Mu Awọn imudojuiwọn Package kan ṣiṣẹ nipa lilo YUM ni RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
YUM (Yellowdog Updater títúnṣe) jẹ eto ṣiṣii iṣakoso aiyipada orisun orisun fun ọpọlọpọ awọn eroja Linux bi RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), CentOS (Ẹrọ Ṣiṣẹ Idawọle Agbegbe) ati Fedora. A lo ohun elo YUM sori ẹrọ, igbesoke, yọ awọn idii orisun rpm kuro lati awọn ibi ipamọ pinpin ni awọn ọna ṣiṣe.
Ṣugbọn nigbakan a ko fẹ ṣe imudojuiwọn awọn idii kan gẹgẹbi Apache Server (HTTP), MySQL, PHP ati awọn ohun elo pataki miiran, nitori ti iru awọn imudojuiwọn ba le ṣe ipalara ohun elo wẹẹbu lọwọlọwọ lori olupin tabi o le da awọn imudojuiwọn duro titi ohun elo naa yoo fi di abẹrẹ. pẹlu awọn imudojuiwọn titun.
Ninu nkan yii a yoo fihan ọ bi a ṣe le ṣe iyasọtọ (mu) awọn imudojuiwọn package kan nipa lilo YUMtool. A le ṣe iyasọtọ tabi mu awọn imudojuiwọn package kan lati eyikeyi awọn ibi ipamọ ẹnikẹta. Sisọki iyasoto yoo jẹ bi atẹle.
exclude=package package1 packages*
Itumọ ti o wa loke yoo ṣe iyasọtọ “package”, “package1” ati atokọ ti awọn imudojuiwọn “package” tabi awọn fifi sori ẹrọ. Koko-ọrọ kọọkan yẹ ki o pin pẹlu aaye fun imukuro awọn idii.
Bii o ṣe le yọ Awọn idii kuro ni YUM
Lati ṣe iyasọtọ (mu) awọn imudojuiwọn package kan pato, Ṣii faili ti a pe ni /etc/yum.conf pẹlu yiyan aṣatunṣe rẹ.
# vi /etc/yum.conf
Ṣafikun laini atẹle ni isalẹ faili naa pẹlu ọrọ iyasoto bi o ti han ni isalẹ.
[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release # This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct # information. # It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this). # metadata_expire=90m # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=httpd php mysql
Ninu apẹẹrẹ ti o wa loke, iyasọtọ laini yoo mu awọn imudojuiwọn mu fun awọn idii “httpd” “php” ati “mysql”. Jẹ ki a gbiyanju fifi sori ẹrọ tabi mimuṣe ọkan ninu wọn ni lilo aṣẹ YUM bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# yum update httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.0 kB 00:00 updates | 3.5 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 2.7 MB 00:16 Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update
Bii o ṣe le yọ Awọn idii kuro lati EPEL Repo
Lati ṣe iyasọtọ awọn fifi sori ẹrọ tabi awọn imudojuiwọn lati ibi ipamọ EPEL, lẹhinna ṣii faili ti a pe ni /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
Ṣafikun laini iyasoto nipasẹ sisọ awọn idii lati ṣe iyasọtọ lati awọn imudojuiwọn.
[epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=perl php python
Bayi gbiyanju lati mu awọn faili ti o wa loke loke lati ibi ipamọ EPEL nipa lilo pipaṣẹ YUM.
# yum --enablerepo=epel update perl php python
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.hns.net.in * epel: ftp.kddilabs.jp * extras: mirrors.hns.net.in * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update
O tun le lo aṣayan laini aṣẹ yum lati ṣe iyasọtọ package laisi fifi kun si awọn faili ibi ipamọ.
# yum --exclude=httpd update
Lati ṣe iyasọtọ akojọ awọn idii, lo aṣẹ bi atẹle.
# yum --exclude=mysql\* --exclude=httpd\* update
Ni ọna yii o le ṣe iyasọtọ awọn imudojuiwọn fun eyikeyi awọn idii ti o fẹ. Ọpọlọpọ awọn ọna miiran lo wa ti o le ṣe, fun apẹẹrẹ, laipẹ a ti ṣajọ nkan lori awọn ọna iwulo 4 ti o wulo lati dènà/mu tabi tiipa awọn idii kan nipa lilo aṣẹ yum ni Linux, o yẹ ki o ka eyi nibi: