Awọn irinṣẹ 9 lati ṣe atẹle Awọn ipin Disiki Linux ati Lilo ni Lainos
Ninu nkan yii, a yoo ṣe atunyẹwo nọmba kan ti awọn iṣẹ laini aṣẹ laini Linux ti o le lo lati ṣayẹwo awọn ipin disk ni Linux.
Abojuto ẹrọ (s) aaye ibi-itọju jẹ ọkan ninu awọn iṣẹ pataki julọ ti SysAdmin, eyi ṣe iranlọwọ lati rii daju pe aaye ọfẹ to pe yoo wa lori awọn ẹrọ ipamọ fun ṣiṣe ṣiṣe ti eto Linux rẹ daradara.
Awọn ohun elo Laini pipaṣẹ Lati Tẹjade Tabili Ipinpin Disk Linux
Atẹle yii ni atokọ ti awọn ohun elo laini aṣẹ fun titẹ tabili tabili ipin ẹrọ ibi ipamọ ati lilo aaye.
fdisk jẹ alagbara ati olokiki laini aṣẹ aṣẹ ti a lo fun ṣiṣẹda ati ifọwọyi awọn tabili ipin disk.
O ṣe atilẹyin awọn tabili ipin GPT, MBR, Oorun, SGI ati BSD. O le ṣiṣe awọn aṣẹ fdisk nipasẹ ore-olumulo rẹ, orisun ọrọ ati wiwo atokọ akojọ lati ṣe afihan, ṣẹda, tun iwọn, paarẹ, yipada, daakọ ati gbe awọn ipin lori awọn disiki ipamọ.
Aṣẹ fdisk ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo tẹ tabili ipin ti gbogbo awọn ẹrọ bulọọki ti a gbe sori:
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environment /dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System /dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition /dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environment /dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot /dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Fun ilo diẹ sii ati awọn apẹẹrẹ nipa aṣẹ fdisk ka Awọn apẹẹrẹ 10fin 10 'fdisk' lati Ṣakoso Awọn ipin
sfdisk ṣiṣẹ diẹ sii bi fdisk, o tẹjade tabi ṣe ifọwọyi tabili tabili ipin disk kan. Sibẹsibẹ, sfdisk nfun awọn ẹya afikun ti ko si ni fdisk. O le lo gẹgẹ bi fdisk, o tun ṣe atilẹyin GPT, MBR, Sun ati awọn tabili ipin SGI.
Iyatọ kan laarin awọn meji ni pe sfdisk ko ṣẹda awọn ipin eto boṣewa fun awọn aami SGI ati awọn aami disiki SUN bi fdisk ṣe.
$ sudo sfdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environment /dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System /dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition /dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environment /dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot /dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Fun lilo diẹ sii, lọ nipasẹ awọn oju-iwe eniyan sfdisk.
cfdisk jẹ eto ti o rọrun ti a lo fun titẹ ati ṣiṣakoso awọn ipin disk. O nfunni iṣẹ ṣiṣe ipin ipilẹ pẹlu wiwo ore-olumulo. O ṣiṣẹ iru si awọn aṣẹ ti o ni agbara diẹ sii: fdisk ati sfdisk gbigba awọn olumulo laaye lati wo, ṣafikun, paarẹ, ati yipada awọn ipin disiki lile.
Lo awọn bọtini itọka ọtun ati apa osi lati gbe itusita lori awọn taabu akojọ aṣayan.
$ sudo cfdisk
Disk: /dev/sda
Size: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Label: gpt, identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
>> Free space 2048 2048 0 0B
/dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environm
/dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System
/dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition
/dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environm
/dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap
/dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Filesystem: ntfs │
│Filesystem label: WINRE_DRV │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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yapa jẹ ọpa laini aṣẹ ti o mọ daradara fun iṣafihan ati ifọwọyi awọn ipin disk. O loye awọn ọna kika tabili ipin pupọ, pẹlu MBR ati GPT.
Ti pin le ṣee lo fun ṣiṣẹda aaye fun awọn ipin tuntun, atunto lilo disk, ati didakọ data si awọn disiki lile tuntun ati ju bẹẹ lọ.
$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1050MB 1049MB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag 2 1050MB 1322MB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, hidden, esp 3 1322MB 2371MB 1049MB fat32 Basic data partition hidden 4 2371MB 2505MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 5 2505MB 601GB 598GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata 8 601GB 601GB 1049kB bios_grub 9 601GB 605GB 4000MB linux-swap(v1) 10 605GB 958GB 353GB ext4 6 958GB 984GB 26.8GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata 7 984GB 1000GB 15.7GB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag
Fun lilo diẹ sii ka 8 Linux ‘ti pin’ Aṣẹ lati Ṣakoso awọn ipin Disk Linux
lsblk tẹjade alaye pẹlu orukọ, iru, Mountpoint nipa gbogbo ohun ti o wa tabi pato ohun elo idena ti a gbe kalẹ laisi awọn disiki Ramu.
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 3.7G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda10 8:10 0 328.7G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
blkid ohun elo kan ti o wa tabi ṣafihan awọn abuda ohun amorindun ẹrọ (NAME = iye iye) bii ẹrọ tabi orukọ ipin, aami, iru faili eto rẹ laarin awọn miiran.
$ blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="WINRE_DRV" UUID="D4A45AAAA45A8EBC" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="dcc4de2d-8fc4-490f-85e0-50c2e18cc33d" /dev/sda2: LABEL="SYSTEM_DRV" UUID="185C-DA5B" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI system partition" PARTUUID="b13c479a-d63b-4fec-9aee-f926fe7b0b16" /dev/sda3: LABEL="LRS_ESP" UUID="0E60-2E0E" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="d464feab-0791-4866-a36b-90dbe6d6a437" /dev/sda5: LABEL="Windows8_OS" UUID="18D0632AD0630CF6" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="8a66bd5b-8624-4fdb-9ad8-18d8cd356160" /dev/sda6: LABEL="LENOVO" UUID="9286FFD986FFBC33" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="92fbbea9-6bcd-4ae5-a322-c96a07a81013" /dev/sda7: LABEL="PBR_DRV" UUID="ECD06683D066543C" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="0e2878a2-377c-4b35-9454-f1f2c6398405" /dev/sda9: UUID="e040de62-c837-453e-88ee-bd9000387083" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="f5eef371-a152-4208-a62f-0fb287f9acdd" /dev/sda10: UUID="bb29dda3-bdaa-4b39-86cf-4a6dc9634a1b" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="26b60905-1c39-4fd4-bdce-95c517c781fa"
hwinfo gbogbo atẹjade alaye alaye nipa ẹrọ eto. Ṣugbọn o le ṣiṣe aṣẹ hwinfo ni isalẹ, nibi ti o ti lo aṣayan - lati ṣe atokọ gbogbo awọn ohun elo hardware ti irufẹ pàtó kan (ninu ọran yii awọn ẹrọ idiwọ gẹgẹbi awọn disiki ati awọn ipin wọn).
Lati ni ihamọ alaye naa si akopọ kan, lo aṣayan -kukuru bi ninu aṣẹ ni isalẹ:
$ hwinfo --short --block
disk: /dev/sda ST1000LM024 HN-M /dev/ram0 Disk /dev/ram1 Disk /dev/ram2 Disk /dev/ram3 Disk /dev/ram4 Disk /dev/ram5 Disk /dev/ram6 Disk /dev/ram7 Disk /dev/ram8 Disk /dev/ram9 Disk /dev/ram10 Disk /dev/ram11 Disk /dev/ram12 Disk /dev/ram13 Disk /dev/ram14 Disk /dev/ram15 Disk partition: /dev/sda1 Partition /dev/sda2 Partition /dev/sda3 Partition /dev/sda4 Partition /dev/sda5 Partition /dev/sda6 Partition /dev/sda7 Partition /dev/sda8 Partition /dev/sda9 Partition /dev/sda10 Partition cdrom: /dev/sr0 PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH
Rii daju pe a fi ohun elo hwinfo sori ẹrọ rẹ lati gba awọn abajade ti o wa loke ..
Awọn ohun elo Laini pipaṣẹ Lati Ṣe abojuto Lilo Aye Disiki ni Lainos
Atẹle yii ni atokọ ti awọn ohun elo laini aṣẹ fun ibojuwo lilo aaye disiki disk Linux.
df tẹjade akopọ ti lilo faili aaye disk aaye lori ebute naa. Ninu aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ, -hT yipada n jẹ ki ijabọ iroyin ti iwọn disk, aaye ti a lo, aaye to wa ati awọn ipin ọgọrun aaye ti a lo ni ọna kika eniyan.
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run /dev/sda10 ext4 324G 132G 176G 43% / tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 86M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup cgmfs tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs tmpfs 788M 32K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
pydf jẹ iwulo laini aṣẹ Python aṣẹ ti o yatọ ati rirọpo nla ti df ni Lainos. O nlo awọn awọ ọtọtọ lati ṣe afihan awọn ipin disk pẹlu awọn abuda kan pato.
$ pydf
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda10 323G 132G 175G 40.7 [######################................................] /
Rii daju pe a fi ohun elo pydf sori ẹrọ, ti ko ba fi sii nipa lilo Ọpa Pydf Fi sii lati ṣetọju Lilo Lilo Disk Linux.
Lọgan ti o ba mọ pe eyikeyi disk (s) ipamọ rẹ ko ni aye tabi o kun, o yẹ:
- Ni akọkọ, ṣe afẹyinti gbogbo awọn faili pataki rẹ lori ẹrọ nipa lilo eyikeyi awọn irinṣẹ afẹyinti eto Linux.
- Itele, ṣayẹwo iru awọn faili tabi awọn ilana itọsọna ti o gba iye ti aaye ti o tobi julọ lori disiki (s) ni lilo pipaṣẹ du.
- Lẹhinna paarẹ lati awọn disiki ipamọ, awọn faili eyikeyi ti ko ṣe pataki mọ tabi ti iwọ kii yoo lo ni ọjọ iwaju pẹlu iranlọwọ ti pipaṣẹ
rmtabi o le fslint ọpa lati wa ati paarẹ awọn faili ti aifẹ ni Lainos. - Ti ipin gbongbo rẹ ba ti kun, o le ṣe iwọn ipin root ni lilo LVM, o yẹ ki o wa ni titan dara julọ.
Akiyesi: Ni ọran ti o pa faili pataki eyikeyi, o le gba faili ti o paarẹ pada ni Lainos.
Ninu àpilẹkọ yii, a ti sọrọ nipa ọpọlọpọ awọn iwulo awọn iwulo laini aṣẹ fun iṣafihan tabili ipin disk disk ati lilo aaye aaye.
Ti eyikeyi iwulo laini aṣẹ aṣẹ pataki fun idi kanna, ti a ti fi silẹ? Jẹ ki a mọ nipasẹ apakan asọye ni isalẹ. O le ṣee beere ibeere kan tabi pese esi wa bi daradara.