Bii o ṣe le Fi Docker sori ati Ṣiṣe Awọn apoti Docker ni Ubuntu


Docker jẹ orisun ṣiṣi ati olokiki ipa ipele eto iṣẹ ṣiṣe (eyiti a mọ julọ bi\"ikojọpọ") imọ-ẹrọ ti akọkọ nṣiṣẹ lori Lainos ati Windows. Docker jẹ ki o rọrun lati ṣẹda, fi ranṣẹ, ati ṣiṣe awọn ohun elo nipasẹ lilo awọn apoti.

Pẹlu awọn apoti, awọn olupilẹṣẹ (ati awọn alakoso eto) le ṣajọ ohun elo pẹlu ohun gbogbo ti o nilo lati ṣiṣe ohun elo naa - koodu, akoko ṣiṣe, awọn ikawe, awọn oniyipada ayika, ati awọn faili iṣeto, ati gbe gbogbo rẹ jade bi package kan. Bẹẹni, o dara pupọ!

Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a yoo fi ọ han bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ Docker CE (Ẹya Agbegbe), ṣẹda ati ṣiṣe awọn apoti Docker lori pinpin Ubuntu.

Fifi Docker CE (Ẹya Agbegbe) sinu Ubuntu

1. Lati fi Docker CE sori ẹrọ, akọkọ, o nilo lati yọ awọn ẹya atijọ ti Docker kuro ni a pe ni docker , docker.io , tabi docker-engine lati inu eto nipa lilo pipaṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

2. Itele, o nilo lati ṣeto ibi ipamọ Docker lati fi sori ẹrọ ati imudojuiwọn Docker lati ibi ipamọ nipa lilo awọn ofin atẹle.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

3. Ṣe imudojuiwọn atokọ package apt ki o fi ẹya tuntun ti Docker CE sii nipa lilo awọn ofin atẹle.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB]
Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB]
Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s)                                     
...

4. Lẹhin ti n ṣaṣeyọri fifi sori package Docker CE, iṣẹ naa yẹ ki o bẹrẹ-laifọwọyi ati mu agbara ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ ni bata eto, o le ṣayẹwo ipo rẹ nipa lilo pipaṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo systemctl status docker 
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 8
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"

5. Lakotan, rii daju pe Docker CE ti fi sori ẹrọ daradara nipasẹ ṣiṣe hello-world aworan.

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Kọ ẹkọ Awọn aṣẹ Docker Ipilẹ ni Ubuntu

6. Lati gba alaye nipa Docker, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo docker info

Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.452GiB
Name: tecmint
ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

7. Lati gba alaye nipa ẹya Docker, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo docker version

Client:
 Version:           18.09.3
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        774a1f4
 Built:             Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.3
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       774a1f4
  Built:            Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

8. Lati gba atokọ ti gbogbo awọn ofin Docker to wa ni ṣiṣe docker lori ebute rẹ.

$ docker

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes
....

Ṣe igbasilẹ Aworan Docker kan ni Ubuntu

9. Lati ṣiṣe apoti apoti Docker, akọkọ, o nilo lati ṣe igbasilẹ aworan kan lati Ipele Docker - pese awọn aworan ọfẹ lati awọn ibi ipamọ rẹ.

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati ṣe igbasilẹ aworan Docker kan ti a pe ni CentOS 7 , gbekalẹ aṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo docker search centos

NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   5227                [OK]                
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              120                                     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86…   107                                     [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session…   81                                      [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              50                                      [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   47                                      
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      43                                      
gluster/gluster-centos             Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 +  Glust…   40                                      [OK]
openshift/base-centos7             A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I…   39                                      
centos/postgresql-96-centos7       PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational …   37                                      
centos/python-35-centos7           Platform for building and running Python 3.5…   33                                      
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 26                                      [OK]
openshift/jenkins-2-centos7        A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w…   20                                      
centos/php-56-centos7              Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap…   19                                      
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names…   10                                      
openshift/wildfly-101-centos7      A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use …   6                                       
openshift/jenkins-1-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima…   4                                       
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do…   2                                       
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t…   2                                       
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi…   1                                       
openshift/wildfly-81-centos7       A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w…   1                                       
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                                       [OK]
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                                       [OK]
jameseckersall/sonarr-centos       Sonarr on CentOS 7                              0                                       [OK]

10. Lẹhin ti o pinnu lori iru aworan ti o fẹ lati ṣiṣẹ da lori awọn ibeere rẹ, ṣe igbasilẹ rẹ ni agbegbe nipasẹ ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ isalẹ (ninu idi eyi aworan CentOS ti gba lati ayelujara ati lo).

$ docker pull centos

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

11. Lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn aworan Docker ti o wa lori agbalejo rẹ ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB
centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        3 months ago        202MB

12. Ti o ko ba fẹ aworan Docker mọ ati pe o le yọ kuro nipa lilo pipaṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo docker rmi centos

Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb
Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956

Ṣiṣe Apoti Docker kan ni Ubuntu

13. Lati ṣẹda ati ṣiṣe ohun elo Docker kan, akọkọ o nilo lati ṣiṣe aṣẹ kan sinu aworan CentOS ti o gba lati ayelujara, nitorinaa aṣẹ ipilẹ yoo jẹ lati ṣayẹwo faili ikede pinpin ninu apo eiyan nipa lilo aṣẹ ologbo , bi o ṣe han.

$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue

14. Lati tun ṣiṣe awọn apoti lẹẹkansi, akọkọ o nilo lati gba ID ID tabi Orukọ nipasẹ ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ atẹle, eyi ti yoo han atokọ ti awọn apoti ti nṣiṣẹ ati duro:

$ sudo docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
0ddfa81c5779        centos              "cat /etc/issue"    About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       elastic_shirley

15. Lọgan ti a ti gba ID tabi Apoti Apoti, o le bẹrẹ apo eiyan nipa lilo aṣẹ atẹle:

$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker start elastic_shirley

Nibi, okun 0ddfa81c5779 duro fun ID eiyan ati elastic_shirley duro fun Orukọ apoti.

16. Lati da ṣiṣe eiyan ṣiṣe docker duro pipaṣẹ nipa sisọ ID Ẹru tabi Orukọ naa.

$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley

17. Ọna ti o dara julọ diẹ sii, ki o maṣe ranti ID ID eiyan yoo jẹ lati ṣalaye orukọ alailẹgbẹ fun apoti kọọkan ti o ṣẹda nipa lilo aṣayan --name bi o ti han.

$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue

18. Lati le sopọ ati ṣiṣe awọn aṣẹ Linux sinu ọrọ eiyan aṣẹ wọnyi.

$ docker run -it centos bash

 uname -a
Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

19. Lati dawọ ati pada lati gbalejo lati igba igba eiyan ti o nṣiṣẹ o gbọdọ tẹ ijade aṣẹ bi o ti han.

$ exit

Iyẹn ni gbogbo fun ifọwọyi eiyan ipilẹ. Ti o ba ni ibeere tabi awọn asọye nipa nkan yii, lo fọọmu esi ni isalẹ lati de ọdọ wa.