Awọn ọna 11 lati Wa Alaye Iroyin Olumulo ati Awọn alaye Wiwọle ni Linux

Nkan yii yoo fihan ọ awọn ọna to wulo mọkanla lati wa alaye nipa awọn olumulo lori eto Linux kan. Nibi a yoo ṣe apejuwe awọn aṣẹ lati gba awọn alaye akọọlẹ olumulo, ṣafihan awọn alaye iwọle bi daradara ohun ti awọn olumulo n ṣe lori eto naa.

Ti o ba fẹ ṣafikun awọn olumulo ni Linux, lo olumulomodmod nipasẹ laini aṣẹ bi a ti ṣalaye ninu awọn itọsọna atẹle:

  1. 15 Awọn Aṣeṣe Wulo Wulo lori ‘useradd’ Ofin
  2. 15 Awọn Aṣeṣe Wulo Wulo lori ‘usermod’ Command

A yoo bẹrẹ nipasẹ wiwo awọn ofin lati wa alaye akọọlẹ olumulo kan, lẹhinna tẹsiwaju lati ṣalaye awọn ofin lati wo awọn alaye iwọle.

1. id Commandfin

id jẹ iwulo laini aṣẹ aṣẹ ti o rọrun fun iṣafihan olumulo gidi ati doko ati awọn ID ID ẹgbẹ bi atẹle.

$ id tecmint 

uid=1000(tecmint) gid=1000(tecmint) groups=1000(tecmint),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin),130(sambashare)

2. awọn ẹgbẹ Commandfin

A lo pipaṣẹ awọn ẹgbẹ lati fihan gbogbo awọn ẹgbẹ olumulo kan jẹ ti iru eyi.

$ groups tecmint

tecmint : tecmint adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

3. ika Commandfin

A lo ika ika lati wa alaye nipa olumulo kan lori Linux. Ko wa fun fifi sori ẹrọ lori ọpọlọpọ awọn eto Linux.

Lati fi sii lori ẹrọ rẹ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ yii lori ebute naa.

$ sudo apt install finger	#Debian/Ubuntu 
$ sudo yum install finger	#RHEL/CentOS
$ sudo dnf install finger	#Fedora 22+

O fihan orukọ gidi ti olumulo kan; itọsọna ile; ikarahun; buwolu wọle: orukọ, akoko; ati pupọ diẹ sii bi isalẹ.

$ finger tecmint

Login: tecmint        			Name: TecMint
Directory: /home/tecmint            	Shell: /bin/bash
On since Fri Sep 22 10:39 (IST) on tty8 from :0
   2 hours 1 minute idle
No mail.
No Plan.

4. getent .fin

getent jẹ iwulo laini aṣẹ fun gbigba awọn titẹ sii lati awọn ile-ikawe Iṣẹ Iyipada (NSS) lati ibi ipamọ data eto kan pato.

Lati gba awọn alaye akọọlẹ olumulo kan, lo ibi ipamọ data passwd ati orukọ olumulo bi atẹle.

$ getent passwd tecmint

tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

5. grep .fin

aṣẹ grep jẹ ohun elo wiwa apẹẹrẹ ti o ni agbara ti o wa lori pupọ ti kii ba ṣe gbogbo awọn ọna ẹrọ Linus. O le lo lati wa alaye nipa olumulo kan pato lati faili awọn iroyin eto:/ati be be lo/passwd bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.

$ grep -i tecmint /etc/passwd

tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash

6. lslogins Commandfin

aṣẹ lslogins fihan alaye nipa awọn olumulo ti a mọ ninu eto naa, Flag -u nikan ṣe afihan awọn iroyin olumulo.

$ lslogins -u

UID USER       PROC PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS
   0 root        144                              root
1000 tecmint      70                     10:39:07 TecMint,,,
1001 aaronkilik    0                              
1002 john          0                              John Doo

7. awọn olumulo Commandfin

aṣẹ awọn olumulo fihan awọn orukọ olumulo ti gbogbo awọn olumulo ti o wọle lọwọlọwọ lori eto bii bẹẹ.

$ users

tecmint
aaron

8. eniti O Pase

tani o lo aṣẹ lati ṣafihan awọn olumulo ti o wọle lori eto, pẹlu awọn ebute ti wọn n sopọ lati.

$ who -u

tecmint  tty8         2017-09-22 10:39 02:09        2067 (:0)

9. w Commandfin

w aṣẹ fihan gbogbo awọn olumulo ti o wọle lori eto ati ohun ti wọn nṣe.

$ w

12:46:54 up  2:10,  1 user,  load average: 0.34, 0.44, 0.57
USER     TTY      FROM             [email    IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
tecmint  tty8     :0               10:39    2:10m  4:43   0.46s cinnamon-sessio

10. kẹhin tabi lastb ase

awọn ofin kẹhin/lastb ṣe afihan atokọ ti ibuwolu wọle kẹhin ninu awọn olumulo lori eto naa.

$ last 
OR
$ last -a   #show hostname on the last column

tecmint  tty8         Fri Sep 22 10:39    gone - no logout  :0
reboot   system boot  Fri Sep 22 10:36   still running      4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  tty8         Thu Sep 21 10:44 - down   (06:56)     :0
reboot   system boot  Thu Sep 21 10:42 - 17:40  (06:58)     4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  tty8         Wed Sep 20 10:19 - down   (06:50)     :0
reboot   system boot  Wed Sep 20 10:17 - 17:10  (06:52)     4.4.0-21-generic
tecmint  pts/14       Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16  (00:00)     tmux(14160).%146
tecmint  pts/13       Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16  (00:00)     tmux(14160).%145
...

Lati fihan gbogbo awọn olumulo ti o wa ni akoko pàtó kan, lo aṣayan -p bi atẹle.

$ last -ap now

tecmint  tty8         Fri Sep 22 10:39    gone - no logout  :0
reboot   system boot  Fri Sep 22 10:36   still running      4.4.0-21-generic

wtmp begins Fri Sep  1 16:23:02 2017

11. lastlog Commandfin

A lo lastlog pipaṣẹ lati wa awọn alaye ti iwọle ti aipẹ ti gbogbo awọn olumulo tabi ti olumulo ti a fun ni atẹle.

$ lastlog  
OR
$ lastlog -u tecmint 	#show lastlog records for specific user tecmint

Username         Port     From             Latest
root                                       **Never logged in**
kernoops                                   **Never logged in**
pulse                                      **Never logged in**
rtkit                                      **Never logged in**
saned                                      **Never logged in**
usbmux                                     **Never logged in**
mdm                                        **Never logged in**
tecmint          pts/1    127.0.0.1        Fri Jan  6 16:50:22 +0530 2017
..

O n niyen! Ti o ba mọ ẹtan ila-aṣẹ miiran tabi aṣẹ lati wo awọn alaye akọọlẹ olumulo ṣe alabapin pẹlu wa.

Iwọ yoo wa nkan ti o ni ibatan wọnyi wulo pupọ:

    Bii a ṣe le Ṣakoso Awọn olumulo ati Awọn ẹgbẹ ni Linux
  1. Bii o ṣe le Pa Awọn iroyin Olumulo pẹlu Itọsọna Ile ni Linux
  2. Awọn ọna 3 lati Yi Ikarahun Olumulo Aiyipada pada ni Linux
  3. Bii a ṣe le Dina tabi Muu Awọn iwọle Olumulo ni Linux

Ninu nkan yii, a ti ṣalaye ọpọlọpọ awọn ọna lati wa alaye nipa awọn olumulo ati awọn alaye iwọle lori eto Linux kan. O le beere eyikeyi ibeere tabi pin awọn ero rẹ nipasẹ fọọmu esi ni isalẹ.