Bii o ṣe le Ṣeto Olupin NFS ati Onibara lori CentOS 8


Eto Faili Nẹtiwọọki (NFS) ti a tun mọ ni alabara/eto faili olupin jẹ olokiki, pẹpẹ agbelebu ati ilana faili faili ti a pin lati okeere awọn ọna faili agbegbe lori nẹtiwọọki ki awọn alabara le pin awọn ilana ati awọn faili pẹlu awọn miiran lori nẹtiwọọki kan pẹlu wọn bi ẹni pe wọn ti gbe ni agbegbe.

Ni CentOS/RHEL 8, ẹya NFS ti o ni atilẹyin jẹ NFSv3 ati NFSv4 ati ẹya aiyipada NFS jẹ 4.2 eyiti o ṣe atilẹyin atilẹyin fun Awọn atokọ Iṣakoso Wiwọle (ACLs), ẹda ẹgbẹ olupin, awọn faili to fọnka, ifipamọ aaye, aami NFS, awọn ilọsiwaju akọkọ, ati pelu pelu.

Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, iwọ yoo kọ bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto olupin NFS ati alabara NFS lori awọn pinpin kaakiri CentOS/RHEL 8 Linux.

  1. Itọsọna fifi sori ẹrọ CentOS 8
  2. RHEL 8 Fifi sori Kere julọ
  3. Muu Ṣiṣe alabapin RHEL ṣiṣẹ ni RHEL 8
  4. Ṣeto Adirẹsi IP Aimi ni CentOS/RHEL 8

NFS Server IP:	10.20.20.8
NFS Client IP:	10.20.20.9	

Ṣiṣeto olupin NFS lori CentOS 8

1. Ni akọkọ, bẹrẹ nipa fifi awọn idii ti o nilo sori olupin NFS. Awọn idii jẹ awọn ohun elo nfs eyiti o pese daemon fun ekuro NFS ekuro ati awọn irinṣẹ ti o jọmọ gẹgẹbi eyiti o ni eto iṣafihan naa.

Ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle lati fi package sii lori olupin NFS (lo sudo ti o ba n ṣakoso eto naa bi olumulo ti kii ṣe gbongbo).

# dnf install nfs-utils

2. Lọgan ti fifi sori ẹrọ ba pari, bẹrẹ iṣẹ nfs-server, jẹ ki o bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni ibẹrẹ eto, ati lẹhinna ṣayẹwo ipo rẹ nipa lilo awọn aṣẹ systemctl.

# systemctl start nfs-server.service
# systemctl enable nfs-server.service
# systemctl status nfs-server.service

Akiyesi pe awọn iṣẹ miiran ti o nilo fun ṣiṣe olupin NFS tabi gbigbe awọn mọlẹbi NFS bii nfsd, nfs-idmapd, rpcbind, rpc.mountd, lockd, rpc.statd, rpc.rquotad, ati rpc.idmapd yoo bẹrẹ laifọwọyi.

Awọn faili iṣeto fun olupin NFS ni:

  • /etc/nfs.conf - faili iṣeto ni akọkọ fun awọn daemons NFS ati awọn irinṣẹ.
  • /etc/nfsmount.conf - faili iṣeto iṣeto oke NFS kan.

3. Itele, ṣẹda awọn eto faili lati gbe si okeere tabi pin lori olupin NFS. Fun itọsọna yii, a yoo ṣẹda awọn ọna faili mẹrin, mẹta ninu eyiti oṣiṣẹ nipasẹ awọn ẹka mẹta lo: orisun eniyan, inawo ati titaja lati pin awọn faili ati pe ọkan jẹ fun awọn afẹyinti olumulo gbongbo.

# mkdir -p  /mnt/nfs_shares/{Human_Resource,Finance,Marketing}
# mkdir  -p /mnt/backups
# ls -l /mnt/nfs_shares/

4. Lẹhinna gbe okeere awọn ọna ṣiṣe faili loke ni olupin NFS/ati be be lo/gbejade awọn faili iṣeto lati pinnu awọn ọna faili ti ara agbegbe ti o wa fun awọn alabara NFS.

/mnt/nfs_shares/Human_Resource  	10.20.20.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Finance			10.20.10.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Marketing		10.20.30.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/backups				10.20.20.9/24(rw,sync,no_all_squash,root_squash)

Eyi ni diẹ ninu awọn aṣayan lati okeere (ka awọn okeere eniyan fun alaye diẹ sii ati awọn aṣayan okeere):

  • rw - ngbanilaaye ka ati kọ iraye si lori faili faili naa.
  • amuṣiṣẹpọ - sọ fun olupin NFS lati kọ awọn iṣẹ (kikọ alaye si disiki) nigbati o ba beere (lo nipa aiyipada).
  • all_squash - maapu gbogbo UIDs ati GID lati awọn ibeere alabara si olumulo alailorukọ.
  • no_all_squash - lo lati ya gbogbo UID ati GID lati awọn ibeere alabara si awọn UID kanna ati GID lori olupin NFS.
  • root_squash - awọn ibeere maapu lati ọdọ olumulo gbongbo tabi UID/GID 0 lati ọdọ alabara si UID/GID ti a ko mọ.

5. Lati gbe si faili faili ti o wa loke, ṣiṣe aṣẹ awọn ọja okeere pẹlu Flag -a tumọ si gbigbe ọja si okeere tabi ṣafihan gbogbo awọn ilana, -r tumọ si tun gbe gbogbo awọn ilana jade, ṣiṣiṣẹpọ/var/lib/nfs/etab pẹlu/ati be be lo/okeere ati awọn faili labẹ /etc/exports.d, ati -v n jẹ ki iṣiṣẹ ọrọ-ọrọ ṣiṣẹ.

# exportfs -arv

6. Lati ṣe afihan atokọ okeere ti lọwọlọwọ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle. Akiyesi pe tabili awọn ọja okeere tun kan diẹ ninu awọn aṣayan aiyipada okeere ti ko ṣe alaye ni gbangba bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto atẹle.

# exportfs  -s

7. Nigbamii ti, ti o ba ni iṣẹ iṣẹ ina ina, o nilo lati gba laaye ijabọ si awọn iṣẹ NFS pataki (Mountd, nfs, rpc-bind) nipasẹ ogiriina, lẹhinna tun gbe awọn ofin ogiri naa pada lati lo awọn ayipada, bi atẹle.

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd
# firewall-cmd --reload

Ṣiṣeto Onibara NFS lori Awọn Ẹrọ Onibara

8. Nisisiyi lori oju ipade (s) alabara, fi awọn idii ti o jẹ dandan lati wọle si awọn ipin NFS lori awọn eto alabara. Ṣiṣe aṣẹ ti o yẹ fun pinpin rẹ:

# dnf install nfs-utils nfs4-acl-tools         [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo apt install nfs-common nfs4-acl-tools   [On Debian/Ubuntu]

9. Lẹhinna ṣiṣe aṣẹ showmount lati fihan alaye oke fun olupin NFS. Aṣẹ yẹ ki o ṣe agbejade faili faili ti ilu okeere lori alabara bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto.

# showmount -e 10.20.20.8

9. Itele, ṣẹda eto faili agbegbe/itọsọna fun iṣagbesori eto faili NFS latọna jijin ki o gbe ga bi eto faili ntf.

# mkdir -p /mnt/backups
# mount -t nfs  10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups /mnt/backups

10. Lẹhinna jẹrisi pe a ti gbe eto faili latọna jijin nipasẹ ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ oke ati àlẹmọ nfs gbeko.

# mount | grep nfs

11. Lati mu ki oke naa le tẹsiwaju paapaa lẹhin atunbere eto kan, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle lati tẹ titẹsi ti o baamu ni/ati be be lo/fstab.

# echo "10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups     /mnt/backups  nfs     defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
# cat /etc/fstab

12. Ni ikẹhin, ṣe idanwo ti iṣeto NFS n ṣiṣẹ daradara nipa ṣiṣẹda faili lori olupin naa ki o ṣayẹwo boya a le rii faili naa ni alabara.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS Server]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS client]

Lẹhinna ṣe yiyipada.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Client]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Server]

13. Lati yọ eto faili latọna jijin lori ẹgbẹ alabara.

# umount /mnt/backups

Akiyesi pe o ko le ṣii eto faili latọna jijin ti o ba n ṣiṣẹ laarin rẹ bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto atẹle.

O n niyen! Ninu itọsọna yii, a fihan bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto olupin NFS ati alabara ni CentOS/RHEL 8. Ti o ba ni awọn ero lati pin tabi awọn ibeere, lo fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ lati pada si ọdọ wa.