Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Awọn akopọ MD5 ti Awọn idii ti a Fi sori ẹrọ ni Debian/Ubuntu Linux
Njẹ o ti ṣe iyalẹnu ri idi ti alakomeji ti a fifun tabi package ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ rẹ ko ṣiṣẹ ni ibamu si awọn ireti rẹ, itumo pe ko ṣiṣẹ ni deede bi o ti yẹ ki o ṣe, boya ko le bẹrẹ iṣẹlẹ rara.
Lakoko ti o ngba awọn idii, o le dojuko awọn italaya ti awọn isopọ nẹtiwọọki ti ko ni imurasilẹ tabi didaku agbara airotẹlẹ, eyi le ja si fifi sori ẹrọ ti package ti ko bajẹ.
Ṣiyesi eyi bi ifosiwewe pataki ni mimu awọn idii ti ko ni idiwọ lori eto rẹ, nitorinaa o jẹ igbesẹ pataki lati ṣayẹwo awọn faili lori eto faili lodi si alaye ti o fipamọ sinu apo naa nipa lilo nkan atẹle.
Bii a ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Awọn idii Debian ti a Fi sori Lodi si Checksums MD5
Lori awọn eto Debian/Ubuntu, o le lo irinṣẹ debsums lati ṣayẹwo awọn akopọ MD5 ti awọn idii ti a fi sii. Ti o ba fẹ mọ alaye nipa package debsums ṣaaju fifi sii, o le lo APT-CACHE bii bẹ:
$ apt-cache search debsums
Nigbamii, fi sii nipa lilo pipaṣẹ aṣẹ bi atẹle:
$ sudo apt install debsums
Bayi akoko rẹ lati kọ bi a ṣe le lo irinṣẹ debsums lati jẹrisi MD5sum ti awọn idii ti a fi sii.
Akiyesi: Mo ti lo sudo pẹlu gbogbo awọn ofin ni isalẹ nitori awọn faili kan le ma ti ka awọn igbanilaaye fun awọn olumulo deede.
Ni afikun, iṣelọpọ lati aṣẹ debsums fihan ọ ipo faili ni apa osi ati awọn abajade ayẹwo ni apa ọtun. Awọn abajade ṣee ṣe mẹta wa ti o le gba, wọn pẹlu:
- O DARA - tọka pe apapọ MD5 ti faili kan dara.
- kuna - fihan pe apapọ MD5 faili ko baamu.
- RỌRỌ - tumọ si pe faili ti rọpo nipasẹ faili kan lati package miiran.
Nigbati o ba ṣiṣẹ laisi awọn aṣayan eyikeyi, debsums ṣayẹwo gbogbo faili lori ẹrọ rẹ lodi si awọn faili md5sum iṣura.
$ sudo debsums
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK /lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service OK /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.Accounts.service OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/README OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/TODO OK ....
Lati mu ṣayẹwo gbogbo faili ati awọn faili iṣeto fun package kọọkan fun awọn ayipada eyikeyi, pẹlu aṣayan -a
tabi --all
aṣayan:
$ sudo debsums --all
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK ...
O ṣee ṣe daradara lati ṣayẹwo nikan faili iṣeto naa laisi gbogbo awọn faili package miiran nipa lilo aṣayan -e
tabi --config
aṣayan:
$ sudo debsums --config
/etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/accounts.google.com.conf OK /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Accounts.conf OK /etc/acpi/asus-keyboard-backlight.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-down OK /etc/acpi/ibm-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/tosh-wireless OK /etc/acpi/asus-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/lenovo-undock OK /etc/default/acpi-support OK /etc/acpi/events/ibm-wireless OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-on OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-off OK /etc/acpi/tosh-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-up OK /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad-cmos OK /etc/acpi/undock.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn OK /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh OK /etc/init.d/acpid OK /etc/init/acpid.conf OK /etc/default/acpid OK ...
Itele, lati ṣe afihan awọn faili ti a yipada nikan ni iṣelọpọ ti awọn debsums, lo aṣayan -c
tabi -changed
aṣayan. Emi ko ri awọn faili ti o yipada ninu eto mi.
$ sudo debsums --changed
Atẹle ti n tẹ awọn faili jade ti ko ni alaye md5sum, nibi a lo aṣayan -l
ati -list-missing
aṣayan. Lori eto mi, aṣẹ ko fihan faili eyikeyi.
$ sudo debsums --list-missing
Bayi o to akoko lati ṣayẹwo iye md5 ti package kan nipa sisọ orukọ rẹ:
$ sudo debsums apache2
/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf OK /usr/sbin/a2enmod OK /usr/sbin/a2query OK /usr/sbin/apache2ctl OK /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper OK /usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase OK /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/a2enmod OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/PACKAGING.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/apache2.monit OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance OK /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 OK /usr/share/man/man1/a2query.1.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enconf.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enmod.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2ensite.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/apache2ctl.8.gz OK
A ro pe o n ṣiṣẹ debsums bi olumulo deede laisi sudo, o le tọju awọn aṣiṣe igbanilaaye bi awọn ikilọ nipa lilo aṣayan - awọn igbanilaaye-igbanilori
:
$ debsums --ignore-permissions
Bii O ṣe le Ṣe ipilẹṣẹ Awọn akopọ MD5 lati Awọn faili .Deb
Aṣayan -g
sọ fun awọn debsums lati ṣe ina awọn owo MD5 lati awọn akoonu isanwo, nibiti:
- sonu - kọ awọn debsums lati ṣe awọn owo MD5 lati isan-owo fun awọn idii ti ko pese ọkan.
- gbogbo - ṣe itọsọna awọn debsums lati foju awọn owo disiki ki o lo eyi ti o wa ninu faili isanwo, tabi ti ipilẹṣẹ lati inu rẹ ti ko ba si. ”
- tọju - sọ fun awọn debsums lati kọ awọn owo ti a fa jade/ti ipilẹṣẹ si /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.md5sums file.
- nocheck - tumọ si awọn akopọ ti a fa jade/ti ipilẹṣẹ ko ni ṣayẹwo si package ti a fi sii.
Nigbati o ba wo awọn akoonu ti itọsọna /var/lib/dpkg/info/
, iwọ yoo wo md5sums fun awọn faili oriṣiriṣi ti awọn idii bi ninu aworan ni isalẹ:
$ cd /var/lib/dpkg/info $ ls *.md5sums
a11y-profile-manager-indicator.md5sums account-plugin-facebook.md5sums account-plugin-flickr.md5sums account-plugin-google.md5sums accountsservice.md5sums acl.md5sums acpid.md5sums acpi-support.md5sums activity-log-manager.md5sums adduser.md5sums adium-theme-ubuntu.md5sums adwaita-icon-theme.md5sums aisleriot.md5sums alsa-base.md5sums alsa-utils.md5sums anacron.md5sums apache2-bin.md5sums apache2-data.md5sums apache2.md5sums apache2-utils.md5sums apg.md5sums apparmor.md5sums app-install-data.md5sums app-install-data-partner.md5sums ...
Ranti pe lilo -g
aṣayan jẹ bakanna bi --generate = sonu
, o le gbiyanju lati ṣafikun owo md5 kan fun apo apache2 nipa ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ atẹle.
$ sudo debsums --generate=missing apache2
Niwọn igba ti apo apache2 lori eto mi tẹlẹ ni awọn akopọ md5, yoo fihan iṣijade ni isalẹ, eyiti o jẹ kanna bi ṣiṣe:
$ sudo debsums apache2
Fun awọn aṣayan ti o nifẹ si diẹ sii ati alaye ilo, wo nipasẹ oju-iwe eniyan debsums.
$ man debsums
Ninu nkan yii, a pin bi a ṣe le rii daju awọn idii Debian/Ubuntu ti a fi sori ẹrọ si awọn ayẹwo MD5, eyi le wulo lati yago fun fifi sori ati ṣiṣe awọn binaries ibajẹ tabi awọn faili package lori ẹrọ rẹ nipa ṣayẹwo awọn faili lori eto faili lodi si alaye ti o fipamọ sinu package.
Fun eyikeyi ibeere tabi esi, lo anfani ti fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ. Ni ero inu, o tun le funni ni awọn aba ọkan tabi meji lati ṣe ifiweranṣẹ yii dara julọ.