12 Awọn Aṣẹ Pingi Iṣe Pingi ti o wulo fun Awọn olumulo Lainos
Ping jẹ ohun ti o rọrun, ti a lo ni ibigbogbo, iwulo nẹtiwọọki iru ẹrọ agbelebu fun idanwo ti o ba jẹ pe o le de ọdọ alejo lori Intanẹẹti Protocol (IP) kan. O ṣiṣẹ nipa fifiranṣẹ lẹsẹsẹ Ilana Ilana Ifiranṣẹ Intanẹẹti (ICMP) ECHO_REQUEST si ile-iṣẹ ti o fojusi ati nduro fun esi iwoyi ICMP (tabi ECHO_RESPONSE).
O le ṣiṣe idanwo ping lati le fi idi rẹ mulẹ ti kọnputa rẹ le ṣe ibasọrọ pẹlu kọnputa miiran (olukọ ibi-afẹde); o ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati pinnu:
- boya o jẹ pe o ti le gbalejo olupin (ṣiṣẹ) tabi rara,
- lati wiwọn iye akoko ti o gba fun awọn apo-iwe lati de ọdọ olupin ibi-afẹde ati pada si kọnputa rẹ (akoko-irin-ajo (rtt) ni sisọrọ pẹlu olukọ afojusun) ati
- pipadanu apo-iwe, ṣafihan bi ipin ogorun kan.
Ijade rẹ jẹ atokọ ti awọn idahun lati ọdọ oluṣojuuṣe pẹlu akoko ti o ya fun apo-iwe ti o kẹhin lati de ọdọ agbalejo afojusun ati pada si kọnputa rẹ O tun fihan akopọ iṣiro ti idanwo naa, deede pẹlu nọmba ti awọn apo-iwe ti a gbejade ati awọn ti a gba, ida ogorun pipadanu apo; o kere julọ, o pọju, awọn akoko iyipo apapọ, ati iyapa boṣewa ti apapọ (mdev). Ni ọran idanwo ping kan kuna, iwọ yoo wo awọn ifiranṣẹ aṣiṣe bi iṣẹjade.
Ninu nkan yii, a yoo ṣalaye 12 awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ ping ti o wulo fun idanwo isọdọtun ti ogun kan lori nẹtiwọọki kan.
Kọ ẹkọ Awọn apẹẹrẹ Ofin Pingi
1. O le ṣiṣe idanwo ping kan ti o rọrun lati rii boya agbalejo agbawole www.google.com le de ọdọ tabi rara. O tun le lo adiresi IP kan dipo orukọ ìkápá bi o ti han.
$ ping www.google.com OR $ ping 216.58.212.78
PING www.google.com (172.217.166.164) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.40 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=2.48 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=2.43 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=2.35 ms ^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.353/2.420/2.484/0.058 ms
Lati awọn abajade ti aṣẹ ti o wa loke, ping ṣaṣeyọri ati pe ko si awọn apo-iwe ti o sọnu. Ohun pataki kan lati ṣe akiyesi, ni iṣawari idanwo ping ni akoko ni ipari ti esi ping kọọkan. A ro pe o nṣe idanwo ping kan si awọn olupin rẹ, lẹhinna iye nihin ṣe pataki pupọ, da lori iru ohun elo ti o nṣiṣẹ lori olupin kan.
Ti, fun apẹẹrẹ, o ni ohun elo wẹẹbu kan nibiti ibeere olumulo olumulo kan ṣe awọn abajade sinu ọpọlọpọ awọn ibeere si ibi ipamọ data (s) lati ṣe awọn abajade lori UI, lẹhinna akoko ping kekere si olupin pato naa tumọ si pe a ti tan data diẹ sii laisi idaduro ati idakeji jẹ otitọ.
2. O le ṣọkasi nọmba ti ECHO_REQUEST’s lati firanṣẹ lẹhin eyi ti ijade ping, ni lilo asia -c bi o ti han (ninu ọran yii idanwo ping yoo duro lẹhin fifiranṣẹ awọn apo-iwe 5).
$ ping -c 5 www.google.com PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=29.4 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=30.2 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=5 ttl=56 time=29.6 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.499/29.781/30.285/0.307 ms
3. Flag -i gba ọ laaye lati ṣeto aarin ni iṣẹju-aaya laarin fifiranṣẹ kọọkan apo-iwe, iye aiyipada jẹ ọkan keji.
$ ping -i 3 -c 5 www.google.com
4. Lati pinnu idahun ti nẹtiwọọki rẹ labẹ awọn ipo fifuye giga, o le ṣiṣe\"ping iṣan omi" eyiti o firanṣẹ awọn ibeere ni yarayara bi o ti ṣee, ni lilo iyipada -f . Root nikan ni o le lo eyi aṣayan, bibẹkọ, lo aṣẹ sudo lati ni awọn anfani root.
$ sudo ping -f www.google.com OR $ sudo ping -f -i 3 www.google.com #specify interval between requests PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. .......................................................................................................................................................................................^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2331 packets transmitted, 2084 received, 10% packet loss, time 34095ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.096/29.530/61.474/1.417 ms, pipe 4, ipg/ewma 14.633/29.341 ms
5. O le mu pingi igbohunsafefe ṣiṣẹ nipa lilo -b bi o ṣe han.
$ ping -b 192.168.43.255
6. Lati se idinwo nọmba awọn hops nẹtiwọọki (TTL - Akoko-si-laaye) ti o wadiwo kọja, lo asia -t . O le ṣeto eyikeyi iye laarin 1 ati 255; awọn ọna ṣiṣe oriṣiriṣi oriṣiriṣi ṣeto awọn aiyipada oriṣiriṣi.
Olukọni kọọkan ti o gba awọn iyokuro apo-iwe ni o kere 1 lati inu kika ati pe ti iye naa ba tobi ju 0 lọ, olulana n ṣaju apo-iwe naa lọ si hop ti nbọ, bibẹkọ ti o danu o si firanṣẹ esi ICMP pada si kọnputa rẹ.
Ninu apẹẹrẹ yii, TTL ti kọja ati idanwo pingi ti kuna, bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto.
$ ping -t 10 www.google.com
7. Iwọn apo-iwe aiyipada yẹ ki o to fun idanwo ping kan, sibẹsibẹ, o le yi i pada lati ba awọn aini idanwo rẹ pato. O le ṣọkasi iwọn ti isanwo isanwo, ni nọmba awọn baiti nipa lilo aṣayan -s , eyiti yoo mu abajade iwọn apopọ lapapọ ti iye ti a pese pẹlu awọn baiti afikun 8 fun akọle ICMP.
$ ping -s 1000 www.google.com
8. Ti o ba ṣalaye preload, ping firanṣẹ pe ọpọlọpọ awọn apo-iwe ko duro de esi. Akiyesi pe gbongbo nikan le yan ṣaju diẹ sii ju 3 lọ, bibẹẹkọ, lo aṣẹ sudo lati ni awọn anfani root.
$ sudo ping -l 5 www.google.com
9. O tun ṣee ṣe lati ṣeto akoko lati duro de idahun kan, ni awọn iṣeju aaya, ni lilo aṣayan -W bi o ti han.
$ ping -W 10 www.google.com
10. Lati ṣeto akoko akoko ni iṣẹju-aaya, ṣaaju awọn ijade pingi laibikita iye awọn apo-iwe ti a ti fi ranṣẹ tabi gba, lo asia -w .
$ ping -w 10 www.google.com
11. Aṣayan -d ngbanilaaye lati mu ki n ṣatunṣe aṣiṣe papọ IP apejuwe bi o ti han.
$ ping -d www.google.com
12. O le mu iṣiṣẹ ọrọ ṣiṣẹ nipa lilo asia -v , bi atẹle.
$ ping -v www.google.com
Akiyesi: Ping ko le ṣee lo dandan fun idanwo sisopọ nẹtiwọọki, o sọ nirọrun boya adiresi IP n ṣiṣẹ tabi aisise. O ti lo deede pẹlu MTR - ọpa iwadii nẹtiwọọki igbalode kan ṣopọ iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti ping ati traceroute ati pe o nfunni ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya afikun.
Fun atokọ okeerẹ ti awọn irinṣẹ nẹtiwọọki, ṣayẹwo: Itọsọna Linux Sysadmin kan si Iṣakoso Nẹtiwọọki, Laasigbotitusita ati N ṣatunṣe aṣiṣe
Ping jẹ ọna ti o wọpọ pupọ fun laasigbotitusita wiwọle ti awọn ọmọ-ogun lori nẹtiwọọki kan. Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a ti ṣe alaye awọn apẹẹrẹ aṣẹ ping ti o wulo 12 fun idanwo isọdọtun ti ẹrọ nẹtiwọọki kan. Pin awọn ero pẹlu wa nipasẹ fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ.