Bii o ṣe le Fi Server Web Web Apache sori Ubuntu 20.04

Itọsọna yii yoo mu ọ nipasẹ fifi sori ẹrọ ti webserver Apache lori Ubuntu 20.04. O pẹlu ṣiṣakoso awọn iṣẹ Apache2, ṣiṣi oju-iwe ayelujara webserver ninu ogiriina, idanwo fifi sori Apache2, ati tito leto agbegbe Gbigbe Alejo kan.

Ti o ni ibatan Ka: Bii o ṣe le Fi Nginx Web Server sori Ubuntu 20.04

    Bii a ṣe le Fi Ubuntu 20.04 Server sii

Fifi Apache2 sori Ubuntu 20.04

1. Ni akọkọ, wọle sinu eto Ubuntu 20.04 rẹ ki o mu imudojuiwọn awọn idii eto rẹ nipa lilo aṣẹ atẹle to tẹle.

$ sudo apt update

2. Lọgan ti ilana imudojuiwọn ba pari, fi sori ẹrọ sọfitiwia olupin ayelujara Apache2 bi atẹle.

$ sudo apt install apache2

3. Lakoko ti o nfi package Apache2 sii, oluṣeto ohun ti n fa eto lati bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ati mu iṣẹ apache2 ṣiṣẹ. O le rii daju pe iṣẹ apache2 n ṣiṣẹ/nṣiṣẹ ati pe o muu ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni ibẹrẹ eto nipa lilo awọn ofin systemctl atẹle.

$ sudo systemctl is-active apache2
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled apache2
$ sudo systemctl status apache2

Ṣiṣakoso Apache ni Ubuntu 20.04

4. Nisisiyi pe olupin ayelujara apache rẹ nṣiṣẹ, o to akoko lati kọ diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ iṣakoso ipilẹ lati ṣakoso ilana apache nipa lilo awọn ilana systemctl atẹle.

$ sudo systemctl stop apache2      #stop apache2
$ sudo systemctl start apache2     #start apache2
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2   #restart apache2
$ sudo systemctl reload apache2    #reload apache2
$ sudo systemctl disable apache2   #disable apache2
$ sudo systemctl enable apache2    #enable apache2

Tito leto Apache ni Ubuntu 20.04

5. Gbogbo awọn faili iṣeto ni Apache2 ti wa ni fipamọ ni itọsọna /etc/apache2 , o le wo gbogbo awọn faili ati awọn ẹka labẹ rẹ pẹlu aṣẹ ls atẹle.

$ ls /etc/apache2/*

6. Awọn atẹle ni awọn faili iṣeto bọtini ati awọn ilana-ipin ti o yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi:

  • /etc/apache2/apache2.conf - Faili iṣeto agbaye agbaye Apache akọkọ, ti o pẹlu gbogbo awọn faili iṣeto miiran.
  • /ati be be/apache2/conf-wa - tọju awọn atunto to wa.
  • /ati be be/apache2/conf-enabled - ni awọn atunto ti o ṣiṣẹ.
  • /ati be be/apache2/mods-available - ni awọn modulu to wa ninu.
  • /ati be be/apache2/mods-enabled - ni awọn modulu ti o ṣiṣẹ.
  • /ati be be/apache2/awọn aaye-ti o wa - ni faili iṣeto ni fun awọn aaye ti o wa (awọn olupin foju).
  • /ati be be lo/apache2/awọn aaye ti ṣiṣẹ - ni faili iṣeto ni fun awọn aaye ti o ṣiṣẹ (awọn olupin foju).

Akiyesi pe ti FQDN olupin ko ba ṣeto ni kariaye, iwọ yoo gba ikilọ atẹle ni gbogbo igba ti o ba ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ apache2 tabi ṣiṣe idanwo iṣeto kan.

apachectl[2996]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15.

Ṣeto itọsọna naa Orukọ olupinNigbagbe ni kariaye ni faili atunto afun akọkọ lati dinku ifiranṣẹ yii.

7. Lati ṣeto FQDN olupin ayelujara, lo itọsọna ServerName ni faili /etc/apache2/apache2.conf, ṣii fun ṣiṣatunkọ nipa lilo oluṣatunkọ ọrọ ayanfẹ rẹ.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Ṣafikun laini atẹle ninu faili naa (rirọpo webserver1.linux-console.net pẹlu FQDN rẹ).

ServerName webserver1.linux-console.net

8. Lẹhin fifi orukọ olupin kun ni iṣeto afun, ṣayẹwo sintasi iṣeto fun atunse, ki o tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ naa.

$ sudo apache2ctl configtest
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

9. Bayi nigbati o ba ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ apache2, ikilọ ko yẹ ki o han.

$ sudo systemctl status apache2

Ṣiṣii Awọn Ibudo Apache ni Ogiriina UFW

10. Ti o ba ni ogiriina UFW ti o ṣiṣẹ ati ti n ṣiṣẹ lori ẹrọ rẹ, o nilo lati ṣii awọn iṣẹ HTTP (ibudo 80) ati HTTPS (ibudo 443) ni iṣeto ogiriina, lati gba ijabọ oju opo wẹẹbu si olupin ayelujara Apache2 nipasẹ ogiriina.

$ sudo ufw allow http
$ sudo ufw allow https
$ sudo ufw reload
OR
$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
$ sudo ufw reload

Idanwo Apache lori Ubuntu 20.04

11. Lati ṣe idanwo ti fifi sori ẹrọ webserver Apache2 n ṣiṣẹ daradara, ṣii ẹrọ lilọ kiri lori ayelujara kan, ki o lo adirẹsi IP olupin rẹ lati lilö kiri:

http://SERVER_IP

Lati wa adirẹsi IP ti gbangba ti olupin rẹ, lo eyikeyi ninu awọn ofin ọmọ-atẹle wọnyi.

$ curl ifconfig.co
OR
$ curl ifconfig.me
OR
$ curl icanhazip.com

Ti o ba wo oju-iwe wẹẹbu itẹwọgba aiyipada ti Apache Ubuntu, o tumọ si fifi sori ẹrọ olupin wẹẹbu rẹ n ṣiṣẹ daradara.

Ṣiṣeto Awọn alejo gbigba foju ni Ubuntu 20.04

Botilẹjẹpe a tunto olupin ayelujara Apache2 nipasẹ aiyipada lati gbalejo oju opo wẹẹbu kan, o le lo lati gbalejo awọn oju opo wẹẹbu/awọn ohun elo lọpọlọpọ nipa lilo imọran ti\"Alejo Alejo”.

Nitorinaa Gbalejo Foju jẹ ọrọ ti o tọka si iṣe ti ṣiṣe ju oju opo wẹẹbu/ohun elo lọ (bii apẹẹrẹ.com ati apẹẹrẹ1.com) lori olupin kan.

Ni afikun, Awọn ile-iṣẹ foju le jẹ “orisun orukọ” (itumo pe o ni ašẹ pupọ/awọn orukọ ile-iṣẹ ti n ṣiṣẹ lori adiresi IP kan), tabi “ipilẹ IP” (tumọ si pe o ni adiresi IP ti o yatọ fun gbogbo oju opo wẹẹbu).

Akiyesi pe olupin fojuṣe aiyipada ti o ṣe iranṣẹ oju-iwe wẹẹbu itẹwọgba aiyipada ti Apache Ubuntu eyiti o lo lati ṣe idanwo fifi sori Apache2 wa ni itọsọna /var/www/html .

$ ls /var/www/html/

12. Fun itọsọna yii, a yoo ṣẹda olupin foju kan fun oju opo wẹẹbu ti a pe ni linuxdesktop.info . Nitorinaa jẹ ki a kọkọ ṣẹda gbongbo iwe wẹẹbu fun aaye ti yoo tọju awọn faili wẹẹbu ti aaye naa.

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info

13. Nigbamii, ṣeto ohun-ini to yẹ ati awọn igbanilaaye lori itọsọna ti o ṣẹda.

$ sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
$ sudo chmod 775 -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info

14. Bayi ṣẹda oju-iwe itọka apẹẹrẹ fun awọn idi idanwo.

$ sudo vim /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info/index.html

Daakọ ati lẹẹ mọ koodu html ti o wa ninu rẹ.

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Welcome to linuxdesktop.info!</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Congrats! The new linuxdesktop.info virtual host is working fine.</h1>
  </body>
</html>

Fipamọ faili naa ki o jade kuro.

15. Nigbamii ti, o nilo lati ṣẹda faili iṣeto ti ogun fojuṣe (eyiti o yẹ ki o pari pẹlu .conf itẹsiwaju) fun aaye tuntun labẹ itọsọna/ati be be lo/apache2/awọn aaye-ti o wa.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/linuxdesktop.info.conf

Lẹhinna daakọ ati lẹẹ iṣeto ti atẹle naa faili naa (ranti lati ropo www.linuxdesktop.info pẹlu FQDN rẹ).

<VirtualHost *:80>
    	ServerName www.linuxdesktop.info
	ServerAlias linuxdesktop.info
	DocumentRoot /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
	ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_error.log
	CustomLog  /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Fipamọ faili naa ki o jade kuro.

16. Nigbamii, mu aaye tuntun ṣiṣẹ ki o tun gbe iṣeto Apache2 sori ẹrọ lati lo awọn ayipada tuntun bi atẹle.

$ sudo a2ensite linuxdesktop.info.conf
$ sudo systemctl reload apache2

17. Lakotan, ṣe idanwo ti iṣeto alejo gbigba tuntun n ṣiṣẹ daradara. Ninu ẹrọ aṣawakiri wẹẹbu kan, lo FQDN rẹ lati lilö kiri.

http://domain-name

Ti o ba le wo oju-iwe atọka fun oju opo wẹẹbu tuntun rẹ, o tumọ si alejo gbigba foju ṣiṣẹ dara.

Gbogbo ẹ niyẹn! Ninu itọsọna yii, a ti fihan bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ webserver Apache lori Ubuntu 20.04. A tun bo bii a ṣe le ṣakoso awọn iṣẹ Apache2, ṣii HTTP ati awọn iṣẹ/awọn ibudo HTTPS ninu ogiriina UFW, ṣe idanwo fifi sori Apache2, ati tunto ati idanwo agbegbe Alejo Gbigbe kan. Ṣe o ni awọn ibeere eyikeyi, lo fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ lati de ọdọ wa.