Fi Olupin Ifiweranṣẹ Pipari pẹlu Postfix ati Webmail ni Debian 9
Itọsọna yii yoo tọ ọ lori bi o ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati tunto olupin meeli pipe pẹlu Postfix ni itusilẹ Debian 9. Yoo tun bo bii o ṣe le tunto awọn apoti leta awọn iroyin ni lilo Dovecot lati le gba pada ati ṣajọ awọn leta nipasẹ ilana IMAP. Awọn olumulo yoo lo ni wiwo Rainloop Webmail bi oluranlowo olumulo meeli lati mu meeli mu.
- Fifi sori Iwonba Debian 9
- Adirẹsi IP aimi kan ti a tunto fun wiwo nẹtiwọọki
- Agbegbe tabi orukọ ìkápá ti a forukọsilẹ ti gbogbo eniyan.
Ninu ẹkọ yii a yoo lo akọọlẹ ašẹ ikọkọ fun iṣeto olupin olupin meeli ti a tunto nipasẹ/ati be be/awọn ogun nikan, laisi olupin DNS eyikeyi ti o kan ninu mimu ipinnu DNS
Igbesẹ 1: Awọn atunto Ibẹrẹ fun Postfix Mail Server lori Debian
1. Ni igbesẹ akọkọ, buwolu wọle si ẹrọ rẹ pẹlu akọọlẹ kan pẹlu awọn anfani root tabi taara pẹlu olumulo gbongbo ati rii daju pe eto Debian rẹ ti di imudojuiwọn pẹlu awọn abulẹ aabo tuntun ati sọfitiwia ati awọn idasilẹ awọn idii, nipa ipinfunni aṣẹ atẹle.
# apt-get update # apt-get upgrade
2. Ni igbesẹ ti n tẹle fi awọn idii sọfitiwia atẹle ti yoo ṣee lo fun iṣakoso eto, nipa ipinfunni aṣẹ atẹle.
# apt-get install curl net-tools bash-completion wget lsof nano
3. Itele, ṣii /etc/host.conf faili fun ṣiṣatunkọ pẹlu olootu ọrọ ayanfẹ rẹ ati ṣafikun ila atẹle ni ibẹrẹ faili naa ni ibere fun ipinnu DNS lati ka faili awọn ọmọ ogun ni akọkọ.
order hosts,bind multi on
4. Itele, ṣeto ẹrọ rẹ FQDN ki o fikun orukọ ibugbe rẹ ati eto rẹ FQDN si/ati be be lo/faili awọn faili. Lo adirẹsi IP eto rẹ lati yanju orukọ ìkápá naa ati FQDN bi a ṣe ṣalaye ninu sikirinifoto ti isalẹ.
Rọpo adirẹsi IP ati ibugbe ni ibamu. Lẹhinna, tun atunbere ẹrọ naa lati le lo orukọ ile-iṣẹ daradara.
# hostnamectl set-hostname mail.linux-console.net # echo "192.168.0.102 linux-console.net mail.linux-console.net" >> /etc/hosts # init 6
5. Lẹhin atunbere, ṣayẹwo boya ti o ba ti tunto orukọ-ogun naa daradara nipasẹ ipinfunni atẹle awọn ofin. Orukọ ìkápá naa, FQDN, orukọ agbalejo ati adirẹsi IP ti eto yẹ ki o pada nipasẹ aṣẹ orukọ ogun.
# hostname # hostname -s # hostname -f # hostname -A # hostname -i # cat /etc/hostname
6. Pẹlupẹlu, ṣe idanwo ti agbegbe naa ba dahun ni deede si awọn ibeere agbegbe nipa ipinfunni awọn ofin isalẹ. Jẹ ki o mọ pe agbegbe naa kii yoo ṣe atunyẹwo si awọn ibeere latọna jijin ti awọn eto miiran ti pese ni nẹtiwọọki rẹ, nitori a ko lo olupin DNS kan.
Sibẹsibẹ, ìkápá naa yẹ ki o dahun lati awọn ọna miiran ti o ba fi ọwọ kun orukọ ìkápá si ọkọọkan ti faili wọn/ati be be lo/awọn ogun. Pẹlupẹlu, ṣe akiyesi pe ipinnu DNS fun ìkápá kan ti a ṣafikun si/ati be be lo/awọn ogun kii yoo ṣiṣẹ nipasẹ awọn pipaṣẹ n walẹ.
# getent ahosts mail.linux-console.net # ping linux-console.net # ping mail.linux-console.net
Igbesẹ 2: Fi Olupin Ifiranṣẹ Postfix sori Debian
7. Ẹya pataki julọ ti sọfitiwia ti a beere fun olupin meeli lati ṣiṣẹ daradara ni oluranlowo MTA. MTA jẹ sọfitiwia ti a ṣe sinu faaji alabara olupin, eyiti o jẹ iduro fun gbigbe meeli laarin awọn olupin meeli.
Ninu itọsọna yii a yoo lo Postfix bi oluranlowo gbigbe mail. Lati fi sori ẹrọ ifiweranṣẹ ni Debian lati awọn ibi ipamọ osise ṣiṣẹ pipaṣẹ wọnyi.
# apt-get install postfix
8. Lakoko ilana fifi sori ẹrọ ti Postfix iwọ yoo beere ọpọlọpọ awọn ibeere. Lori iyara akọkọ, yan aṣayan Aye Ayelujara bi oriṣi gbogbogbo fun iṣeto Postfix ki o tẹ bọtini [tẹ] lati tẹsiwaju ati lẹhinna ṣafikun orukọ ibugbe rẹ si orukọ meeli eto, bi a ṣe ṣalaye ninu awọn sikirinisoti atẹle.
Igbesẹ 3: Ṣe atunto Olupin Ifiranṣẹ Postfix lori Debian
9. Itele, afẹyinti Postfix faili iṣeto akọkọ ati tunto Postfix fun ibugbe rẹ nipa lilo awọn ofin wọnyi.
# cp /etc/postfix/main.cf{,.backup}
# nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
Bayi tunto atunto Postfix ninu faili main.cf bi o ti han.
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = mail.debian.lan
mydomain = debian.lan
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
#inet_protocols = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
home_mailbox = Maildir/
# SMTP-Auth settings
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
Rọpo orukọ myhost, mydomain ati awọn oniyipada mynetworks lati baamu awọn atunto tirẹ.
O le ṣiṣe aṣẹ postconf -n lati le da faili faili iṣeto akọkọ ti Postfix silẹ ati ṣayẹwo awọn aṣiṣe iṣẹlẹ, bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto ti isalẹ.
# postconf -n
10. Lẹhin ti gbogbo awọn atunto wa ni ipo, tun bẹrẹ daemon Postfix lati lo awọn ayipada ati ṣayẹwo ti iṣẹ naa ba nṣiṣẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣe ayẹwo ti iṣẹ oluwa Postfix ba di abuda lori ibudo 25 nipasẹ ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ netstat.
# systemctl restart postfix # systemctl status postfix # netstat -tlpn
Igbesẹ 3: Idanwo Postfix Mail Server lori Debian
11. Lati le ṣe idanwo ti ifiweranse le mu gbigbe gbigbe meeli, kọkọ fi package meeli ranṣẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ atẹle.
# apt-get install mailutils
12. Nigbamii, ni lilo iwulo laini aṣẹ ifiweranṣẹ, firanṣẹ meeli kan si akọọlẹ gbongbo ati ṣayẹwo ti o ba ti firanṣẹ meeli naa ni ifijišẹ nipasẹ ipinfunni aṣẹ isalẹ lati le ṣayẹwo isinyi meeli ati atokọ akoonu ti gbongbo ile Maildir ile.
# echo "mail body"| mail -s "test mail" root # mailq # mail # ls Maildir/ # ls Maildir/new/ # cat Maildir/new/[TAB]
13. O tun le rii daju ni ọna wo ni a fi ọwọ mu meeli naa nipasẹ iṣẹ ifiweranṣẹ nipasẹ ṣiṣe ayẹwo akoonu ti faili log meeli nipasẹ ipinfunni aṣẹ atẹle.
# tailf /var/log/mail.log
Igbesẹ 4: Fi sori ẹrọ ati Tunto IMAP Dovecot lori Debian
14. Aṣoju ifijiṣẹ ifiweranṣẹ ti a yoo lo ninu itọsọna yii lati firanṣẹ awọn ifiranṣẹ imeeli si awọn apoti leta olugba ti agbegbe ni Dovecot IMAP. IMAP jẹ ilana ti o ṣiṣẹ lori awọn ibudo 143 ati 993 (SSL), eyiti o jẹ kika kika, piparẹ tabi gbigbe awọn leta kọja awọn alabara imeeli pupọ.
Ilana IMAP tun nlo amuṣiṣẹpọ lati rii daju pe ẹda ti ifiranṣẹ kọọkan wa ni fipamọ lori olupin ati gba awọn olumulo laaye lati ṣẹda awọn ilana pupọ lori olupin ati gbe awọn meeli si awọn ilana yii lati le to awọn imeeli naa.
Eyi kii ṣe ọran pẹlu ilana POP3. Ilana POP3 kii yoo gba awọn olumulo laaye lati ṣẹda awọn ilana pupọ lori olupin lati to awọn meeli rẹ. O ni folda apo-iwọle nikan lati ṣakoso meeli.
Lati fi sori ẹrọ olupin mojuto Dovecot ati package Dovecot IMAP lori Debian ṣiṣẹ pipaṣẹ wọnyi.
# apt install dovecot-core dovecot-imapd
15. Lẹhin ti a ti fi Dovecot sori ẹrọ rẹ, ṣii awọn faili dovecot isalẹ fun ṣiṣatunkọ ki o ṣe awọn ayipada wọnyi. Ni akọkọ, ṣii /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf faili, wa ati ṣoki laini atẹle:
listen = *, ::
16. Nigbamii ti, ṣii /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf fun ṣiṣatunkọ ati wa ati yi awọn ila isalẹ pada lati dabi ninu iyasọtọ ni isalẹ.
disable_plaintext_auth = no auth_mechanisms = plain login
17. Ṣi faili /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf ki o ṣafikun ila atẹle lati lo ipo Maildir dipo ọna kika Mbox lati tọju awọn apamọ.
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
18. Faili ti o kẹhin lati satunkọ ni /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf. Nibi wa Àkọsílẹ Postfix smtp-auth ati ṣe iyipada atẹle:
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0666
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
19. Lẹhin ti o ti ṣe gbogbo awọn ayipada ti o wa loke, tun bẹrẹ daemon Dovecot lati ṣe afihan awọn ayipada, ṣayẹwo ipo rẹ ki o ṣayẹwo bi Dovecot ba di abuda lori ibudo 143, nipa sisọ awọn ofin isalẹ.
# systemctl restart dovecot.service # systemctl status dovecot.service # netstat -tlpn
20. Ṣe idanwo ti olupin meeli ba n ṣiṣẹ daradara nipa fifi iroyin olumulo tuntun si eto naa ati lo telnet tabi aṣẹ netcat lati sopọ si olupin SMTP ki o firanṣẹ meeli tuntun si olumulo ti a ṣafikun tuntun, bi a ṣe ṣalaye ninu awọn iyasọtọ isalẹ.
# adduser matie # nc localhost 25 # ehlo localhost mail from: root rcpt to: matie data subject: test Mail body . quit
21. Ṣayẹwo ti meeli naa ba ti de si apoti leta olumulo tuntun nipa kikojọ akoonu ti itọsọna ile olumulo bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto ti o wa ni isalẹ.
# ls /home/test_mail/Maildir/new/
22. Pẹlupẹlu, o le sopọ si apoti leta ti olumulo lati laini aṣẹ nipasẹ ilana IMAP, bi o ṣe han ninu iyọkuro isalẹ. Meeli tuntun yẹ ki o wa ni atokọ ninu Apo-iwọle olumulo.
# nc localhost 143 x1 LOGIN matie user_password x2 LIST "" "*" x3 SELECT Inbox x4 LOGOUT
Igbesẹ 5: Fi sori ẹrọ ati Tunto Wẹẹbu ni Debian
23. Awọn olumulo yoo ṣakoso awọn imeeli wọn nipasẹ alabara Rainloop Webmail. Ṣaaju ki o to fi oluranlowo olumulo ranṣẹ Rainloop meeli, kọkọ fi olupin HTTP Afun ati awọn modulu PHP atẹle ti o nilo nipasẹ Rainloop, nipa ipinfunni aṣẹ atẹle.
# apt install apache2 php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-curl php7.0-xml
24. Lẹhin ti a ti fi olupin ayelujara Apache sori ẹrọ, yi ọna itọsọna pada si/var/www/html/liana, yọ faili index.html kuro ki o fun ni aṣẹ atẹle lati fi sori ẹrọ Rainloop Webmail.
# cd /var/www/html/ # rm index.html # curl -sL https://repository.rainloop.net/installer.php | php
25. Lẹhin ti a ti fi olubara Rainloop Webmail sori ẹrọ ninu eto, lọ kiri si adiresi IP agbegbe rẹ ati buwolu wọle si oju opo wẹẹbu abojuto Rainloop pẹlu awọn iwe eri aiyipada atẹle:
http://192.168.0.102/?admin User: admin Password: 12345
26. Lilọ kiri si akojọ aṣayan Awọn ibugbe, lu lori Ṣafikun Bọtini ase ki o ṣafikun awọn eto orukọ ibugbe rẹ bi o ṣe han ninu sikirinifoto ti isalẹ.
27. Lẹhin ti o ti pari fifi awọn eto ibugbe rẹ kun, jade kuro ni wiwo abojuto Ranloop ki o tọka aṣawakiri si adiresi IP rẹ lati wọle si alabara webmail pẹlu iwe apamọ imeeli.
Lẹhin ti o ti wọle ni ifijišẹ wọle si weblome Rainloop o yẹ ki o wo imeeli ti a firanṣẹ tẹlẹ lati laini aṣẹ sinu folda Apo-iwọle rẹ.
http://192.168.0.102 User: [email Pass: the matie password
27. Lati ṣafikun oro olumulo userrad tuntun pẹlu asia -m lati le ṣẹda itọsọna ile olumulo. Ṣugbọn, akọkọ rii daju pe o tunto iyipada ọna Maildir fun gbogbo olumulo pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
# echo 'export MAIL=$HOME/Maildir' >> /etc/profile # useradd -m user3 # passwd user3
28. Ti o ba fẹ ṣe atunṣe gbogbo imeeli gbongbo si akọọlẹ meeli agbegbe kan pato lati inu eto, ṣiṣe awọn ofin isalẹ. Gbogbo awọn ifiweranṣẹ ti a darí tabi ti pinnu si gbongbo iroyin yoo wa ni gbigbe si olumulo meeli rẹ bi o ṣe han ninu aworan isalẹ.
# echo "root: test_mail" >> /etc/aliases # newaliases
Gbogbo ẹ niyẹn! O ti fi sori ẹrọ ni ifijišẹ ati tunto olupin meeli kan ni agbegbe rẹ ni ibere fun awọn olumulo agbegbe lati ṣe ibaraẹnisọrọ nipasẹ awọn imeeli. Sibẹsibẹ, iru iṣeto ifiweranṣẹ yii ko ni aabo ni eyikeyi ọna ati pe o ni imọran lati fi ranṣẹ nikan fun awọn ipilẹ kekere ni awọn ọna ṣiṣe ati awọn nẹtiwọọki labẹ iṣakoso kikun rẹ.