0.96-2.el6_0.1.noarch
thunderbird-17.0-1.el6.remi.i686

9. Bii o ṣe le ṣe Igbesoke Package RPM kan

Ti a ba fẹ ṣe igbesoke eyikeyi package RPM “–U” (igbesoke) aṣayan yoo ṣee lo. Ọkan ninu awọn anfani akọkọ ti lilo aṣayan yii ni pe kii yoo ṣe igbesoke ẹya tuntun ti eyikeyi package, ṣugbọn yoo tun ṣetọju afẹyinti ti package atijọ nitori pe ti o ba jẹ pe igbesoke tuntun ti ko ni iṣakojọpọ ti a fi sori ẹrọ tẹlẹ le ṣee lo lẹẹkansi.

 rpm -Uvh nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:nx                     ########################################### [100%]

10. Bii o ṣe le Yọ Apo RPM kan

Lati un-fi sori ẹrọ package RPM kan, fun apẹẹrẹ a lo orukọ package naa nx, kii ṣe orukọ package atilẹba nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm. Aṣayan -e (nu) ti lo lati yọ package kuro.

 rpm -evv nx

11. Bii o ṣe le Yọ Apo RPM Laisi Awọn igbẹkẹle

Awọn aṣayan -nodeps (Maṣe ṣayẹwo awọn igbẹkẹle) ni agbara yọ package rpm kuro ninu eto naa. Ṣugbọn ni lokan yiyọ package pato le fọ awọn ohun elo miiran ti n ṣiṣẹ.

 rpm -ev --nodeps vsftpd

12. Bii o ṣe le ṣe ibeere faili ti o jẹ ti Package RPM

Jẹ ki a sọ, o ni atokọ awọn faili ati pe iwọ yoo fẹ lati wa iru package ti o jẹ ti awọn faili wọnyi. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu -qf (faili ibeere) aṣayan yoo fihan ọ faili kan/usr/bin/htpasswd jẹ tirẹ nipasẹ package httpd-irinṣẹ-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686.

 rpm -qf /usr/bin/htpasswd

httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686

13. Bii o ṣe le ṣe alaye Alaye ti Package RPM ti a Fi sii

Jẹ ki a sọ pe o ti fi package rpm sii ati pe o fẹ lati mọ alaye nipa package. Aṣayan -qi (alaye ibeere) alaye yoo tẹ alaye ti o wa ti package ti a fi sii.

 rpm -qi vsftpd

Name        : vsftpd				   Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 2.2.2				   Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 11.el6				   Build Date: Fri 22 Jun 2012 01:54:24 PM BDT
Install Date: Mon 17 Sep 2012 07:55:28 PM BDT      Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group       : System Environment/Daemons           Source RPM: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 351932                               License: GPLv2 with exceptions
Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Mon 25 Jun 2012 04:07:34 AM BDT, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
URL         : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
Summary     : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Description :
vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.

14. Gba Alaye ti RPM Package Ṣaaju Fifi

O ni igbasilẹ package kan lati intanẹẹti o fẹ lati mọ alaye ti package ṣaaju fifi sori ẹrọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣayan atẹle -qip (package alaye alaye) yoo tẹ alaye ti package sqlbuddy kan.

 rpm -qip sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

Name        : sqlbuddy                     Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 1.3.3                        Vendor: (none)
Release     : 1                            Build Date: Wed 02 Nov 2011 11:01:21 PM BDT
Install Date: (not installed)              Build Host: rpm.bar.baz
Group       : Applications/Internet        Source RPM: sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.src.rpm
Size        : 1155804                      License: MIT
Signature   : (none)
Packager    : Erik M Jacobs
URL         : http://www.sqlbuddy.com/
Summary     : SQL Buddy â Web based MySQL administration
Description :
SQLBuddy is a PHP script that allows for web-based MySQL administration.

15. Bii a ṣe le ṣe iwe ibeere ti Package RPM ti a Fi sori ẹrọ

Lati gba atokọ ti awọn iwe aṣẹ ti o wa ti package ti a fi sori ẹrọ, lo aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu aṣayan -qdf (faili iwe aṣẹ ibeere) yoo han awọn oju-iwe afọwọyi ti o ni ibatan si package vmstat.

 rpm -qdf /usr/bin/vmstat

/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING.LIB
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/TODO

16. Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Package RPM kan

Ṣiṣayẹwo package kan ṣe afiwe alaye ti awọn faili ti a fi sii ti package lodi si ibi ipamọ data rpm. A lo -Vp (ṣayẹwo ijẹrisi naa) lati jẹrisi package kan.

 rpm -Vp sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

S.5....T.  c /etc/httpd/conf.d/sqlbuddy.conf

17. Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo gbogbo Awọn idii RPM

Tẹ iru aṣẹ wọnyi lati jẹrisi gbogbo awọn idii rpm ti a fi sii.

 rpm -Va

S.5....T.  c /etc/rc.d/rc.local
.......T.  c /etc/dnsmasq.conf
.......T.    /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-279.5.2.el6.i686.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

18. Bii a ṣe le gbe bọtini GPG RPM wọle

Lati ṣayẹwo awọn idii RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, o gbọdọ gbe bọtini GPG wọle. Lati ṣe bẹ, ṣiṣẹ aṣẹ wọnyi. Yoo mu bọtini CentOS 6 GPG wọle.

 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

19. Bii a ṣe le ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn bọtini RPM GPG ti o wọle

Lati tẹ gbogbo awọn bọtini GPG ti a ko wọle wọle ninu ẹrọ rẹ, lo aṣẹ atẹle.

 rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f
gpg-pubkey-0f2672c8-4cd950ee
gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-849c449f-4cb9df30

20. Bii o ṣe le Tun ipilẹ data RP ti bajẹ

Nigba miiran ibi ipamọ data rpm di ibajẹ ati da gbogbo iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti rpm ati awọn ohun elo miiran lori eto naa. Nitorinaa, ni akoko a nilo lati tun kọ data rpm pada ki o mu pada pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ atẹle.

 cd /var/lib
 rm __db*
 rpm --rebuilddb
 rpmdb_verify Packages