18 Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ Tar ni Linux
Lainos “tar” duro fun iwe-akọọlẹ teepu, eyiti o lo nipasẹ nọmba nla ti awọn alakoso eto Linux/Unix lati ṣe pẹlu afẹyinti awakọ teepu. Aṣẹ oda naa lo lati fọ akojọpọ awọn faili ati awọn ilana ilana sinu faili iwe pamosi ti o pọ julọ ti a npe ni tarball tabi oda, gzip ati bzip ni Linux. Oda naa jẹ aṣẹ ti a lo ni ibigbogbo lati ṣẹda awọn faili iwe ifunpa ati pe o le ṣee gbe ni rọọrun lati disk kan si disiki miiran tabi ẹrọ si ẹrọ.
Ninu nkan yii, a yoo lọ ṣe atunyẹwo ki o jiroro ọpọlọpọ awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ oda pẹlu bii o ṣe le ṣẹda awọn faili iwe ni lilo ifunpa (tar, tar.gz, ati tar.bz2), bii o ṣe le fa faili faili jade, fa jade faili kan, wo akoonu ti faili naa, ṣayẹwo faili kan, ṣafikun awọn faili tabi awọn ilana-ilana si faili ile ifi nkan pamosi, ṣe iṣiro iwọn ti faili iwe pamosi, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Idi akọkọ ti itọsọna yii ni lati pese ọpọlọpọ awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ oda ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati loye ki o di amoye ni ifọwọyi ile ifi nkan pamosi.
Aṣẹ apẹẹrẹ ti isalẹ yoo ṣẹda faili faili pamosi tecmint-14-09-12.tar fun itọsọna/ile/tecmint ninu ilana iṣẹ lọwọlọwọ. Wo aṣẹ apẹẹrẹ ni iṣẹ.
# tar -cvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar /home/tecmint/ /home/tecmint/ /home/tecmint/cleanfiles.sh /home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar /home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm /home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
Jẹ ki a jiroro aṣayan kọọkan ti a lo ninu aṣẹ loke lati ṣẹda faili iwe-akọọlẹ oda kan.
- c - Ṣẹda faili faili .tar tuntun kan.
- v - Verbosely fihan ilọsiwaju faili .tar.
- f - Iru orukọ faili ti faili ile-iwe.
Lati ṣẹda faili faili gzip ti a fisinuirindigbindigbin a lo aṣayan bi z. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ isalẹ yoo ṣẹda faili fisinuirindigbindigbin MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz fun itọsọna/ile/MyImages. (Akiyesi: tar.gz ati tgz mejeji jọra).
# tar cvzf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz /home/MyImages OR # tar cvzf MyImages-14-09-12.tgz /home/MyImages /home/MyImages/ /home/MyImages/Sara-Khan-and-model-Priyanka-Shah.jpg /home/MyImages/RobertKristenviolent101201.jpg /home/MyImages/Justintimerlake101125.jpg /home/MyImages/Mileyphoto101203.jpg /home/MyImages/JenniferRobert101130.jpg /home/MyImages/katrinabarbiedoll231110.jpg /home/MyImages/the-japanese-wife-press-conference.jpg /home/MyImages/ReesewitherspoonCIA101202.jpg /home/MyImages/yanaguptabaresf231110.jpg
Awọn ifunmọ ẹya bz2 ati ṣẹda faili iwe ile-iwe ti o kere si iwọn ti gzip. Ifunpọ bz2 gba akoko diẹ sii lati funmorawọn ati decompress awọn faili ju gzip, eyiti o gba akoko to kere. Lati ṣẹda faili oda ti a fisinuirindigbindigbin a lo aṣayan j. Apẹẹrẹ apẹẹrẹ atẹle yoo ṣẹda faili Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 fun itọsọna/ile/php. (Akiyesi: tar.bz2 ati tbz jẹ iru si tb2).
# tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 /home/php OR # tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.tbz /home/php OR # tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.tb2 /home/php /home/php/ /home/php/iframe_ew.php /home/php/videos_all.php /home/php/rss.php /home/php/index.php /home/php/vendor.php /home/php/video_title.php /home/php/report.php /home/php/object.html /home/php/video.php
Lati ṣii tabi fa jade faili oda, kan fun aṣẹ atẹle ni lilo aṣayan x (jade). Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo ṣii faili public_html-14-09-12.tar ninu ilana ṣiṣe lọwọlọwọ. Ti o ba fẹ ṣii ni itọsọna miiran lẹhinna lo aṣayan bi -C (itọsọna ti o ṣalaye).
## Untar files in Current Directory ## # tar -xvf public_html-14-09-12.tar ## Untar files in specified Directory ## # tar -xvf public_html-14-09-12.tar -C /home/public_html/videos/ /home/public_html/videos/ /home/public_html/videos/views.php /home/public_html/videos/index.php /home/public_html/videos/logout.php /home/public_html/videos/all_categories.php /home/public_html/videos/feeds.xml
Lati Uncompress tar.gz faili ile-iwe, o kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle. Ti a ba fẹ lati ṣii ni awọn ilana oriṣiriṣi, kan lo aṣayan -C ati ọna itọsọna, bi a ṣe han ninu apẹẹrẹ loke.
# tar -xvf thumbnails-14-09-12.tar.gz /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/ /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/katdeepika231110.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/katrinabarbiedoll231110.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/onceuponatime101125.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/playbutton.png /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/ReesewitherspoonCIA101202.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/snagItNarration.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Minissha-Lamba.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Lindsaydance101201.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Mileyphoto101203.jpg
Lati Uncompress faili tar.bz2 ti a fisinuirindigbindigbin, kan lo aṣẹ atẹle. Apẹẹrẹ apẹẹrẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo ṣii gbogbo awọn faili .flv lati faili faili.
# tar -xvf videos-14-09-12.tar.bz2 /home/public_html/videos/flv/katrinabarbiedoll231110.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/BrookmuellerCIA101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/dollybackinbb4101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/JenniferRobert101130.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/JustinAwardmovie101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Lakme-Fashion-Week.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Mileyphoto101203.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Minissha-Lamba.flv
Lati ṣe atokọ awọn akoonu ti faili akọọlẹ oda, kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu aṣayan t (akoonu atokọ). Aṣẹ isalẹ yoo ṣe atokọ akoonu ti faili uploadprogress.tar.
# tar -tvf uploadprogress.tar -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 2276 2011-08-15 18:51:10 package2.xml -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 7877 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/index.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1685 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/server.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1697 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/info.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 367 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/config.m4 -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 303 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/config.w32 -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 3563 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/php_uploadprogress.h -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 15433 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/uploadprogress.c -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1433 2011-08-15 18:51:10 package.xml
Lo pipaṣẹ wọnyi lati ṣe atokọ akoonu ti faili tar.gz naa.
# tar -tvf staging.linux-console.net.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-30 04:03:57 staging.linux-console.net-access_log -rw-r--r-- root/root 587 2012-08-29 18:35:12 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.1 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2012-01-21 07:17:56 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.2 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2011-12-21 11:30:56 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.3 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2011-11-20 17:28:24 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.4 -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-30 04:03:57 staging.linux-console.net-error_log -rw-r--r-- root/root 3981 2012-08-29 18:35:12 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.1 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2012-01-21 07:17:56 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.2 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2011-12-21 11:30:56 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.3 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2011-11-20 17:28:24 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.4
Lati ṣe atokọ akoonu ti faili tar.bz2, gbekalẹ aṣẹ atẹle.
# tar -tvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 1751 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/iframe_ew.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 11220 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/videos_all.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2152 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/rss.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 3021 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/index.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2554 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/vendor.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 406 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/video_title.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 4116 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/report.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 1273 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/object.html
Lati jade faili kan ti a pe ni cleanfiles.sh lati cleanfiles.sh.tar lo pipaṣẹ wọnyi.
# tar -xvf cleanfiles.sh.tar cleanfiles.sh OR # tar --extract --file=cleanfiles.sh.tar cleanfiles.sh cleanfiles.sh
Lati jade faili kan tecmintbackup.xml lati faili faili tecmintbackup.tar.gz, lo aṣẹ gẹgẹbi atẹle.
# tar -zxvf tecmintbackup.tar.gz tecmintbackup.xml OR # tar --extract --file=tecmintbackup.tar.gz tecmintbackup.xml tecmintbackup.xml
Lati jade faili kan ti a pe ni index.php lati faili Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 lo aṣayan atẹle.
# tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 home/php/index.php OR # tar --extract --file=Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 /home/php/index.php /home/php/index.php
Lati jade tabi ṣii awọn faili pupọ lati oda, tar.gz, ati faili iwe itan tar.bz2. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo jade “faili 1” “faili 2” lati awọn faili ile-iwe.
# tar -xvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar "file1" "file2" # tar -zxvf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz "file1" "file2" # tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 "file1" "file2"
Lati jade ẹgbẹ awọn faili kan a lo orisun kaadi iranti yiyo. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fa jade ẹgbẹ kan ti gbogbo awọn faili ti apẹẹrẹ bẹrẹ pẹlu .php lati ori oda, tar.gz, ati faili iwe itan tar.bz2.
# tar -xvf Phpfiles-org.tar --wildcards '*.php' # tar -zxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.gz --wildcards '*.php' # tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 --wildcards '*.php' /home/php/iframe_ew.php /home/php/videos_all.php /home/php/rss.php /home/php/index.php /home/php/vendor.php /home/php/video_title.php /home/php/report.php /home/php/video.php
Lati ṣafikun awọn faili tabi awọn ilana-ilana si awọn faili iwe akọọlẹ oda ti o wa tẹlẹ a lo aṣayan r (fikun). Fun apẹẹrẹ, a fi faili xyz.txt ati php itọsọna sii faili faili ti tecmint-14-09-12.tar ti o wa tẹlẹ.
# tar -rvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar xyz.txt # tar -rvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar php drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 02:24:21 home/tecmint/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 15740615 2012-09-15 02:23:42 home/tecmint/cleanfiles.sh -rw-r--r-- root/root 863726 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root 21063680 2012-09-15 02:24:21 home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar -rw-r--r-- root/root 4437600 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- root/root 12680 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-18 19:11:04 xyz.txt drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 1751 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/iframe_ew.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 11220 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/videos_all.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2152 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/rss.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 3021 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/index.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2554 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/vendor.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 406 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/video_title.php
Aṣẹ oda ko ni aṣayan lati ṣafikun awọn faili tabi awọn ilana-ilana si fis.gz fisinuirindigbindigbin faili ati faili faili tar.bz2. Ti a ba gbiyanju yoo gba aṣiṣe wọnyi.
# tar -rvf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz xyz.txt # tar -rvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 xyz.txt tar: This does not look like a tar archive tar: Skipping to next header xyz.txt tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
Lati jẹrisi eyikeyi oda tabi fisinuirindigbindigbin faili ti a lo aṣayan W (ṣayẹwo). Lati ṣe eyi, kan lo awọn apẹẹrẹ atẹle ti awọn ofin. (Akiyesi: O ko le ṣe ijerisi lori fisinuirindigbindigbin (* .tar.gz, * .tar.bz2) faili faili pamosi).
# tar tvfW tecmint-14-09-12.tar tar: This does not look like a tar archive tar: Skipping to next header tar: Archive contains obsolescent base-64 headers tar: VERIFY FAILURE: 30740 invalid headers detected Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 863726 2012-09-15 02:23:41 /home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 21063680 2012-09-15 02:24:21 /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar tar: /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 4437600 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm tar: /home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 12680 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm tar: /home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-18 19:11:04 xyz.txt Verify drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/
Lati ṣayẹwo iwọn eyikeyi oda, tar.gz, ati faili iwe itan tar.bz2, lo aṣẹ atẹle. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo han iwọn faili faili ni ile Kilobytes (KB).
# tar -czf - tecmint-14-09-12.tar | wc -c 12820480 # tar -czf - MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz | wc -c 112640 # tar -czf - Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 | wc -c 20480
- c - ṣẹda faili faili pamosi kan.
- x - fa jade faili faili pamosi kan.
- v - fihan ilọsiwaju ti faili ile-iwe.
- f - orukọ faili ti faili ile-iwe.
- t - wiwo akoonu ti faili ile-iwe.
- j - ile ifi nkan pamosi ṣe àlẹmọ nipasẹ bzip2.
- z - ile ifi nkan pamosi nipasẹ gzip.
- r - fikun-un tabi mu awọn faili dojuiwọn tabi awọn itọsọna si awọn faili ile-iwe ti o wa tẹlẹ.
- W - Ṣayẹwo faili faili ile-iwe.
- awọn kaadi egan - Pato awọn ilana ni aṣẹ oda UNIX.
Iyẹn ni fun bayi, nireti awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ oda ti o wa loke ti to fun ọ lati kọ ẹkọ, ati fun alaye diẹ sii jọwọ lo aṣẹ oda ọkunrin naa.
Ti o ba n wa lati pin eyikeyi faili pamosi nla nla si awọn ẹya pupọ tabi awọn bulọọki, kan lọ nipasẹ nkan yii:
Ti a ba padanu eyikeyi apẹẹrẹ jọwọ ṣe alabapin pẹlu wa nipasẹ apoti asọye ati jọwọ maṣe gbagbe lati pin nkan yii pẹlu awọn ọrẹ rẹ. Eyi ni ọna ti o dara julọ lati sọ ọpẹ… ..