Bii o ṣe le Ṣakoso Nẹtiwọọki pẹlu NetworkManager ni RHEL/CentOS 8


Ni RHEL ati CentOS 8 iṣẹ nẹtiwọọki ni iṣakoso nipasẹ daemon NetworkManager ati pe o ti lo lati tunto dapọ ati ṣakoso awọn ẹrọ nẹtiwọọki ati tọju awọn isopọ si oke ati lọwọ nigbati wọn ba wa.

NetworkManager wa pẹlu awọn anfani lọpọlọpọ gẹgẹbi atilẹyin fun iṣeto nẹtiwọọki rọọrun ati iṣakoso nipa lilo wiwo laini aṣẹ ati awọn irinṣẹ wiwo olumulo ayaworan, pese API nipasẹ D-Bus eyiti ngbanilaaye fun wiwa ati ṣiṣakoso iṣeto nẹtiwọọki, atilẹyin fun irọrun iṣeto ni ati pupọ diẹ sii.

Yato si, NetworkManager tun le ṣe tunto nipa lilo awọn faili, ati Cockpit console wẹẹbu ati pe o ṣe atilẹyin fun lilo awọn iwe afọwọkọ aṣa lati bẹrẹ tabi da awọn iṣẹ miiran duro ti o da lori ipo asopọ.

Ṣaaju ki a to lọ siwaju, atẹle ni diẹ ninu awọn aaye pataki miiran lati ṣe akiyesi nipa nẹtiwọọki ni CentOS/RHEL 8:

  • Iṣeto iru iru ifcfg (fun apẹẹrẹ. ifcfg-eth0, ifcfg-enp0s3) awọn faili tun ni atilẹyin.
  • Awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki ti bajẹ ati pe a ko pese wọn ni aiyipada.
  • Fifi sori ẹrọ ti o kere ju n pese ẹya tuntun ti ifup ati awọn iwe afọwọkọ ifdown ti o pe Nẹtiwọọki Nẹtiwọ nipasẹ ohun elo nmcli.
  • Lati ṣiṣe ifupilẹ ati awọn iwe afọwọkọ ifdown, NetworkManager gbọdọ wa ni ṣiṣiṣẹ.

Fifi NetworkManager sori CentOS/RHEL 8

NetworkManager yẹ ki o wa ni fifi sori ẹrọ lori fifi sori ipilẹ ipilẹ CentOS/RHEL 8, bibẹkọ, o le fi sii nipa lilo oluṣakoso package DNF bi o ti han.

# dnf install NetworkManager

Faili iṣeto agbaye fun NetworkManager wa ni /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf ati awọn faili iṣeto ni afikun ni a le rii ni/ati be be/NetworkManager /.

Ṣiṣakoso Isakoso Nẹtiwọọki Lilo Systemctl lori CentOS/RHEL 8

Ni CentOS/RHEL 8, ati awọn eto Linux miiran ti ode oni ti o ti gba eto (eto ati oluṣakoso iṣẹ), awọn iṣẹ ni iṣakoso nipa lilo irinṣẹ systemctl.

Atẹle wọnyi wulo awọn ilana systemctl fun iṣakoso iṣẹ Nẹtiwọọki.

Fifi sori ẹrọ ti o kere ju ti CentOS/RHEL 8 yẹ ki o jẹ ki NetworkManager bẹrẹ ati mu ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni akoko bata, nipasẹ aiyipada. O le lo awọn ofin wọnyi lati ṣayẹwo ti NetworkManager n ṣiṣẹ, mu ṣiṣẹ, ati tẹjade ipo ipo asiko ti NetworkManager.

# systemctl is-active NetworkManager
# systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
# systemctl status NetworkManager 

Ti NetworkManager ko ba ṣiṣẹ, o le bẹrẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣe ni rọọrun.

# systemctl start NetworkManager

Lati da duro tabi mu maṣiṣẹ ṣiṣẹ Nẹtiwọọki fun idi kan tabi ekeji, fun ni aṣẹ atẹle.

# systemctl stop NetworkManager

Ti o ba ti ṣe awọn ayipada eyikeyi si awọn faili atunto wiwo tabi iṣeto ni daMon NetworkManager (eyiti o wa ni deede labẹ/ati be be/NetworkManager/liana), o le tun bẹrẹ (da duro ati lẹhinna bẹrẹ) NetworkManager lati lo awọn ayipada bi o ti han.

# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Lati tun gbe iṣeto iṣeto daemon NetworkManager (ṣugbọn kii ṣe faili iṣeto ẹrọ ti eto) laisi tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ naa, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

# systemctl reload NetworkManager

Lilo Awọn irinṣẹ Ṣakoso Nẹtiwọọki ati Nṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn faili ifcfg

NetworkManager ṣe atilẹyin diẹ ninu awọn irinṣẹ fun awọn olumulo lati ṣe pẹlu rẹ, eyiti o jẹ:

  1. nmcli - ọpa laini aṣẹ kan ti a lo lati tunto nẹtiwọọki.
  2. nmtui - wiwo olumulo olumulo ti o da lori eegun eegun ti o rọrun, eyiti o tun lo lati tunto ati ṣakoso awọn asopọ isopọ iṣẹ tuntun.
  3. Awọn irinṣẹ miiran pẹlu nm-asopọ-olootu, ile-iṣẹ iṣakoso, ati aami asopọ asopọ nẹtiwọọki (gbogbo rẹ labẹ GUI).

Lati ṣe atokọ awọn ẹrọ ti a rii nipasẹ NetworkManager, ṣiṣe aṣẹ nmcli naa.

 
# nmcli device 
OR
# nmcli device status

Lati wo gbogbo awọn isopọ ti nṣiṣe lọwọ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle (akiyesi pe laisi -a , o ṣe akojọ awọn profaili asopọ to wa).

# nmcli connection show -a

Awọn faili iṣeto ni pato nẹtiwọọki ti wa ni/ati be be lo/sysconfig/awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki/itọsọna. O le ṣatunkọ eyikeyi awọn faili wọnyi, fun apẹẹrẹ, lati ṣeto adiresi IP aimi fun olupin CentOS/RHEL 8 rẹ.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

Eyi ni iṣeto apẹẹrẹ kan fun ṣeto adirẹsi IP aimi kan.

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s3
UUID=e81c46b7-441a-4a63-b695-75d8fe633511
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.110
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
PEERDNS=no

Lẹhin fifipamọ awọn ayipada naa, o nilo lati tun gbe gbogbo awọn profaili asopọ pada tabi tun bẹrẹ NetworkManager fun awọn ayipada tuntun lati lo.

# nmcli connection reload
OR
# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Bibẹrẹ tabi Duro Awọn iṣẹ Nẹtiwọọki/Awọn iwe afọwọkọ Ti o da lori Asopọmọra Nẹtiwọọki

NetworkManager ni aṣayan ti o wulo ti o fun awọn olumulo laaye lati ṣe awọn iṣẹ (bii NFS, SMB, ati bẹbẹ lọ) tabi awọn iwe afọwọkọ ti o rọrun ti o da lori sisopọ nẹtiwọọki.

Fun apẹẹrẹ, ti o ba fẹ gbe awọn mọlẹbi NFS laifọwọyi lẹhin yiyi pada laarin awọn nẹtiwọọki. O le fẹ ki a ṣe iru awọn iṣẹ nẹtiwọọki naa titi di igba ti NetworkManager ba n ṣiṣẹ ti o si n ṣiṣẹ (gbogbo awọn asopọ n ṣiṣẹ).

Ẹya yii ti pese nipasẹ iṣẹ fifiranṣẹ NetworkManager (eyiti o gbọdọ bẹrẹ ati muu ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni bata eto). Lọgan ti iṣẹ naa nṣiṣẹ, o le fi awọn iwe afọwọkọ rẹ kun itọsọna /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d.

Gbogbo awọn iwe afọwọkọ gbọdọ jẹ ṣiṣe ati kikọ, ati ohun-ini nipasẹ gbongbo, fun apẹẹrẹ:

# chown root:root /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-nfs-mount.sh
# chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-nfs-mount.sh

Pataki: Awọn iwe afọwọkọwe ti a firanṣẹ ni yoo ṣee ṣe ni aṣẹ labidi ni akoko isopọ, ati ni aṣẹ abidi yiyipada ni awọn akoko gige.

Gẹgẹbi a ti mẹnuba tẹlẹ, awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki ti dinku ni CentOS/RHEL 8 ati pe ko wa fi sori ẹrọ nipasẹ aiyipada. Ti o ba tun fẹ lo awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki, o nilo lati fi sori ẹrọ package awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki.

# yum install network-scripts

Lọgan ti a fi sii, package yii n pese ẹya tuntun ti awọn iwe afọwọkọ ifup ati ifdown eyiti o pe NetworkManager nipasẹ ohun elo nmcli ti a ti wo loke. Akiyesi pe NetworkManager yẹ ki o nṣiṣẹ fun ọ lati ṣiṣe awọn iwe afọwọkọ wọnyi.

Fun alaye diẹ sii, wo systemctl ati awọn oju-iwe eniyan NetworkManager.

# man systemctl
# man NetworkManager

Iyẹn ni gbogbo eyiti a pese sile ninu nkan yii. O le wa alaye lori eyikeyi awọn aaye tabi beere awọn ibeere tabi ṣe eyikeyi awọn afikun si itọsọna yii nipasẹ fọọmu esi ni isalẹ.