Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Awọn modulu Apache wo ni Igbaṣiṣẹ/Ti kojọpọ ni Linux
Ninu itọsọna yii, a yoo sọrọ ni ṣoki nipa iwaju-opin olupin ayelujara Apache ati bii a ṣe le ṣe atokọ tabi ṣayẹwo iru awọn modulu Apache ti ṣiṣẹ lori olupin rẹ.
A kọ Apache, da lori ilana ti modularity, ni ọna yii, o jẹ ki awọn alakoso olupin wẹẹbu lati ṣafikun awọn modulu oriṣiriṣi lati faagun awọn iṣẹ akọkọ rẹ ati mu iṣẹ apache pọ si daradara.
Diẹ ninu awọn modulu Apache ti o wọpọ pẹlu:
- mod_ssl - eyiti o nfun HTTPS fun Afun.
- mod_rewrite - eyiti ngbanilaaye fun awọn ilana url ti o baamu pẹlu awọn ọrọ deede, ki o ṣe itọsọna ṣiṣii ni lilo awọn ẹtan .htaccess, tabi lo idahun koodu ipo HTTP kan.
- mod_security - eyiti o fun ọ lati daabobo Apache lodi si Brute Force tabi awọn ikọlu DDoS.
- mod_status - ti o fun ọ laaye lati ṣe atẹle fifuye olupin ayelujara Apache ati awọn iṣiro oju-iwe.
Ni Lainos, apachectl tabi apache2ctl aṣẹ ni a lo lati ṣakoso wiwo olupin Apache HTTP, o jẹ opin-iwaju si Apache.
O le ṣafihan alaye lilo fun apache2ctl bi isalẹ:
$ apache2ctl help OR $ apachectl help
Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
[-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
[-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
[-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
Options:
-D name : define a name for use in directives
-d directory : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
-f file : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
-C "directive" : process directive before reading config files
-c "directive" : process directive after reading config files
-e level : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
-E file : log startup errors to file
-v : show version number
-V : show compile settings
-h : list available command line options (this page)
-l : list compiled in modules
-L : list available configuration directives
-t -D DUMP_VHOSTS : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
-S : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
-t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules
-M : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
-t : run syntax check for config files
apache2ctl le ṣiṣẹ ni awọn ipo meji ti o ṣeeṣe, ipo initi Sys V ati ipo-kọja. Ni ipo init SysV, apache2ctl gba irọrun, awọn aṣẹ ọrọ kan ni fọọmu ni isalẹ:
$ apachectl command OR $ apache2ctl command
Fun apeere, lati bẹrẹ Apache ati ṣayẹwo ipo rẹ, ṣiṣe awọn ofin meji wọnyi pẹlu awọn anfani olumulo gbongbo nipa lilo pipaṣẹ sudo, bi o ba jẹ pe o jẹ olumulo deede:
$ sudo apache2ctl start $ sudo apache2ctl status
[email ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message httpd (pid 1456) already running [email ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1) Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu) Server MPM: prefork Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST Parent Server Config. Generation: 2 Parent Server MPM Generation: 1 Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77 Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0 .000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request 1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers __W__........................................................... ................................................................ ...................... Scoreboard Key: "_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request, "W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup, "C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing, "I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process
Ati pe nigbati o ba n ṣiṣẹ ni ipo kọja-nipasẹ, apache2ctl le mu gbogbo awọn ariyanjiyan Apache ni sintasi atẹle:
$ apachectl [apache-argument] $ apache2ctl [apache-argument]
Gbogbo awọn ariyanjiyan Apache le ṣe atokọ bi atẹle:
$ apache2 help [On Debian based systems] $ httpd help [On RHEL based systems]
Nitorinaa, lati ṣayẹwo iru awọn modulu ti o ṣiṣẹ lori olupin ayelujara Apache rẹ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ to wulo ni isalẹ fun pinpin rẹ, nibiti -t -D DUMP_MODULES jẹ Apache-ariyanjiyan lati fihan gbogbo awọn modulu ti o ṣiṣẹ/ti kojọpọ :
--------------- On Debian based systems --------------- $ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES OR $ apache2ctl -M
--------------- On RHEL based systems --------------- $ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES OR $ httpd -M $ apache2ctl -M
apachectl -M Loaded Modules: core_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) auth_basic_module (shared) auth_digest_module (shared) authn_file_module (shared) authn_alias_module (shared) authn_anon_module (shared) authn_dbm_module (shared) authn_default_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_owner_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_dbm_module (shared) authz_default_module (shared) ldap_module (shared) authnz_ldap_module (shared) include_module (shared) ....
Gbogbo ẹ niyẹn! Ninu ẹkọ ẹkọ ti o rọrun yii, a ṣalaye bi a ṣe le lo awọn irinṣẹ iwaju-Apache si atokọ ti o ṣiṣẹ/awọn modulu afun ti kojọpọ. Ranti pe o le ni ifọwọkan nipa lilo fọọmu esi ni isalẹ lati firanṣẹ awọn ibeere rẹ tabi awọn asọye nipa itọsọna yii.