Bii o ṣe le Ṣeto Server DHCP ati Onibara lori CentOS ati Ubuntu


DHCP (kukuru fun Protocol Protocol Hosting Dynamic Protocol) jẹ ilana alabara kan/olupin ti o fun olupin laaye lati fi adirẹsi IP laifọwọyi ati awọn ipilẹ iṣeto ni ibatan miiran (gẹgẹbi iboju boju-boju ati ẹnu ọna aiyipada) si alabara kan lori nẹtiwọọki kan.

DHCP ṣe pataki nitori o ṣe idiwọ eto kan tabi olutọju nẹtiwọọki lati tunto awọn adirẹsi IP pẹlu ọwọ fun awọn kọnputa tuntun ti a ṣafikun si nẹtiwọọki tabi awọn kọnputa ti a gbe lati inu subnet kan si omiiran.

Adirẹsi IP ti a fi sọtọ nipasẹ olupin DHCP kan si alabara DHCP wa lori ‘‘ yiyalo ’’, akoko yiyalo deede yatọ si da lori bi igba ti kọnputa alabara kan yoo nilo asopọ naa tabi iṣeto DHCP naa.

Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a yoo ṣalaye bi o ṣe le tunto olupin DHCP kan ni CentOS ati awọn pinpin Ubuntu Linux lati fi adirẹsi IP si ẹrọ alabara kan laifọwọyi.

Fifi Server DHCP sori CentOS ati Ubuntu

Apakan olupin DCHP wa ni awọn ibi ipamọ osise ti awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux, fifi sori jẹ ohun rọrun, ṣiṣe ni aṣẹ atẹle.

# yum install dhcp		        #CentOS
$ sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server	#Ubuntu

Lọgan ti fifi sori ẹrọ ba pari, tunto wiwo ti o fẹ ki daemon DHCP ṣe iṣẹ awọn ibeere ni faili iṣeto/ati be be lo/aiyipada/isc-dhcp-server tabi/ati be be/sysconfig/dhcpd.

# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd		 #CentOS
$ sudo vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server	 #Ubuntu

Fun apẹẹrẹ, ti o ba fẹ ki daemon DHCPD tẹtisi lori eth0 , ṣeto rẹ nipa lilo itọsọna atẹle.

DHCPDARGS=”eth0”

Fipamọ faili naa ki o jade.

Tito leto DHCP Server ni CentOS ati Ubuntu

Faili iṣeto DHCP akọkọ wa ni /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf , eyiti o yẹ ki o ni awọn eto ti kini lati ṣe, ibiti o ṣe nkan ati gbogbo awọn ipele nẹtiwọọki lati pese si awọn alabara.

Faili yii ni ipilẹṣẹ ni atokọ ti awọn alaye ti a ṣajọpọ si awọn ẹka meji gbooro:

  • Awọn ipilẹ aye: ṣọkasi bi o ṣe le ṣe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe kan, boya lati ṣe iṣẹ-ṣiṣe kan, tabi kini awọn iṣiro iṣeto ni nẹtiwọọki lati pese si alabara DHCP.
  • Awọn ikede: ṣalaye topology nẹtiwọọki, sọ pe awọn alabara wa ninu, ṣe adirẹsi awọn adirẹsi fun awọn alabara, tabi lo ẹgbẹ awọn ipele si ẹgbẹ awọn ikede.

Bayi, ṣii ati ṣatunkọ faili iṣeto lati tunto olupin DHCP rẹ.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf	
# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf	

------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf				

Bẹrẹ nipa sisọ awọn ipilẹ agbaye ti o wọpọ si gbogbo awọn nẹtiwọọki ti o ni atilẹyin, ni oke faili naa. Wọn yoo lo si gbogbo awọn ikede naa:

option domain-name "tecmint.lan";
option domain-name-servers ns1.tecmint.lan, ns2.tecmint.lan;
default-lease-time 3600; 
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

Nigbamii ti, o nilo lati ṣalaye nẹtiwọọki kekere fun subnet inu inu ie 192.168.1.0/24 bi o ti han.

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        option routers                  192.168.1.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option domain-search            "tecmint.lan";
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.1.1;
        range   192.168.10.10   192.168.10.100;
        range   192.168.10.110   192.168.10.200;
}

Akiyesi pe awọn ogun ti o nilo awọn aṣayan iṣeto pataki le ṣe atokọ ninu awọn gbólóhùn ogun (wo oju-iwe eniyan dhcpd.conf).

Nisisiyi ti o ti tunto daemon olupin DHCP rẹ, o nilo lati bẹrẹ iṣẹ fun akoko ti o tumọ si ki o jẹ ki o bẹrẹ laifọwọyi lati bata eto atẹle, ki o ṣayẹwo boya oke ati ṣiṣe rẹ nipa lilo awọn ofin atẹle.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# systemctl start dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd

------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo systemctl start isc-dhcp-server
$ sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server
$ sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server

Nigbamii ti, awọn ibeere igbanilaaye si daemon DHCP lori Firewall, eyiti o tẹtisi lori ibudo 67/UDP, nipa ṣiṣiṣẹ.

------------ On CentOS ------------ 
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=dhcp
# firewall-cmd --reload 

#------------ On Ubuntu ------------
$ sudo ufw allow 67/udp
$ sudo ufw reload

Tito leto Awọn alabara DHCP

Lakotan, o nilo lati danwo ti olupin DHCP ba n ṣiṣẹ daradara. Logon si awọn ẹrọ alabara diẹ lori nẹtiwọọki ati tunto wọn lati gba awọn adirẹsi IP laifọwọyi lati ọdọ olupin naa.

Ṣe atunṣe faili iṣeto ti o yẹ fun wiwo eyiti awọn alabara yoo gba awọn adirẹsi IP laifọwọyi.

Lori CentOS, awọn faili atunto wiwo jẹun ti o wa ni/ati be be/sysconfig/awọn iwe afọwọkọ nẹtiwọọki /.

# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Ṣafikun awọn aṣayan ni isalẹ:

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes

Fipamọ faili naa ki o tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ nẹtiwọọki (tabi tun atunbere eto naa).

# systemctl restart network

Lori Ubuntu 16.04, o le tunto gbogbo wiwo ni faili atunto/ati be be lo/nẹtiwọọki/awọn atọkun.

   
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Ṣafikun awọn ila wọnyi ninu rẹ:

auto  eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Fipamọ faili naa ki o tun bẹrẹ awọn iṣẹ nẹtiwọọki (tabi tun atunbere eto naa).

$ sudo systemctl restart networking

Lori Ubuntu 18.04, nẹtiwọọki jẹ iṣakoso nipasẹ eto Netplan. O nilo lati satunkọ faili ti o yẹ labẹ itọsọna/ati be be lo/netplan /, fun apẹẹrẹ.

$ sudo vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 

Lẹhinna mu dhcp4 ṣiṣẹ labẹ wiwo kan pato fun apẹẹrẹ labẹ awọn ethernets, ens0, ki o ṣe asọye awọn atunto IP ti o ni ibatan aimi:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens0:
      dhcp4: yes

Fipamọ awọn ayipada ati ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle lati ṣe awọn ayipada naa.

$ sudo netplan apply 

Fun alaye diẹ sii, wo awọn oju-iwe eniyan dhcpd ati dhcpd.conf.

$ man dhcpd
$ man dhcpd.conf

Ninu nkan yii, a ti ṣalaye bi o ṣe le tunto olupin DHCP kan ni CentOS ati awọn kaakiri Ubuntu Linux. Ti o ba nilo alaye diẹ sii lori eyikeyi aaye, o le beere ibeere kan nipasẹ fọọmu esi ni isalẹ, tabi jiroro ni pin awọn asọye rẹ pẹlu wa.