Bii a ṣe le ṣetọju Iṣẹ Olumulo pẹlu psacct tabi acct Awọn irinṣẹ
psacct tabi acct awọn mejeeji jẹ ohun elo orisun ṣiṣi fun ibojuwo awọn iṣẹ awọn olumulo lori eto naa. Awọn ohun elo wọnyi n ṣiṣẹ ni abẹlẹ ati tọju abala iṣẹ awọn olumulo kọọkan lori eto rẹ bii iru awọn orisun ti n jẹ.
Emi tikalararẹ lo eto yii ni ile-iṣẹ wa, a ni ẹgbẹ idagbasoke nibiti awọn olupilẹṣẹ wa ntẹsiwaju ṣiṣẹ lori awọn olupin. Nitorinaa, eyi jẹ ọkan ninu eto ti o dara julọ lati tọju oju wọn. Eto yii n pese ọna ti o dara julọ lati ṣe atẹle ohun ti awọn olumulo n ṣe, awọn aṣẹ wo ni wọn n yinbọn, bawo ni awọn orisun wọn ṣe n jẹ wọn, bawo ni awọn olumulo ti n ṣiṣẹ to pẹ to Ẹya nla miiran ti eto yii ni pe o fun awọn orisun lapapọ ti awọn iṣẹ bii Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH abbl.
Mo ro pe eyi jẹ ọkan ninu nla ati pe o nilo ohun elo fun gbogbo Awọn alakoso Iṣakoso Linux/Unix, ti o fẹ lati tọju abala awọn iṣẹ olumulo lori awọn olupin/awọn ọna ṣiṣe wọn.
Papacct tabi acct package pese awọn ẹya pupọ fun awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe ibojuwo.
- aṣẹ aṣẹ tẹ awọn iṣiro ti awọn ibuwolu wọle olumulo/jade (so akoko pọ) ni awọn wakati. pipaṣẹ lastcomm tẹ awọn alaye ti awọn ofin ti a ti ṣiṣẹ tẹlẹ ti olumulo.
- awọn aṣẹ accton ni a lo lati tan/pa ilana fun iṣiro. pipaṣẹ sa ṣe akopọ alaye ti awọn ofin ti a ti ṣẹ tẹlẹ.
- kẹhin ati lastb awọn aṣẹ fihan atokọ ti ibuwolu wọle kẹhin ninu awọn olumulo.
Fifi psacct sii tabi Awọn idii acct
psacct tabi acct mejeeji jẹ awọn idii kanna ati pe ko si iyatọ pupọ laarin wọn, ṣugbọn package psacct nikan wa fun awọn pinpin rpm ti o da lori bii RHEL, CentOS ati Fedora, lakoko ti package acct wa fun awọn pinpin bi Ubuntu, Debian ati Linux Mint.
Lati fi sori ẹrọ package psacct labẹ awọn pinpin kaakiri rpm ṣe ipinfunni yum atẹle.
# yum install psacct
Lati fi package acct sii nipa lilo pipaṣẹ-gba labẹ Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.
$ sudo apt-get install acct OR # apt-get install acct
Nipa aiyipada iṣẹ psacct wa ni ipo alaabo ati pe o nilo lati bẹrẹ pẹlu ọwọ labẹ awọn eto RHEL/CentOS/Fedora. Lo aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ.
# /etc/init.d/psacct status Process accounting is disabled.
O wo ipo ti o fihan bi alaabo, nitorinaa jẹ ki a bẹrẹ pẹlu ọwọ nipa lilo awọn ofin mejeeji wọnyi. Awọn ofin meji wọnyi yoo ṣẹda faili/var/iroyin/pacct ati bẹrẹ awọn iṣẹ.
# chkconfig psacct on # /etc/init.d/psacct start Starting process accounting: [ OK ]
Lẹhin ti o bẹrẹ iṣẹ, ṣayẹwo ipo lẹẹkansi, iwọ yoo gba ipo bi o ti ṣiṣẹ bi o ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# /etc/init.d/psacct status Process accounting is enabled.
Labẹ Ubuntu, iṣẹ Debian ati Mint ti bẹrẹ laifọwọyi, iwọ ko nilo lati bẹrẹ lẹẹkansi.
ac aṣẹ laisi ṣalaye eyikeyi ariyanjiyan yoo han awọn iṣiro lapapọ ti akoko isopọ ni awọn wakati ti o da lori awọn ibuwolu wọle olumulo/awọn ami lati faili wtmp lọwọlọwọ.
# ac
total 1814.03
Lilo pipaṣẹ “ac -d” yoo tẹ jade akoko iwọle lapapọ ninu awọn wakati nipasẹ ọlọgbọn ọjọ.
# ac -d
Sep 17 total 5.23 Sep 18 total 15.20 Sep 24 total 3.21 Sep 25 total 2.27 Sep 26 total 2.64 Sep 27 total 6.19 Oct 1 total 6.41 Oct 3 total 2.42 Oct 4 total 2.52 Oct 5 total 6.11 Oct 8 total 12.98 Oct 9 total 22.65 Oct 11 total 16.18
Lilo pipaṣẹ “ac -p” yoo tẹ akoko wiwọle lapapọ ti olumulo kọọkan ni awọn wakati.
# ac -p
root 1645.18 tecmint 168.96 total 1814.14
Lati gba akoko awọn iṣiro iṣiro wiwọle lapapọ ti olumulo “tecmint” ni awọn wakati, lo aṣẹ bi.
# ac tecmint
total 168.96
Aṣẹ atẹle yoo tẹjade akoko iwọle lapapọ-ọjọ ọlọgbọn olumulo ti “tecmint” ni awọn wakati.
# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11 total 8.01 Oct 12 total 24.00 Oct 15 total 70.50 Oct 16 total 23.57 Oct 17 total 24.00 Oct 18 total 18.70 Nov 20 total 0.18
A lo aṣẹ “sa” lati tẹjade akopọ awọn aṣẹ ti awọn olumulo ṣe.
# sa
2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k sshd* 8 1.05re 0.00cp 1064k man 2 10.08re 0.00cp 2562k sshd 12 0.00re 0.00cp 1298k psacct 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1575k troff 14 0.00re 0.00cp 503k ac 10 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k psacct* 10 0.00re 0.00cp 466k consoletype 9 0.00re 0.00cp 509k sa 8 0.02re 0.00cp 769k udisks-helper-a 6 0.00re 0.00cp 1057k touch 6 0.00re 0.00cp 592k gzip 6 0.00re 0.00cp 465k accton 4 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh* 4 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k nroff* 2 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh 2 1.05re 0.00cp 1120k less 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1346k groff 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1383k grotty 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1053k mktemp 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1030k iconv 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1023k rm 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1020k cat 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1018k locale 2 0.00re 0.00cp 802k gtbl
- 9.86re jẹ “akoko gidi” bi fun awọn iṣẹju aago ogiri
- 0.01cp jẹ apao eto/akoko olumulo ni awọn iṣẹju cpu
- 2466k jẹ lilo cpu-akoko apapọ lilo aarin, ie awọn ẹya 1k
- orukọ pipaṣẹ sshd
Lati gba alaye ti olumulo kọọkan, lo awọn aṣayan -u.
# sa -u
root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch
Aṣẹ yii tẹ nọmba lapapọ ti awọn ilana ati awọn iṣẹju Sipiyu. Ti o ba rii ilọsiwaju ilosiwaju ninu awọn nọmba wọnyi, lẹhinna akoko rẹ lati wo inu eto nipa ohun ti n ṣẹlẹ.
# sa -m
sshd 2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k root 127 14.29re 0.00cp 909k
Aṣẹ “sa -c” ṣe afihan ipin ogorun ti o ga julọ ti awọn olumulo.
# sa -c
132 100.00% 24.16re 100.00% 0.01cp 100.00% 923k 2 1.52% 9.86re 40.83% 0.00cp 53.33% 2466k sshd* 8 6.06% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 20.00% 1064k man 2 1.52% 10.08re 41.73% 0.00cp 13.33% 2562k sshd 12 9.09% 0.00re 0.01% 0.00cp 6.67% 1298k psacct 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 6.67% 1575k troff 18 13.64% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 509k sa 14 10.61% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 503k ac 10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k psacct* 10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 466k consoletype 8 6.06% 0.02re 0.07% 0.00cp 0.00% 769k udisks-helper-a 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1057k touch 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 592k gzip 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 465k accton 4 3.03% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh* 4 3.03% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k nroff* 2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh 2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1120k less 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1346k groff 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1383k grotty 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1053k mktemp
A lo aṣẹ 'latcomm' lati wa ati iṣafihan alaye pipaṣẹ olumulo ti a ti ṣiṣẹ tẹlẹ. O tun le wa awọn aṣẹ ti awọn orukọ olumulo kọọkan. Fun apẹẹrẹ, a rii awọn aṣẹ ti olumulo (tecmint).
# lastcomm tecmint
su tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 dircolors tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tput tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tty tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ kẹhincomm iwọ yoo ni anfani lati wo lilo ti ara ẹni ti awọn aṣẹ kọọkan.
# lastcomm ls
ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56