Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Awọn akopọ MD5 ti Awọn idii ti a Fi sori ẹrọ ni Debian/Ubuntu Linux


Njẹ o ti ṣe iyalẹnu ri idi ti alakomeji ti a fifun tabi package ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ rẹ ko ṣiṣẹ ni ibamu si awọn ireti rẹ, itumo pe ko ṣiṣẹ ni deede bi o ti yẹ ki o ṣe, boya ko le bẹrẹ iṣẹlẹ rara.

Lakoko ti o ngba awọn idii, o le dojuko awọn italaya ti awọn isopọ nẹtiwọọki ti ko ni imurasilẹ tabi didaku agbara airotẹlẹ, eyi le ja si fifi sori ẹrọ ti package ti ko bajẹ.

Ṣiyesi eyi bi ifosiwewe pataki ni mimu awọn idii ti ko ni idiwọ lori eto rẹ, nitorinaa o jẹ igbesẹ pataki lati ṣayẹwo awọn faili lori eto faili lodi si alaye ti o fipamọ sinu apo naa nipa lilo nkan atẹle.

Bii a ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Awọn idii Debian ti a Fi sori Lodi si Checksums MD5

Lori awọn eto Debian/Ubuntu, o le lo irinṣẹ debsums lati ṣayẹwo awọn akopọ MD5 ti awọn idii ti a fi sii. Ti o ba fẹ mọ alaye nipa package debsums ṣaaju fifi sii, o le lo APT-CACHE bii bẹ:

$ apt-cache search debsums

Nigbamii, fi sii nipa lilo pipaṣẹ aṣẹ bi atẹle:

$ sudo apt install debsums

Bayi akoko rẹ lati kọ bi a ṣe le lo irinṣẹ debsums lati jẹrisi MD5sum ti awọn idii ti a fi sii.

Akiyesi: Mo ti lo sudo pẹlu gbogbo awọn ofin ni isalẹ nitori awọn faili kan le ma ti ka awọn igbanilaaye fun awọn olumulo deede.

Ni afikun, iṣelọpọ lati aṣẹ debsums fihan ọ ipo faili ni apa osi ati awọn abajade ayẹwo ni apa ọtun. Awọn abajade ṣee ṣe mẹta wa ti o le gba, wọn pẹlu:

  1. O DARA - tọka pe apapọ MD5 ti faili kan dara.
  2. kuna - fihan pe apapọ MD5 faili ko baamu.
  3. RỌRỌ - tumọ si pe faili ti rọpo nipasẹ faili kan lati package miiran.

Nigbati o ba ṣiṣẹ laisi awọn aṣayan eyikeyi, debsums ṣayẹwo gbogbo faili lori ẹrọ rẹ lodi si awọn faili md5sum iṣura.

$ sudo debsums
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator                                       OK
/usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright                       OK
/usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz                       OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml                             OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service                       OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service                         OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright                              OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider                                 OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service                         OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service                           OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright                                OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider                                 OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service                             OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service                                OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service                                   OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright                                OK
/lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service                                   OK
/usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon                                      OK
/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.xml                OK
/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.xml                     OK
/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.Accounts.service            OK
/usr/share/doc/accountsservice/README                                         OK
/usr/share/doc/accountsservice/TODO                                           OK
....

Lati mu ṣayẹwo gbogbo faili ati awọn faili iṣeto fun package kọọkan fun awọn ayipada eyikeyi, pẹlu aṣayan -a tabi --all aṣayan:

$ sudo debsums --all
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator                                       OK
/usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright                       OK
/usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz                       OK
/etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop           OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml                             OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service                       OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service                         OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright                              OK
/etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf                         OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider                                 OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service                         OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service                           OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright                                OK
/etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf                          OK
/usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider                                 OK
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml                               OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service                             OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service                                OK
/usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service                                   OK
/usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright                                OK
...

O ṣee ṣe daradara lati ṣayẹwo nikan faili iṣeto naa laisi gbogbo awọn faili package miiran nipa lilo aṣayan -e tabi --config aṣayan:

$ sudo debsums --config
/etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop           OK
/etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf                         OK
/etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf                          OK
/etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/accounts.google.com.conf                      OK
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Accounts.conf                            OK
/etc/acpi/asus-keyboard-backlight.sh                                          OK
/etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-down                                 OK
/etc/acpi/ibm-wireless.sh                                                     OK
/etc/acpi/events/tosh-wireless                                                OK
/etc/acpi/asus-wireless.sh                                                    OK
/etc/acpi/events/lenovo-undock                                                OK
/etc/default/acpi-support                                                     OK
/etc/acpi/events/ibm-wireless                                                 OK
/etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-on                                             OK
/etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-off                                            OK
/etc/acpi/tosh-wireless.sh                                                    OK
/etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-up                                   OK
/etc/acpi/events/thinkpad-cmos                                                OK
/etc/acpi/undock.sh                                                           OK
/etc/acpi/events/powerbtn                                                     OK
/etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh                                                         OK
/etc/init.d/acpid                                                             OK
/etc/init/acpid.conf                                                          OK
/etc/default/acpid                                                            OK
...

Itele, lati ṣe afihan awọn faili ti a yipada nikan ni iṣelọpọ ti awọn debsums, lo aṣayan -c tabi -changed aṣayan. Emi ko ri awọn faili ti o yipada ninu eto mi.

$ sudo debsums --changed

Atẹle ti n tẹ awọn faili jade ti ko ni alaye md5sum, nibi a lo aṣayan -l ati -list-missing aṣayan. Lori eto mi, aṣẹ ko fihan faili eyikeyi.

$ sudo debsums --list-missing

Bayi o to akoko lati ṣayẹwo iye md5 ti package kan nipa sisọ orukọ rẹ:

$ sudo debsums apache2 
/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf                    OK
/usr/sbin/a2enmod                                                             OK
/usr/sbin/a2query                                                             OK
/usr/sbin/apache2ctl                                                          OK
/usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper                                 OK
/usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase                                         OK
/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/a2enmod                                OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz                                         OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/PACKAGING.gz                                           OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz                                       OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace                                       OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances                              OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright                                              OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/apache2.monit                                 OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script                         OK
/usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance                                OK
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2                                          OK
/usr/share/man/man1/a2query.1.gz                                              OK
/usr/share/man/man8/a2enconf.8.gz                                             OK
/usr/share/man/man8/a2enmod.8.gz                                              OK
/usr/share/man/man8/a2ensite.8.gz                                             OK
/usr/share/man/man8/apache2ctl.8.gz                                           OK

A ro pe o n ṣiṣẹ debsums bi olumulo deede laisi sudo, o le tọju awọn aṣiṣe igbanilaaye bi awọn ikilọ nipa lilo aṣayan - awọn igbanilaaye-igbanilori :

$ debsums --ignore-permissions 

Bii O ṣe le Ṣe ipilẹṣẹ Awọn akopọ MD5 lati Awọn faili .Deb

Aṣayan -g sọ fun awọn debsums lati ṣe ina awọn owo MD5 lati awọn akoonu isanwo, nibiti:

  1. sonu - kọ awọn debsums lati ṣe awọn owo MD5 lati isan-owo fun awọn idii ti ko pese ọkan.
  2. gbogbo - ṣe itọsọna awọn debsums lati foju awọn owo disiki ki o lo eyi ti o wa ninu faili isanwo, tabi ti ipilẹṣẹ lati inu rẹ ti ko ba si. ”
  3. tọju - sọ fun awọn debsums lati kọ awọn owo ti a fa jade/ti ipilẹṣẹ si /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.md5sums file.
  4. nocheck - tumọ si awọn akopọ ti a fa jade/ti ipilẹṣẹ ko ni ṣayẹwo si package ti a fi sii.

Nigbati o ba wo awọn akoonu ti itọsọna /var/lib/dpkg/info/, iwọ yoo wo md5sums fun awọn faili oriṣiriṣi ti awọn idii bi ninu aworan ni isalẹ:

$ cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
$ ls *.md5sums
a11y-profile-manager-indicator.md5sums
account-plugin-facebook.md5sums
account-plugin-flickr.md5sums
account-plugin-google.md5sums
accountsservice.md5sums
acl.md5sums
acpid.md5sums
acpi-support.md5sums
activity-log-manager.md5sums
adduser.md5sums
adium-theme-ubuntu.md5sums
adwaita-icon-theme.md5sums
aisleriot.md5sums
alsa-base.md5sums
alsa-utils.md5sums
anacron.md5sums
apache2-bin.md5sums
apache2-data.md5sums
apache2.md5sums
apache2-utils.md5sums
apg.md5sums
apparmor.md5sums
app-install-data.md5sums
app-install-data-partner.md5sums
...

Ranti pe lilo -g aṣayan jẹ bakanna bi --generate = sonu , o le gbiyanju lati ṣafikun owo md5 kan fun apo apache2 nipa ṣiṣe pipaṣẹ atẹle.

$ sudo debsums --generate=missing apache2 

Niwọn igba ti apo apache2 lori eto mi tẹlẹ ni awọn akopọ md5, yoo fihan iṣijade ni isalẹ, eyiti o jẹ kanna bi ṣiṣe:

$ sudo debsums apache2

Fun awọn aṣayan ti o nifẹ si diẹ sii ati alaye ilo, wo nipasẹ oju-iwe eniyan debsums.

$ man debsums

Ninu nkan yii, a pin bi a ṣe le rii daju awọn idii Debian/Ubuntu ti a fi sori ẹrọ si awọn ayẹwo MD5, eyi le wulo lati yago fun fifi sori ati ṣiṣe awọn binaries ibajẹ tabi awọn faili package lori ẹrọ rẹ nipa ṣayẹwo awọn faili lori eto faili lodi si alaye ti o fipamọ sinu package.

Fun eyikeyi ibeere tabi esi, lo anfani ti fọọmu asọye ni isalẹ. Ni ero inu, o tun le funni ni awọn aba ọkan tabi meji lati ṣe ifiweranṣẹ yii dara julọ.