Bii o ṣe le Fi Server Web Web Apache sori Ubuntu 18.04
Olupin HTTP Apache jẹ ọfẹ, orisun ṣiṣi, alagbara, iduroṣinṣin, igbẹkẹle ati ọpọlọpọ lilo olupin agbelebu-pẹpẹ olupin ti o gbooro julọ, eyiti o nṣiṣẹ lori awọn ọna bii Unix bii Lainos ati awọn ọna ṣiṣe Windows. O nfunni ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya ti o lagbara ti o ni awọn modulu fifuye agbara, atilẹyin media ti o lagbara, ati iṣedopọ titobi pẹlu sọfitiwia olokiki miiran. O tun n ṣiṣẹ bi aṣoju yiyipada fun awọn olupin miiran, fun apẹẹrẹ awọn olupin ohun elo bii Nodejs, Python ati diẹ sii.
Ninu nkan yii, a yoo ṣalaye bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ olupin ayelujara Apache kan lori Ubuntu 18.04. A yoo tun wo bi a ṣe le ṣakoso iṣẹ Apache nipasẹ siseto ati ṣẹda awọn ọmọ ogun foju fun siseto awọn oju opo wẹẹbu.
Igbesẹ 1: Fifi Afun sori Ubuntu 18.04
1. Apache wa lati awọn ibi ipamọ sọfitiwia Ubuntu ti oṣiṣẹ, akọkọ bẹrẹ nipasẹ mimuṣe atọka atokọ eto rẹ lẹhinna ṣafikun package Apache gẹgẹbi awọn igbẹkẹle nipa lilo oluṣakoso package APT.
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install apache2
Lọgan ti o ba ti fi olupin ayelujara Apache sori ẹrọ ni ifijišẹ, ṣe akiyesi awọn faili aiyipada pataki ati awọn ilana ilana Apache wọnyi.
- Ilana awọn faili atunto akọkọ:/ati be be lo/apache2 /.
- Faili atunto akọkọ: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.
- Awọn afikun awọn atunto iṣeto:/ati be be/apache2/conf-available/ati/ati be be/apache2/conf-enabled /.
- Awọn ipile iṣeto iṣeto awọn ọmọ ogun oju-ogun foju-aaye:/ati be be lo/apache2/awọn aaye wa/ati/ati be be lo/apache2/awọn aaye-sise /.
- Awọn atunto iṣeto fun awọn modulu ikojọpọ:/ati be be lo/apache2/mods-available/ati/ati be be/apache2/mods-enabled /.
- Iwe Akọsilẹ wẹẹbuRoot:/var/www/html /.
- Awọn faili iforukọsilẹ (aṣiṣe ati awọn akọọlẹ wiwọle) ilana:/var/log/apache /.
2. Lẹhin ilana fifi sori Apache, iṣẹ olupin wẹẹbu yẹ ki o bẹrẹ laifọwọyi, o le ṣayẹwo ti o ba wa ni oke ati ṣiṣe pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo systemctl status apache2
3. Bayi pe olupin ayelujara Apache rẹ ti n ṣiṣẹ, jẹ ki a kọja diẹ ninu awọn aṣẹ iṣakoso ipilẹ lati ṣakoso iṣẹ Apache ni lilo awọn ofin wọnyi.
$ sudo systemctl status apache2 $ sudo systemctl stop apache2 $ sudo systemctl start apache2 $ sudo systemctl restart apache2 $ sudo systemctl reload apache2 $ sudo systemctl enable apache2 $ sudo systemctl disable apache2
4. Itele, ti o ba ni ogiriina UFW ti o ṣiṣẹ ati ti n ṣiṣẹ lori ẹrọ rẹ, o nilo lati ṣii awọn ibudo 80 ati 443 lati gba awọn ibeere alabara laaye si olupin ayelujara Apache nipasẹ HTTP ati HTTPS lẹsẹsẹ, lẹhinna tun gbe awọn eto ogiriina sii ni lilo awọn ofin atẹle.
$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp $ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp $ sudo ufw reload
Igbesẹ 2: Ṣiṣayẹwo Server Server Apache lori Ubuntu 18.04
5. Bayi ṣe idanwo ti fifi sori Apache2 rẹ ba n ṣiṣẹ daradara; ṣii ẹrọ lilọ kiri lori ayelujara kan ki o tẹ URL atẹle si lati wọle si oju-iwe wẹẹbu aiyipada ti Apache.
http://domain_name/ OR http://SERVER_IP/
Ti o ba ri oju-iwe yii, o tumọ si olupin ayelujara Apache rẹ n ṣiṣẹ daradara. O tun fihan diẹ ninu alaye ipilẹ nipa awọn faili iṣeto Apache pataki ati awọn ipo itọsọna.
Akiyesi: Ti o ba fẹ lo orukọ ìkápá ahoro bii tecmint.local , eyiti kii ṣe ibugbe ti o forukọsilẹ ni kikun, o le ṣeto DNS agbegbe kan nipa lilo faili/ati be be lo/awọn ogun lori ẹrọ nibiti o yoo wọle si oju-iwe wẹẹbu aiyipada ti Apache.
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
Lẹhinna ṣafikun ila atẹle ni isalẹ faili naa, rii daju lati rọpo 192.168.56.101 ati tecmint.local pẹlu adirẹsi IP olupin rẹ ati orukọ agbegbe agbegbe.
192.168.56.101 tecmint.local
Igbesẹ 3: Ṣiṣeto Awọn ile-iṣẹ Aṣoju Apache lori Ubuntu 18.04
6. Nigbamii ti, a yoo ṣalaye bi a ṣe le ṣẹda awọn ogun foju ni olupin HTTP Apache (iru si awọn bulọọki olupin Nginx) fun awọn oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ti o ba ni aaye ti a pe ni example.com ti o fẹ gbalejo lori VPS rẹ ni lilo Apache, o nilo lati ṣẹda alejo gbigba foju kan fun labẹ koodu /ati be be/apache2/sites- wa/.
Akọkọ bẹrẹ nipa ṣiṣẹda itọsọna gbongbo iwe aṣẹ rẹ fun ašẹ rẹ apẹẹrẹ.com , nibiti awọn faili aaye rẹ yoo wa ni fipamọ.
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/example.com/
7. Lẹhinna ṣeto awọn igbanilaaye ti o yẹ lori itọsọna bi o ti han.
$ sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/example.com/ $ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/example.com/
8. Nigbamii, ṣẹda oju-iwe itọka html idanimọ kan fun aaye rẹ ninu itọsọna gbongbo ti oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ.
$ sudo vim /var/www/html/example.com/index.html
Ninu, ṣafikun koodu HTML atẹle.
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to Example.com!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The example.com virtual host is working!</h1>
</body>
</html>
Fipamọ ki o pa faili rẹ nigba ti o pari.
9. Bayi ṣẹda example.com.conf faili olugbalejo fojuran fun aaye rẹ labẹ/ati be be/apache2/awọn aaye-wa/itọsọna.
$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf
Lẹẹ ninu itọsọna iṣeto atẹle, eyiti o jọra si aiyipada, ṣugbọn imudojuiwọn pẹlu itọsọna tuntun tuntun ati orukọ ìkápá.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
ServerAdmin [email
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Fipamọ ki o pa faili rẹ nigba ti o pari.
10. Bayi muu iṣeto ni aaye rẹ ṣiṣẹ nipa lilo iwulo a2ensite.
$ sudo a2ensite example.com.conf
11. Nigbamii, ṣe idanwo iṣeto Apache2 rẹ fun eyikeyi awọn aṣiṣe, ti gbogbo rẹ ba dara, tun bẹrẹ iṣẹ apache2, bi o ti han.
$ sudo apache2ctl configtest $ sudo systemctl restart apache2
12. Niwọn igba ti orukọ ìkápá naa apẹẹrẹ.com jẹ ibugbe ahoro (kii ṣe ibugbe ti o forukọsilẹ ni kikun), o tun nilo lati ṣeto DNS agbegbe nipasẹ fifi kun faili/ati bẹbẹ/awọn ogun.
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
Lẹhinna ṣafikun ila atẹle ni isalẹ faili naa, rii daju lati rọpo 192.168.56.101 ati apẹẹrẹ.com pẹlu adirẹsi IP olupin rẹ ati orukọ agbegbe agbegbe.
192.168.56.101 example.com
Fipamọ faili naa ki o jade.
13. Lakotan ṣii ẹrọ lilọ kiri lori ayelujara kan ki o wọle si awọn oju-iwe atokọ ti aaye idanwo nipa lilo awọn URL wọnyi, bi a ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto.
http://example.com
O n niyen! Ninu nkan yii, a ti ṣalaye bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ olupin ayelujara Apache lori Ubuntu 18.04. A tun wo bi a ṣe le ṣakoso ilana Aapche2 nipasẹ siseto, ati ṣẹda ati muu awọn atunto ogun foju-oju-aye ṣiṣẹ. Ti o ba ni awọn ibeere eyikeyi, lo fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ lati kan si wa.