Awọn pipaṣẹ 20 YUM fun Man Mania Package
Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a yoo kọ bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ, imudojuiwọn, yọkuro, wa awọn idii, ṣakoso awọn idii ati awọn ibi ipamọ lori awọn eto Linux nipa lilo ọpa YUM (Yellowdog Updater ti a Ṣatunṣe) ti o dagbasoke nipasẹ RedHat. Awọn aṣẹ apẹẹrẹ ti o han ninu nkan yii ni idanwo ni idanwo lori olupin wa CentOS 6.3, o le lo awọn ohun elo wọnyi fun idi iwadi, awọn iwe-ẹri tabi kan lati ṣawari awọn ọna lati fi awọn idii tuntun sii ati lati jẹ ki eto rẹ di imudojuiwọn. Ibeere ipilẹ ti nkan yii ni, o gbọdọ ni oye ipilẹ ti awọn ofin ati ẹrọ ṣiṣe Lainos ṣiṣẹ, nibi ti o ti le ṣawari ati ṣe gbogbo awọn ofin ti a ṣe akojọ rẹ ni isalẹ.
Kini YUM?
YUM (Yellowdog Updater títúnṣe) jẹ laini aṣẹ orisun orisun bi daradara bi ohun elo orisun iṣakoso package fun iwọn RPM (RedHat Package Manager) awọn eto Linux ti o da. O gba awọn olumulo laaye ati alakoso eto lati fi rọọrun, imudojuiwọn, yọkuro tabi wa awọn idii sọfitiwia lori awọn eto kan. O ti dagbasoke ati tu silẹ nipasẹ Seth Vidal labẹ GPL (Iwe-aṣẹ Gbogbogbo Gbogbogbo) bi orisun ṣiṣi, tumọ si pe ẹnikẹni le gba laaye lati gbasilẹ ati wọle si koodu lati ṣatunṣe awọn idun ati idagbasoke awọn idii ti adani. YUM nlo ọpọlọpọ awọn ibi ipamọ ẹgbẹ kẹta lati fi awọn idii sori ẹrọ laifọwọyi nipasẹ ipinnu awọn ọran igbẹkẹle wọn.
Lati fi package ti a pe ni Firefox 14 sori ẹrọ, kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ ni isalẹ o yoo wa laifọwọyi ati fi sori ẹrọ gbogbo awọn igbẹkẹle ti o nilo fun Firefox.
# yum install firefox Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================ Updating: firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 20 M Updating for dependencies: xulrunner i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 12 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 2 Package(s) Total download size: 32 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 20 MB 01:10 (2/2): xulrunner-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 12 MB 00:52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 63 kB/s | 32 MB 02:04 Updated: firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Dependency Updated: xulrunner.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Complete!
Aṣẹ ti o wa loke yoo beere ìmúdájú ṣaaju fifi eyikeyi package sori ẹrọ rẹ. Ti o ba fẹ fi awọn idii sii laifọwọyi laisi beere eyikeyi ijẹrisi, lo aṣayan -y bi o ṣe han ninu apẹẹrẹ isalẹ.
# yum -y install firefox
Lati yọ package kuro patapata pẹlu gbogbo awọn igbẹkẹle wọn, kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# yum remove firefox Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================== Removing: firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos @updates 23 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package(s) Reinstall 0 Package(s) Downgrade 0 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686 1/1 Removed: firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Complete!
Ni ọna kanna aṣẹ ti o wa loke yoo beere ìmúdájú ṣaaju yiyọ package kan kuro. Lati mu tọrisi ijẹrisi kan ṣafikun aṣayan -y bi o ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# yum -y remove firefox
Jẹ ki a sọ pe o ni ẹya ti igba atijọ ti package MySQL ati pe o fẹ ṣe imudojuiwọn rẹ si ẹya iduroṣinṣin tuntun. Kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle ni yoo ṣe ipinnu gbogbo awọn ọran igbẹkẹle laifọwọyi ati fi sii wọn.
# yum update mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================ Updating: vsftpd i386 2.0.5-24.el5_8.1 updates 144 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total size: 144 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : vsftpd 1/2 Cleanup : vsftpd 2/2 Updated: vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-24.el5_8.1 Complete!
Lo iṣẹ atokọ lati wa package pataki pẹlu orukọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ lati wa package ti a pe ni openssh, lo pipaṣẹ.
# yum list openssh Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.nus.edu.sg Installed Packages openssh.i386 4.3p2-72.el5_6.3 installed Available Packages 4.3p2-82.el5 base
Lati ṣe wiwa rẹ diẹ sii deede, ṣalaye orukọ package pẹlu ẹya wọn, bi o ba mọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ lati wa ẹya kan pato openssh-4.3p2 ti package, lo aṣẹ.
# yum list openssh-4.3p2
Ti o ko ba ranti orukọ gangan ti package, lẹhinna lo iṣẹ iṣawari lati wa gbogbo awọn idii ti o wa lati baamu orukọ ti package ti o sọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati wa gbogbo awọn idii ti o baamu ọrọ naa.
# yum search vsftpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in ============================== Matched: vsftpd ======================== ccze.i386 : A robust log colorizer pure-ftpd-selinux.i386 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Sọ pe iwọ yoo fẹ lati mọ alaye ti package ṣaaju fifi sii. Lati gba alaye ti package kan sọ aṣẹ ni isalẹ.
# yum info firefox
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
* updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Available Packages
Name : firefox
Arch : i386
Version : 10.0.6
Release : 1.el5.centos
Size : 20 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
URL : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/
License : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Description: Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
: compliance, performance and portability.Lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn idii ti o wa ni ibi ipamọ data Yum, lo pipaṣẹ isalẹ.
# yum list | less
Lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn idii ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori eto kan, kan ọrọ ni isalẹ aṣẹ, yoo han gbogbo awọn idii ti a fi sii.
# yum list installed | less
Yum pese iṣẹ ti lo lati wa iru package ti faili kan pato jẹ ti. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ti o ba fẹ lati mọ orukọ ti package ti o ni /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
# yum provides /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Loaded plugins: fastestmirror httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-65.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-53.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Lati wa iye awọn ti awọn idii ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ rẹ ni awọn imudojuiwọn wa, lati ṣayẹwo lo pipaṣẹ wọnyi.
# yum check-update
Lati jẹ ki eto rẹ di imudojuiwọn pẹlu gbogbo aabo ati awọn imudojuiwọn package alakomeji, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle. Yoo fi sori ẹrọ gbogbo awọn abulẹ tuntun ati awọn imudojuiwọn aabo si eto rẹ.
# yum update
Ni Lainos, nọmba awọn idii ti wa ni akojọpọ si ẹgbẹ kan pato. Dipo fifi awọn idii kọọkan pẹlu yum, o le fi ẹgbẹ kan pato sii ti yoo fi gbogbo awọn idii ti o jọmọ ti o jẹ ti ẹgbẹ sii. Fun apẹẹrẹ lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn ẹgbẹ to wa, kan sọ atẹle atẹle.
# yum grouplist Installed Groups: Administration Tools DNS Name Server Dialup Networking Support Editors Engineering and Scientific FTP Server Graphics Java Development Legacy Network Server Available Groups: Authoring and Publishing Base Beagle Cluster Storage Clustering Development Libraries Development Tools Eclipse Educational Software KDE (K Desktop Environment) KDE Software Development
Lati fi sori ẹrọ ẹgbẹ package kan pato, a lo aṣayan bi a fi sii ẹgbẹ. Apere fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi “Database MySQL sii”, kan ṣiṣẹ pipaṣẹ isalẹ.
# yum groupinstall 'MySQL Database' Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================= Updating: unixODBC i386 2.2.11-10.el5 base 290 k Installing for dependencies: unixODBC-libs i386 2.2.11-10.el5 base 551 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total size: 841 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : unixODBC-libs 1/3 Updating : unixODBC 2/3 Cleanup : unixODBC 3/3 Dependency Installed: unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 Updated: unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 Complete!
Lati ṣe imudojuiwọn eyikeyi awọn idii ẹgbẹ ti o ti fi sii tẹlẹ, kan ṣiṣe aṣẹ wọnyi bi o ṣe han ni isalẹ.
# yum groupupdate 'DNS Name Server' Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================ Updating: bind i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 981 k bind-chroot i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 47 k Updating for dependencies: bind-libs i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 864 k bind-utils i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 174 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 4 Package(s) Total size: 2.0 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : bind-libs 1/8 Updating : bind 2/8 Updating : bind-chroot 3/8 Updating : bind-utils 4/8 Cleanup : bind 5/8 Cleanup : bind-chroot 6/8 Cleanup : bind-utils 7/8 Cleanup : bind-libs 8/8 Updated: bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Dependency Updated: bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Complete!
Lati paarẹ tabi yọ eyikeyi ẹgbẹ ti a fi sori ẹrọ tẹlẹ lati inu eto, kan lo pipaṣẹ isalẹ.
# yum groupremove 'DNS Name Server' Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================== Removing: bind i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 installed 2.1 M bind-chroot i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 installed 0.0 Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================== Remove 2 Package(s) Reinstall 0 Package(s) Downgrade 0 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : bind 1/2 warning: /etc/sysconfig/named saved as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmsave Erasing : bind-chroot 2/2 Removed: bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Complete!
Lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn ibi ipamọ Yum ti o ṣiṣẹ ninu eto rẹ, lo aṣayan atẹle.
# yum repolist repo id repo name status base CentOS-5 - Base enabled: 2,725 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 enabled: 5,783 extras CentOS-5 - Extras enabled: 282 mod-pagespeed mod-pagespeed enabled: 1 rpmforge RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag enabled: 11,290 updates CentOS-5 - Updates enabled: 743 repolist: 20,824
Atẹle atẹle yoo han gbogbo agbara ati alaabo awọn ibi ipamọ yum lori eto naa.
# yum repolist all repo id repo name status C5.0-base CentOS-5.0 - Base disabled C5.0-centosplus CentOS-5.0 - Plus disabled C5.0-extras CentOS-5.0 - Extras disabled base CentOS-5 - Base enabled: 2,725 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 enabled: 5,783 extras CentOS-5 - Extras enabled: 282 repolist: 20,824
Lati fi sori ẹrọ package kan pato lati ibi iṣẹ ṣiṣẹ tabi ibi ipamọ alaabo, o gbọdọ lo –enablerepo aṣayan ninu aṣẹ yum rẹ. Fun apẹẹrẹ lati Fi sori ẹrọ package PhpMyAdmin 3.5.2, kan ṣiṣẹ aṣẹ naa.
# yum --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================= Installing: phpMyAdmin noarch 3.5.1-1.el6 epel 4.2 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 4.2 M Installed size: 17 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 4.2 MB 00:25 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch 1/1 Verifying : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch 1/1 Installed: phpMyAdmin.noarch 0:3.5.1-1.el6 Complete!
IwUlO Yum n pese ikarahun aṣa nibiti o le ṣe awọn aṣẹ pupọ.
# yum shell Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Yum Shell > update httpd Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net * epel: ftp.riken.jp * extras: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net * updates: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net Setting up Update Process >
Nipa aiyipada yum n tọju gbogbo data package ti ibi ipamọ ṣiṣẹ ni/var/kaṣe/yum/pẹlu itọsọna-kọọkan kọọkan, lati nu gbogbo awọn faili ti o wa ni ipamọ kuro lati ibi ipamọ ti o ṣiṣẹ, o nilo lati ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle ni deede lati nu gbogbo kaṣe naa ki o rii daju pe ko si nkankan aaye ti ko ni dandan ti nlo. A ko fẹ lati fun iṣẹjade ti aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ, nitori a fẹran lati tọju data ipamọ bi o ti jẹ.
# yum clean all
Lati wo gbogbo awọn iṣowo ti o kọja ti aṣẹ yum, kan lo aṣẹ atẹle.
# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 | root | 2012-08-11 15:19 | Install | 3
9 | root | 2012-08-11 15:11 | Install | 1
8 | root | 2012-08-11 15:10 | Erase | 1 EE
7 | root | 2012-08-10 17:44 | Install | 1
6 | root | 2012-08-10 12:19 | Install | 2
5 | root | 2012-08-10 12:14 | Install | 3
4 | root | 2012-08-10 12:12 | I, U | 13 E<
3 | root | 2012-08-09 13:01 | Install | 1 >
2 | root | 2012-08-08 20:13 | I, U | 292 EE
1 | System | 2012-08-08 17:15 | Install | 560
history listA ti gbiyanju lati bo gbogbo ipilẹ lati ni ilosiwaju awọn aṣẹ yum pẹlu awọn apẹẹrẹ wọn. Ti ohunkohun ba ni ibatan si awọn aṣẹ yum le ti padanu. Jọwọ mu wa nipasẹ apoti asọye wa. Nitorinaa, a tọju mimuṣe kanna da lori gbigba ti esi.