LFCA: Bii o ṣe le Ṣakoso awọn idii Sọfitiwia ni Lainos - Apá 7


Nkan yii jẹ Apakan 7 ti jara LFCA, nibi ni apakan yii, iwọ yoo sọ ararẹ mọ pẹlu awọn aṣẹ iṣakoso gbogbogbo eto lati ṣakoso awọn idii sọfitiwia ninu eto Linux.

Gẹgẹbi olutọju awọn ọna ṣiṣe, iwọ yoo ni iṣẹ ṣiṣe pẹlu ojuse ti iṣakoso awọn idii sọfitiwia. Eyi pẹlu fifi sori ẹrọ, igbesoke, ati yiyọ tabi yiyọ awọn idii kuro ninu eto rẹ.

Awọn iru awọn idii meji wa ninu eto Linux kan:

  • Awọn idii Alakomeji: Iwọnyi ni awọn faili iṣeto ni, awọn alaṣẹ, awọn oju-iwe eniyan laarin awọn iwe miiran. Fun Debian, awọn idii alakomeji ni itẹsiwaju faili .deb. Fun Red Hat, awọn idii alakomeji jẹri itẹsiwaju faili .rpm. A ko awọn idii Binary kuro nipa lilo rpm wulo Debian fun awọn idii alakomeji .rpm bi a yoo ṣe rii nigbamii.
  • Awọn idii orisun: Apo orisun kan jẹ faili ti a fisinuirindigbindigbin ti o ni koodu orisun ti ohun elo naa, alaye ṣoki ti package, ati awọn itọnisọna lori bii o ṣe le kọ ohun elo naa.

Awọn pinpin Lainos oriṣiriṣi oriṣiriṣi ni awọn alakoso package ti ara wọn ati nibi, a yoo wo awọn idile Lainos 2: Debian ati Red Hat.

Isakoso Iṣakojọ Debian

Debian pese APT (Oluṣakoso Package To ti ni ilọsiwaju) bi ojutu iṣakoso package iwaju-opin. O jẹ iwulo laini aṣẹ ti o lagbara pẹlu awọn ile-ikawe pataki ati gba ọ laaye lati ṣe igbasilẹ, fi sori ẹrọ, mu imudojuiwọn ati yọ awọn idii kuro ninu eto rẹ.

Ti o ba n wa lati agbegbe Windows kan, o ti lo lati ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo .exe lati ọdọ olutaja sọfitiwia kan ati ṣiṣe rẹ lori eto rẹ nipa lilo Oluṣeto fifi sori ẹrọ.

Ni Lainos, fifi sori ohun elo yatọ si ohun ti o yatọ. Ti gba awọn idii sọfitiwia lati ayelujara ati fi sori ẹrọ lati awọn ibi ipamọ ori ayelujara nipa lilo oluṣakoso package kan. A ṣe apejuwe atokọ ti awọn ibi ipamọ ni faili /etc/apt/sources.list ati ilana /etc/sources.list.d.

Lori awọn pinpin kaakiri Debian, a lo oluṣakoso package APT lati ṣe igbasilẹ ati fi awọn idii sii lati awọn ibi ipamọ ori ayelujara. Kii ṣe nikan o fi package sii ṣugbọn awọn igbẹkẹle ti o nilo nipasẹ awọn idii

O ni igbagbogbo niyanju lati ṣe imudojuiwọn awọn ibi ipamọ ninu faili /etc/apt/sources.list ṣaaju fifi eyikeyi package sii. Lati ṣe eyi, ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ sudo apt update

Lati fi sori ẹrọ package sọfitiwia kan, lo ọna asopọ:

$ sudo apt install package_name

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi sori ẹrọ olupin ayelujara Apache, ṣiṣe aṣẹ:

$ sudo apt install apache2

Lati wa fun wiwa ti apo kan ninu awọn ibi ipamọ, lo sintasi:

$ apt search package_name

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati wa wiwa ti package ti a pe ni neofetch, ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ apt search neofetch

Lati ṣe afihan alaye diẹ sii nipa package kan, lo aṣẹ ti o yẹ bi atẹle.

$ apt show package_name

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati ṣafihan alaye diẹ sii nipa package neofetch, ṣiṣe:

$ apt show neofetch

Lati ṣe igbesoke awọn idii ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ rẹ ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ sudo apt upgrade

Lati yọ package sọfitiwia kan, sọ pe apache2 ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ sudo apt remove apache2

Lati yọ package kuro lẹgbẹẹ awọn faili iṣeto ni lilo aṣayan iwẹnumọ bi o ti han.

$ sudo apt purge apache2

Oluṣakoso Package Dpkg naa

Awọn pinpin Lainos ti o da lori Debian tun nfun oluṣakoso package dpkg. Eyi jẹ oluṣakoso package ipele-kekere ti o mu awọn idii alakomeji ti ko beere eyikeyi awọn igbẹkẹle lakoko fifi sori ẹrọ. Ti dpkg ba rii pe faili package alakomeji nilo awọn igbẹkẹle, o ṣe ijabọ awọn igbẹkẹle ti o padanu ati awọn diduro.

Lati fi package sii lati faili .deb lo aṣẹ dpkg gẹgẹbi atẹle:

$ sudo dpkg -i package.deb

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi sori ẹrọ package AnyDesk lati faili Debian rẹ ti o han, ṣiṣẹ:

$ sudo dpkg -i anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
OR
$ sudo dpkg --unpack  anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb

Lati ṣayẹwo ti o ba ti fi package sii, ṣiṣe aṣẹ:

$ sudo dpkg -l anydesk

Lati yọ package naa, lo aṣayan -r bi o ti han:

$ sudo dpkg -r anydesk

Lati yọ package kuro lẹgbẹẹ gbogbo awọn faili iṣeto rẹ, lo aṣayan -P fun fifọ gbogbo awọn faili ti o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu package.

$ sudo dpkg -P anydesk

YUM/DNF ati RPM Iṣakoso Iṣakoso

Oluṣakoso package YUM ti ode oni, eyiti o jẹ de facto oluṣakoso package fun awọn ẹya agbalagba ti awọn pinpin kaakiri Red Hat Linux bi RedHat ati CentOS 7.

Gẹgẹ bi APT, awọn alakoso package DNF tabi YUM ni a lo lati fi awọn idii sii lati awọn ibi ipamọ ori ayelujara.

Lati fi package sii, lo ilana iṣọpọ:

$ sudo dnf install package-name
OR
$ sudo yum install package-name (For older versions)

Fun apeere, lati fi sori ẹrọ Apache httpd package, ṣiṣe aṣẹ:

$ sudo dnf install httpd
OR
$ sudo yum install httpd

O tun le wa wiwa ti package lati awọn ibi ipamọ bi atẹle:

$ sudo dnf search mariadb

Lati ṣe imudojuiwọn gbogbo awọn idii si ẹya tuntun wọn ṣiṣẹ:

$ sudo dnf update 
OR
$ sudo yum  update 

Lati yọ ṣiṣe ṣiṣe package kan:

$ sudo dnf remove package_name
OR
$ sudo yum remove  package_name

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati yọ package httpd kuro, ṣiṣe

$ sudo dnf remove httpd
OR
$ sudo yum remove httpd

Oluṣakoso Package RPM naa

Oluṣakoso package rpm jẹ ọpa iṣakoso ṣiṣi orisun-ṣiṣi miiran fun mimu awọn idii alakomeji .rpm lori awọn pinpin kaakiri RedHat Linux. Gẹgẹ bi oluṣakoso package APT rpm n ṣakoso awọn idii alakomeji.

Lati fi ohun elo sori ẹrọ ni lilo .rpm faili, lo ọna asopọ ni isalẹ:

$ sudo rpm -i package_name

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati fi ohun elo AnyDesk sori ẹrọ lati .rpm faili ti o han, ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ sudo rpm -i anydesk-6.1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 

Lati ṣayẹwo tabi ṣayẹwo wiwa ohun elo sọfitiwia lori eto rẹ lo sintasi:

$ sudo rpm -q package_name

Fun apeere, lati ṣayẹwo boya Anydesk ti fi sii, ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa:

$ sudo rpm -q anydesk

Lati beere gbogbo awọn idii sọfitiwia lọwọlọwọ, lo aṣẹ:

$ sudo rpm -qa

Lati aifi apo-iwe kuro ni lilo aṣẹ rpm lo sintasi:

$ sudo rpm -e package_name

Fun apere:

$ sudo rpm -e anydesk

Awọn apt, dpkg, rpm, dnf, ati yum awọn aṣẹ jẹ awọn irinṣẹ laini aṣẹ ọwọ ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati fi sori ẹrọ, imudojuiwọn ati yọ awọn idii sọfitiwia lori eto Linux rẹ.