Bii o ṣe le Fi sori ẹrọ LEMP lori Debian 10 Server


Akopọ “LEMP” jẹ adalu sọfitiwia orisun-orisun eyiti a fi sori ẹrọ ni igbagbogbo lori olupin Linux lati fi awọn ohun elo agbara ṣiṣẹ. Oro yii jẹ adape ti o duro fun ọna ṣiṣe Linux, olupin ayelujara Nginx, ibi ipamọ data MariaDB, ati siseto PHP.

Botilẹjẹpe akopọ\"LEMP" yii ni MySQL deede ni eto iṣakoso data, diẹ ninu awọn pinpin Lainos bii Debian - lo MariaDB bi rirọpo-silẹ fun MySQL.

  1. Bii o ṣe le Fi Debian 10 (Buster) Olupin Pọọku sii

Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a yoo ṣalaye fun ọ bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati ṣeto agbegbe LEMP kan lori olupin Debian 10, ni lilo MariaDB bi pẹpẹ iṣakoso data.

Fifi Nginx Web Server sori Debian 10

Nginx jẹ orisun ṣiṣi ati pẹpẹ agbelebu, iwuwo fẹẹrẹ sibẹsibẹ lagbara ati rọrun lati tunto HTTP ati olupin aṣoju yiyipada, olupin aṣoju meeli, ati olupin aṣoju TCP/UDP kan, pẹlu faaji awoṣe.

Diẹ ninu awọn ẹya ipilẹ rẹ pẹlu sisẹ aimi ati awọn faili atọka; atilẹyin onikiakia pẹlu fifipamọ ti FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI, ati awọn apèsè Memcached, iwọntunwọnsi fifuye ati ifarada aṣiṣe, atilẹyin SSL ati TLS SNI, atilẹyin fun HTTP/2 pẹlu iwuwo iwuwo iwuwo ati igbẹkẹle.

Lati fi sori ẹrọ package Nginx, lo oluṣakoso package apt Debian bi o ti han.

# apt update 
# apt install nginx 

Lọgan ti fifi sori ẹrọ Nginx ti pari, oluṣeto yoo mu eto ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ iṣẹ Nginx fun bayi ati mu ki o bẹrẹ laifọwọyi ni bata eto. O le ṣayẹwo ipo Nginx nipa lilo pipaṣẹ systemctl atẹle.

# systemctl status nginx

O tun le lo awọn ofin pataki wọnyi lati bẹrẹ, tun bẹrẹ, da duro, ati tun gbe iṣeto ti iṣẹ Nginx labẹ eto.

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl restart nginx 
# systemctl stop nginx
# systemctl reload nginx 
# systemctl status nginx 

Nigbamii ti, ti o ba ni ogiriina UFW ti n ṣiṣẹ (o jẹ alaabo nigbagbogbo nipasẹ aiyipada), o nilo lati ṣii ibudo 80 (HTTP) ati 443 (HTTPS) lati gba ijabọ ti nwọle lori Nginx.

# ufw allow 80
# ufw allow 443
# ufw status

Ni aaye yii, o nilo lati ṣe idanwo ti o ba ti fi sii Nginx daradara, boya o nṣiṣẹ ati pe o le sin awọn oju-iwe wẹẹbu. Lati ṣe eyi, ṣii aṣawakiri wẹẹbu kan ki o tọka si URL atẹle lati wọle si oju-iwe wẹẹbu Aiyipada Nginx Debian.

http://SERVER_IP/
OR
http://localhost/

Fifi MariaDB sori Debian 10

Itele, o nilo lati fi sori ẹrọ eto data lati ni anfani lati tọju ati ṣakoso data fun oju opo wẹẹbu rẹ tabi ohun elo ayelujara. Debian 10 ṣe atilẹyin fun MariaDB nipasẹ aiyipada, bi rirọpo-silẹ fun MySQL.

Lati fi MariaDB sori ẹrọ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

# apt install mariadb-server

Nigbamii, ṣayẹwo ipo iṣẹ MariaDB nitori o ti bẹrẹ laifọwọyi nipasẹ ṣiṣe eto ati mu ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ ni bata eto, lati rii daju pe o ti n lọ ati ṣiṣe, lo pipaṣẹ atẹle.

# systemctl status mariadb

Lati ṣakoso (bẹrẹ, tun bẹrẹ, da duro ati tun gbee) iṣẹ MariaDB labẹ eto, o le lo aṣẹ atẹle.

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl restart mariadb
# systemctl stop mariadb
# systemctl reload mariadb

Nigbamii ti, imuṣiṣẹ MariaDB yoo jẹ ailewu nipasẹ aiyipada. O nilo lati ṣiṣẹ iwe afọwọkọ ikarahun kan eyiti o wọ pẹlu package, lati jẹ ki o mu ilọsiwaju aabo aabo data naa pọ si.

# mysql_secure_installation

Lẹhin ṣiṣe iwe afọwọkọ naa, yoo mu ọ nipasẹ lẹsẹsẹ awọn ibeere atẹle lati ṣe atunṣe awọn eto aiyipada ti fifi sori ẹrọ MariaDB bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto atẹle.

Fifi PHP-FPM (Oluṣakoso Ilana Yara) lori Debian 10

Ko dabi Apache ati awọn olupin ayelujara miiran, Nginx ko pese atilẹyin abinibi fun PHP, bi o ṣe nlo PHP-FPM lati mu awọn ibeere fun awọn oju-iwe PHP. PHP-FPM jẹ daemon FastCGI miiran fun PHP ti o fun laaye aaye ayelujara kan lati mu awọn ẹru giga, nipa lilo awọn ilana oṣiṣẹ lati mu awọn ibeere.

Lati fi ẹya 7.3 PHP-FPM sori ẹrọ ati module PHP lati ṣe ibasọrọ pẹlu eto data data MariaDB/MySQL, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle.

# apt install php-fpm php-mysqli

Lẹhin ti o ti fi PHP-FPM sori ẹrọ, oluṣeto yoo mu eto ṣiṣẹ lati bẹrẹ iṣẹ PHP-FPM fun bayi ati mu ki o bẹrẹ ni idojukọ ni ibẹrẹ eto. Lati ṣayẹwo ti o ba wa ni oke ati ṣiṣe, gbekalẹ aṣẹ atẹle.

# systemctl status php-fpm

O tun le bẹrẹ, tun bẹrẹ iduro, ki o tun tun gbe iṣeto ti iṣẹ PHP-FPM labẹ eto, bi atẹle.

# systemctl start php-fpm
# systemctl restart php-fpm
# systemctl stop php-fpm
# systemctl reload php-fpm
# systemctl status php-fpm

Nigbamii ti, o nilo lati ni aabo PHP-FPM nipa ṣiṣe diẹ ninu awọn ayipada ninu faili iṣeto /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini gẹgẹbi atẹle.

# vi /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini

Wa fun ; cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 ṣe airotẹlẹ rẹ nipa yiyọ kikọ ; ni ibẹrẹ, ṣeto iye rẹ si 0 . Eyi ṣe idiwọ Nginx lati gba awọn faili ti kii ṣe PHP laaye lati ṣe bi PHP.

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

Nipa aiyipada, PHP-FPM ti wa ni tunto lati tẹtisi lori soxket UNIX kan, /run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock bi a ti ṣalaye ninu faili iṣeto /etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf. O ni lati tunto gbogbo bulọọki olupin rẹ (tabi awọn ọmọ ogun foju) lati lo iho yii ti wọn ba ni lati ṣiṣẹ ati lati sin awọn oju-iwe PHP.

O le lo faili iṣeto iṣeto bulọọki olupin Nginx/abbl/nginx/awọn aaye-wa/aiyipada lati danwo rẹ.

# vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default 

Wa fun apakan atẹle ki o ṣoki rẹ lati kọja awọn iwe afọwọkọ PHP si olupin FastCGI bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto.

location ~ \.php$ {
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
}

Nigbamii, ṣe idanwo ti iṣeto iṣeto Nginx ba dara, ni lilo pipaṣẹ atẹle.

# nginx -t

Ti iṣeto Nginx ba dara, lati lo awọn ayipada ti a ṣe laipẹ, tun bẹrẹ awọn iṣẹ php7.3-fpm ati awọn iṣẹ nginx gẹgẹbi atẹle.

# systemctl restart php7.2-fpm
# systemctl restart nginx

Idanwo PHP-FPM Ṣiṣe lori Nginx

Lẹhin atunto PHP-FPM ati Nginx lati ṣiṣẹ pọ, o nilo lati ṣe idanwo ti awọn iṣẹ meji ba le ṣe ilana ati sin awọn oju-iwe PHP si awọn alabara. Lati ṣe eyi, ṣẹda iwe afọwọkọ PHP ti o rọrun ninu DocumentRoot wẹẹbu rẹ bi atẹle.

# echo “<?php phpinfo(); ?>”  | tee /var/www/html/info.php

Lakotan, ṣii ẹrọ lilọ kiri lori ayelujara kan ki o tẹ adirẹsi atẹle naa lati wo awọn atunto PHP lori eto bi ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ iṣẹ phpinfo() .

http://SERVER_IP/info.php
OR
http://localhost/info.php

Ninu akọle yii, a ti fihan bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto akopọ LEMP ni Debian 10. Ti o ba ni ibeere tabi esi eyikeyi, jọwọ ṣii jade ki o jẹ ki a mọ nipasẹ fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ.