10 Ọpọlọpọ Awọn Aṣẹ Nginx Ti a Lo Gbogbo Olumulo Lainos Gbọdọ Mọ
Nginx (ti a pe ni engine x) jẹ ọfẹ, orisun-ṣiṣi, iṣẹ giga, iwọn, igbẹkẹle, ẹya kikun ati HTTP olokiki ati olupin aṣoju yiyipada, olupin aṣoju mail, ati olupin TCP/UDP aṣoju kan.
Nginx jẹ ẹni ti a mọ daradara fun iṣeto rẹ ti o rọrun, ati agbara ohun elo kekere nitori iṣẹ giga rẹ, o ti lo lati ṣe agbara ọpọlọpọ awọn aaye gbigbe-giga lori oju opo wẹẹbu, gẹgẹbi GitHub, SoundCloud, Dropbox, Netflix, WordPress ati ọpọlọpọ awọn omiiran.
Ninu itọsọna yii, a yoo ṣalaye diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ iṣakoso iṣẹ Nginx ti a lo julọ ti, bi olugbala tabi olutọju eto, o yẹ ki o wa ni ika ọwọ rẹ. A yoo fi awọn aṣẹ han fun Systemd ati SysVinit.
Gbogbo atokọ atẹle wọnyi ti awọn ofin olokiki Nginx gbọdọ wa ni ṣiṣe bi gbongbo tabi olumulo sudo ati pe o yẹ ki o ṣiṣẹ lori eyikeyi pinpin Lainos igbalode bi CentOS, RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu ati Fedora.
Fi Nginx Server sii
Lati fi sori ẹrọ olupin ayelujara Nginx, lo oluṣakoso package pinpin aiyipada rẹ bi o ti han.
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL] $ sudo dnf install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu] $ sudo apt install nginx [On Fedora]
Ṣayẹwo Ẹya Nginx
Lati ṣayẹwo ẹya ti olupin ayelujara Nginx ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori eto Linux rẹ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.
$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
Aṣẹ ti o wa loke n ṣe afihan nọmba ẹya. Ti o ba fẹ wo ẹya ati tunto awọn aṣayan lẹhinna lo asia -V bi o ti han.
$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'
Ṣayẹwo Syntax Iṣeto iṣeto Nginx
Ṣaaju ki o to bẹrẹ iṣẹ Nginx ni otitọ, o le ṣayẹwo boya iṣeduro iṣeto rẹ jẹ ti o tọ. Eyi wulo julọ paapaa ti o ba ti ṣe awọn ayipada tabi ṣafikun iṣeto tuntun si eto iṣeto tẹlẹ.
Lati ṣe idanwo iṣeto Nginx, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
O le idanwo iṣeto Nginx, da silẹ ki o jade ni lilo asia -T bi o ti han.
$ sudo nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
....
Bẹrẹ Iṣẹ Nginx
Lati bẹrẹ iṣẹ Nginx, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle. Akiyesi pe ilana yii le kuna ti iṣatunṣe iṣeto ko ba dara.
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit
Mu Iṣẹ Nginx ṣiṣẹ
Ofin ti tẹlẹ nikan bẹrẹ iṣẹ fun igba diẹ, lati jẹ ki o bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni akoko bata, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init
Tun Iṣẹ Nginx bẹrẹ
Lati tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ Nginx, iṣe kan eyiti yoo da ati lẹhinna bẹrẹ iṣẹ naa.
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init
Wo Ipo Iṣẹ Nginx
O le ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ Nginx gẹgẹbi atẹle. Aṣẹ yii fihan alaye ipo akoko ṣiṣe nipa iṣẹ naa.
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Tun gbega Iṣẹ Nginx
Lati sọ fun Nginx lati tun ṣe atunto iṣeto rẹ, lo aṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx reload #sysvinit
Duro Iṣẹ Nginx
Ti o ba fẹ da iṣẹ Nginx duro fun idi lẹẹkan tabi omiiran, lo aṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo systemctl stop nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx stop #sysvinit
Ṣe afihan Iranlọwọ Nfin Nginx
Lati gba itọsọna itọkasi rọrun ti gbogbo awọn ofin Nginx ati awọn aṣayan, lo pipaṣẹ atẹle.
$ systemctl -h nginx
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H --host=[[email ]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
...
O tun le fẹ lati ka wọnyi atẹle awọn nkan ti o ni ibatan Nginx.
- Itọsọna Gbẹhin lati Ni aabo, Ikunkun ati Ṣiṣe Iṣe ti Olupin Wẹẹbu Nginx
- Ṣafikun - Ṣiṣe abojuto NGINX Ṣe Rọrun
- ngxtop - Atẹle Awọn faili Wọle Nginx ni Akoko Gidi ni Linux
- Bii o ṣe le Fi Nginx sori ẹrọ pẹlu Awọn ogun Foju ati Iwe-ẹri SSL
- Bii o ṣe le Tọju Nginx Server Version ni Linux
Iyẹn ni gbogbo fun bayi! Ninu itọsọna yii, a ti ṣalaye diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ iṣakoso iṣẹ Nginx ti o wọpọ julọ ti o yẹ ki o mọ, pẹlu bibẹrẹ, muu ṣiṣẹ, tun bẹrẹ ati didaduro Nginx. Ti o ba ni awọn afikun tabi awọn ibeere lati beere, lo fọọmu esi ni isalẹ.