10 Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ Aṣẹ ni Linux
Eyi ni jara ti nlọ lọwọ ti awọn aṣẹ Linux ati ninu nkan yii a yoo ṣe atunyẹwo aṣẹ lsof pẹlu awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe. lsof ti o tumọ si 'Awọn faili Open LiSt' ni a lo lati wa iru awọn faili ti o ṣii nipasẹ ilana wo. Gẹgẹ bi gbogbo wa ṣe mọ Linux/Unix ṣe akiyesi ohun gbogbo bi awọn faili kan (awọn paipu, awọn iho, awọn ilana, awọn ẹrọ abbl). Ọkan ninu idi lati lo pipaṣẹ lsof ni nigbati a ko le yọ disk kuro bi o ti sọ pe awọn faili nlo. Pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ yii a le ṣe idanimọ awọn faili ti o wa ni lilo ni irọrun.
Ninu apẹẹrẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ, yoo fihan atokọ gigun ti awọn faili ṣiṣi diẹ ninu wọn ti fa jade fun oye ti o dara julọ eyiti o han awọn ọwọn bi Command, PID, USER, FD, TYPE ati bẹbẹ lọ.
# lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root 0u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 1u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 2u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 3r FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 4w FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 5r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 6r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 7u unix 0xc1513880 0t0 8450 socket
Awọn apakan ati pe o jẹ awọn iye jẹ alaye ti ara ẹni. Sibẹsibẹ, a yoo ṣe atunyẹwo awọn ọwọn FD & TYPE diẹ sii ni deede.
FD - duro fun apejuwe Oluṣakoso ati pe o le rii diẹ ninu awọn iye bi:
- itọsọna liw lọwọlọwọ cwd
- rtd liana root
- ọrọ eto txt (koodu ati data)
- faili ti ya aworan iranti mem
Paapaa ninu awọn nọmba iwe FD bii 1u jẹ apejuwe faili gangan ati atẹle nipa u, r, w ti ipo rẹ bi:
- r fun iraye si kika.
- w fun iraye si kikọ.
- u fun iwọle ka ati kọ.
TYPE - ti awọn faili ati idanimọ rẹ.
- DIR - Itọsọna
- REG - Faili deede>
- CHR - Faili pataki ohun kikọ.
- FIFO - Akọkọ Ni Akọkọ Jade
Aṣẹ isalẹ yoo ṣe afihan atokọ ti gbogbo awọn faili ṣiṣi ti tecmint olumulo.
# lsof -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1838 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint txt REG 253,0 532336 188129 /usr/sbin/sshd sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 19784 190237 /lib/libdl-2.12.so sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 122436 190247 /lib/libselinux.so.1 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 255968 190256 /lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 874580 190255 /lib/libkrb5.so.3.3
Lati wa gbogbo ilana ṣiṣe ti ibudo kan pato, kan lo aṣẹ atẹle pẹlu aṣayan -i. Apẹẹrẹ ti isalẹ yoo ṣe atokọ gbogbo ilana ṣiṣe ti ibudo 22.
# lsof -i TCP:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
Ni apẹẹrẹ ni isalẹ fihan awọn faili nẹtiwọọki IPv4 ati IPv6 nikan ṣii pẹlu awọn ofin lọtọ.
# lsof -i 4 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 # lsof -i 6 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
Lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo ilana ṣiṣe ti awọn faili ṣiṣi ti Awọn sakani Ibudo TCP lati 1-1024.
# lsof -i TCP:1-1024 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1838 tecmint 3u IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1871 root 3r IPv4 15842 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:groove (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
Nibi, a ti yọ olumulo olumulo gbongbo kuro. O le ṣe iyasọtọ olumulo kan pato nipa lilo ‘^’ pẹlu aṣẹ bi o ti han loke.
# lsof -i -u^root COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 5r IPv4 11836 0t0 UDP *:soap-beep rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 8u IPv4 11850 0t0 UDP *:55146 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 9u IPv4 11854 0t0 TCP *:32981 (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
Apẹẹrẹ isalẹ fihan tecmint olumulo ti nlo aṣẹ bi ping ati/ati be be liana.
# lsof -i -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME bash 1839 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc ping 2525 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc
Atẹle atẹle pẹlu aṣayan '-i' fihan atokọ ti gbogbo awọn isopọ nẹtiwọọki 'TẸTẸ & Ṣeto'.
# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 12u IPv4 12896 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN) clock-app 2362 narad 21u IPv4 22591 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:45284->www.gov.com:http (CLOSE_WAIT) chrome 2377 narad 61u IPv4 25862 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:33358->maa03s04-in-f3.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED) chrome 2377 narad 80u IPv4 25866 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:36405->bom03s01-in-f15.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)
Apẹẹrẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ nikan fihan ẹniti PID jẹ 1 [Ọkan].
# lsof -p 1 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root mem REG 253,0 142472 189970 /lib/ld-2.12.so
Nigba miiran o le ni lati pa gbogbo awọn ilana fun olumulo kan pato. Ni isalẹ aṣẹ yoo pa gbogbo awọn ilana ti olumulo tecmint.
# kill -9 `lsof -t -u tecmint`
Akiyesi: Nibi, ko ṣee ṣe lati fun apẹẹrẹ ti gbogbo awọn aṣayan to wa, itọsọna yii nikan ni lati fihan bi aṣẹ lsof ṣe le lo. O le tọka oju-iwe eniyan ti aṣẹ lsof lati mọ diẹ sii nipa rẹ. Jọwọ pin rẹ ti o ba rii pe nkan yii wulo nipasẹ apoti asọye wa ni isalẹ.