Bii a ṣe le ṣetọju Iṣẹ Olumulo pẹlu psacct tabi acct Awọn irinṣẹ


psacct tabi acct awọn mejeeji jẹ ohun elo orisun ṣiṣi fun ibojuwo awọn iṣẹ awọn olumulo lori eto naa. Awọn ohun elo wọnyi n ṣiṣẹ ni abẹlẹ ati tọju abala iṣẹ awọn olumulo kọọkan lori eto rẹ bii iru awọn orisun ti n jẹ.

Emi tikalararẹ lo eto yii ni ile-iṣẹ wa, a ni ẹgbẹ idagbasoke nibiti awọn olupilẹṣẹ wa ntẹsiwaju ṣiṣẹ lori awọn olupin. Nitorinaa, eyi jẹ ọkan ninu eto ti o dara julọ lati tọju oju wọn. Eto yii n pese ọna ti o dara julọ lati ṣe atẹle ohun ti awọn olumulo n ṣe, awọn aṣẹ wo ni wọn n yinbọn, bawo ni awọn orisun wọn ṣe n jẹ wọn, bawo ni awọn olumulo ti n ṣiṣẹ to pẹ to Ẹya nla miiran ti eto yii ni pe o fun awọn orisun lapapọ ti awọn iṣẹ bii Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH abbl.

Mo ro pe eyi jẹ ọkan ninu nla ati pe o nilo ohun elo fun gbogbo Awọn alakoso Iṣakoso Linux/Unix, ti o fẹ lati tọju abala awọn iṣẹ olumulo lori awọn olupin/awọn ọna ṣiṣe wọn.

Papacct tabi acct package pese awọn ẹya pupọ fun awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe ibojuwo.

  1. aṣẹ aṣẹ tẹ awọn iṣiro ti awọn ibuwolu wọle olumulo/jade (so akoko pọ) ni awọn wakati.
  2. pipaṣẹ lastcomm tẹ awọn alaye ti awọn ofin ti a ti ṣiṣẹ tẹlẹ ti olumulo.
  3. awọn aṣẹ accton ni a lo lati tan/pa ilana fun iṣiro.
  4. pipaṣẹ sa ṣe akopọ alaye ti awọn ofin ti a ti ṣẹ tẹlẹ.
  5. kẹhin ati lastb awọn aṣẹ fihan atokọ ti ibuwolu wọle kẹhin ninu awọn olumulo.

Fifi psacct sii tabi Awọn idii acct

psacct tabi acct mejeeji jẹ awọn idii kanna ati pe ko si iyatọ pupọ laarin wọn, ṣugbọn package psacct nikan wa fun awọn pinpin rpm ti o da lori bii RHEL, CentOS ati Fedora, lakoko ti package acct wa fun awọn pinpin bi Ubuntu, Debian ati Linux Mint.

Lati fi sori ẹrọ package psacct labẹ awọn pinpin kaakiri rpm ṣe ipinfunni yum atẹle.

# yum install psacct

Lati fi package acct sii nipa lilo pipaṣẹ-gba labẹ Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.

$ sudo apt-get install acct

OR

# apt-get install acct

Nipa aiyipada iṣẹ psacct wa ni ipo alaabo ati pe o nilo lati bẹrẹ pẹlu ọwọ labẹ awọn eto RHEL/CentOS/Fedora. Lo aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ.

# /etc/init.d/psacct status
Process accounting is disabled.

O wo ipo ti o fihan bi alaabo, nitorinaa jẹ ki a bẹrẹ pẹlu ọwọ nipa lilo awọn ofin mejeeji wọnyi. Awọn ofin meji wọnyi yoo ṣẹda faili/var/iroyin/pacct ati bẹrẹ awọn iṣẹ.

# chkconfig psacct on
# /etc/init.d/psacct start
Starting process accounting:                               [  OK  ]

Lẹhin ti o bẹrẹ iṣẹ, ṣayẹwo ipo lẹẹkansi, iwọ yoo gba ipo bi o ti ṣiṣẹ bi o ṣe han ni isalẹ.

# /etc/init.d/psacct status
Process accounting is enabled.

Labẹ Ubuntu, iṣẹ Debian ati Mint ti bẹrẹ laifọwọyi, iwọ ko nilo lati bẹrẹ lẹẹkansi.

ac aṣẹ laisi ṣalaye eyikeyi ariyanjiyan yoo han awọn iṣiro lapapọ ti akoko isopọ ni awọn wakati ti o da lori awọn ibuwolu wọle olumulo/awọn ami lati faili wtmp lọwọlọwọ.

# ac
total     1814.03

Lilo pipaṣẹ “ac -d” yoo tẹ jade akoko iwọle lapapọ ninu awọn wakati nipasẹ ọlọgbọn ọjọ.

# ac -d
Sep 17  total        5.23
Sep 18  total       15.20
Sep 24  total        3.21
Sep 25  total        2.27
Sep 26  total        2.64
Sep 27  total        6.19
Oct  1  total        6.41
Oct  3  total        2.42
Oct  4  total        2.52
Oct  5  total        6.11
Oct  8  total       12.98
Oct  9  total       22.65
Oct 11  total       16.18

Lilo pipaṣẹ “ac -p” yoo tẹ akoko wiwọle lapapọ ti olumulo kọọkan ni awọn wakati.

# ac -p
        root                              1645.18
        tecmint                            168.96
        total     1814.14

Lati gba akoko awọn iṣiro iṣiro wiwọle lapapọ ti olumulo “tecmint” ni awọn wakati, lo aṣẹ bi.

# ac tecmint
 total      168.96

Aṣẹ atẹle yoo tẹjade akoko iwọle lapapọ-ọjọ ọlọgbọn olumulo ti “tecmint” ni awọn wakati.

# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11  total        8.01
Oct 12  total       24.00
Oct 15  total       70.50
Oct 16  total       23.57
Oct 17  total       24.00
Oct 18  total       18.70
Nov 20  total        0.18

A lo aṣẹ “sa” lati tẹjade akopọ awọn aṣẹ ti awọn olumulo ṣe.

# sa
       2       9.86re       0.00cp     2466k   sshd*
       8       1.05re       0.00cp     1064k   man
       2      10.08re       0.00cp     2562k   sshd
      12       0.00re       0.00cp     1298k   psacct
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1575k   troff
      14       0.00re       0.00cp      503k   ac
      10       0.00re       0.00cp     1264k   psacct*
      10       0.00re       0.00cp      466k   consoletype
       9       0.00re       0.00cp      509k   sa
       8       0.02re       0.00cp      769k   udisks-helper-a
       6       0.00re       0.00cp     1057k   touch
       6       0.00re       0.00cp      592k   gzip
       6       0.00re       0.00cp      465k   accton
       4       1.05re       0.00cp     1264k   sh*
       4       0.00re       0.00cp     1264k   nroff*
       2       1.05re       0.00cp     1264k   sh
       2       1.05re       0.00cp     1120k   less
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1346k   groff
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1383k   grotty
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1053k   mktemp
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1030k   iconv
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1023k   rm
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1020k   cat
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1018k   locale
       2       0.00re       0.00cp      802k   gtbl

  1. 9.86re jẹ “akoko gidi” bi fun awọn iṣẹju aago ogiri
  2. 0.01cp jẹ apao eto/akoko olumulo ni awọn iṣẹju cpu
  3. 2466k jẹ lilo cpu-akoko apapọ lilo aarin, ie awọn ẹya 1k
  4. orukọ pipaṣẹ sshd

Lati gba alaye ti olumulo kọọkan, lo awọn aṣayan -u.

# sa -u
root       0.00 cpu      465k mem accton
root       0.00 cpu     1057k mem touch
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu      465k mem accton
root       0.00 cpu     1057k mem touch

Aṣẹ yii tẹ nọmba lapapọ ti awọn ilana ati awọn iṣẹju Sipiyu. Ti o ba rii ilọsiwaju ilosiwaju ninu awọn nọmba wọnyi, lẹhinna akoko rẹ lati wo inu eto nipa ohun ti n ṣẹlẹ.

# sa -m
sshd                                    2       9.86re       0.00cp     2466k
root                                  127      14.29re       0.00cp      909k

Aṣẹ “sa -c” ṣe afihan ipin ogorun ti o ga julọ ti awọn olumulo.

# sa -c
 132  100.00%      24.16re  100.00%       0.01cp  100.00%      923k
       2    1.52%       9.86re   40.83%       0.00cp   53.33%     2466k   sshd*
       8    6.06%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp   20.00%     1064k   man
       2    1.52%      10.08re   41.73%       0.00cp   13.33%     2562k   sshd
      12    9.09%       0.00re    0.01%       0.00cp    6.67%     1298k   psacct
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    6.67%     1575k   troff
      18   13.64%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      509k   sa
      14   10.61%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      503k   ac
      10    7.58%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   psacct*
      10    7.58%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      466k   consoletype
       8    6.06%       0.02re    0.07%       0.00cp    0.00%      769k   udisks-helper-a
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1057k   touch
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      592k   gzip
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      465k   accton
       4    3.03%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   sh*
       4    3.03%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   nroff*
       2    1.52%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   sh
       2    1.52%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1120k   less
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1346k   groff
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1383k   grotty
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1053k   mktemp

A lo aṣẹ 'latcomm' lati wa ati iṣafihan alaye pipaṣẹ olumulo ti a ti ṣiṣẹ tẹlẹ. O tun le wa awọn aṣẹ ti awọn orukọ olumulo kọọkan. Fun apẹẹrẹ, a rii awọn aṣẹ ti olumulo (tecmint).

# lastcomm tecmint
su                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
grep                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
grep                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
dircolors               tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
tput                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
tty                     tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56

Pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ kẹhincomm iwọ yoo ni anfani lati wo lilo ti ara ẹni ti awọn aṣẹ kọọkan.

# lastcomm ls
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56