Smem - Ijabọ Agbara Igbesi-iranti Fun Ilana Kan ati Ipilẹ Olumulo ni Linux


Isakoso iranti ni awọn ofin ti ibojuwo lilo iranti jẹ ohun pataki kan lati ṣe lori eto Linux rẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn irinṣẹ wa fun ibojuwo lilo iranti rẹ ti o le rii lori awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux. Ṣugbọn wọn ṣiṣẹ ni awọn ọna oriṣiriṣi, ninu eyi bawo ni a ṣe le ṣe itọsọna, a yoo wo bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati lilo iru irinṣẹ bẹẹ ti a pe ni smem.

Smem jẹ ọpa ijabọ iroyin laini aṣẹ-aṣẹ ti o fun olumulo ni awọn iroyin oniruuru olumulo lori lilo iranti lori eto Linux kan. Ohunkan alailẹgbẹ kan wa nipa smem, laisi awọn irinṣẹ irin-iṣẹ iranti iranti ibile miiran, o ṣe ijabọ PSS (Iwọn Ṣeto Ti o yẹ), aṣoju ti o ni itumọ diẹ sii ti lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn ohun elo ati awọn ile ikawe ni iṣeto iranti foju kan.

Awọn irinṣẹ ibile ti o wa tẹlẹ fojusi lori kika RSS (Iwọn Ṣeto Olugbe) eyiti o jẹ iwọn boṣewa lati ṣe atẹle lilo iranti ni ero iranti ti ara, ṣugbọn o duro lati gaju lilo iranti julọ nipasẹ awọn ohun elo.

PSS ni apa keji, n fun iwọn ni oye nipa ṣiṣe ipinnu “ipin-ododo” ti iranti ti awọn ohun elo ati awọn ile ikawe lo ninu ero iranti foju kan.

O le ka itọsọna yii (nipa iranti RSS ati PSS) lati ni oye agbara iranti ni eto Lainos kan, ṣugbọn jẹ ki a tẹsiwaju si wiwo diẹ ninu awọn ẹya ti smem.

  1. Atokọ Akopọ eto
  2. Awọn atokọ ati sisẹ nipasẹ ilana, awọn maapu tabi olumulo
  3. Lilo data lati/eto faili faili
  4. Awọn ọwọn atokọ atunto lati awọn orisun data pupọ
  5. Awọn iṣiro iṣẹjade atunto ati awọn ipin ogorun ogorun
  6. Rọrun lati tunto awọn akọle ati awọn akopọ ninu awọn atokọ
  7. Lilo awọn sikirinisoti data lati awọn digi itọsọna tabi fisinuirindigbindigbin awọn faili oda
  8. Itọsọna ẹda apẹrẹ ti a ṣe sinu
  9. Ohun elo imudani fẹẹrẹ ti a lo ninu awọn eto ifibọ

Bii o ṣe le Fi Smem - Irinṣẹ Ijabọ Iranti sinu Linux

Ṣaaju ki o to tẹsiwaju pẹlu fifi sori ẹrọ ti smem, eto rẹ gbọdọ pade awọn ibeere wọnyi:

  1. ekuro igbalode (> 2.6.27 tabi bẹẹ)
  2. ẹya tuntun ti Python (2.4 tabi bẹẹ)
  3. iyan ikawe matplotlib yiyan fun iran awọn shatti

Pupọ ninu awọn pinpin Lainos ti ode oni wa pẹlu ẹya Kernel tuntun pẹlu atilẹyin Python 2 tabi 3, nitorinaa ibeere nikan ni lati fi sori ẹrọ iwe-ikawe matplotlib eyiti o lo lati ṣe awọn shatti ti o wuyi.

Akọkọ mu ibi ipamọ EPEL (Awọn idii Afikun fun Laini Idawọlẹ) ati lẹhinna fi sii bi atẹle:

# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
$ sudo apt-get install smem
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk

Lo ibi ipamọ AUR yii.

Bii O ṣe le Lo Smem - Irinṣẹ Ijabọ Iranti ni Linux

Lati wo ijabọ ti lilo iranti kọja gbogbo eto, nipasẹ gbogbo awọn olumulo eto, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle:

$ sudo smem 
 PID User     Command                         Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
 6367 tecmint  cat                                0      100      145     1784 
 6368 tecmint  cat                                0      100      147     1676 
 2864 tecmint  /usr/bin/ck-launch-session         0      144      165     1780 
 7656 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper                   0      156      178     1832 
 5758 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper                   0      156      179     1916 
 1441 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2          0      152      184     2052 
 1434 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5          0      156      187     2060 
 1444 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3          0      156      187     2060 
 1432 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4          0      156      188     2124 
 1452 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6          0      164      196     2064 
 2619 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1          0      164      196     2136 
 3544 tecmint  sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi        0      212      224     1540 
 1504 root     acpid -c /etc/acpi/events -        0      220      236     1604 
 3311 tecmint  syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R             0      252      292     2556 
 3143 rtkit    /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon        0      300      326     2548 
 1588 root     cron                               0      292      333     2344 
 1589 avahi    avahi-daemon: chroot helpe         0      124      334     1632 
 1523 root     /usr/sbin/irqbalance               0      316      343     2096 
  585 root     upstart-socket-bridge --dae        0      328      351     1820 
 3033 tecmint  /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit        0      328      360     2160 
 1346 root     upstart-file-bridge --daemo        0      348      371     1776 
 2607 root     /usr/bin/xdm                       0      188      378     2368 
 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops               0      352      386     2684 
  344 root     upstart-udev-bridge --daemo        0      400      427     2132 
 2960 tecmint  /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin        0      480      485      992 
 3468 tecmint  /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f        0      344      515     3284 
 1559 avahi    avahi-daemon: running [tecm        0      284      517     3108 
 7289 postfix  pickup -l -t unix -u -c            0      288      534     2808 
 2135 root     /usr/lib/postfix/master            0      352      576     2872 
 2436 postfix  qmgr -l -t unix -u                 0      360      606     2884 
 1521 root     /lib/systemd/systemd-logind        0      600      650     3276 
 2222 nobody   /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso        0      604      669     3288 
....

Nigbati olumulo deede ba gbajumọ, o ṣe afihan lilo iranti nipasẹ ilana ti olumulo ti bẹrẹ, awọn ilana ti ṣeto ni aṣẹ ti jijẹ PSS.

Wo iṣujade ti o wa ni isalẹ lori eto mi fun lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn ilana ti o bẹrẹ nipasẹ olumulo aaronkilik :

$ smem
 PID User     Command                         Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
 6367 tecmint  cat                                0      100      145     1784 
 6368 tecmint  cat                                0      100      147     1676 
 2864 tecmint  /usr/bin/ck-launch-session         0      144      166     1780 
 3544 tecmint  sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi        0      212      224     1540 
 3311 tecmint  syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R             0      252      292     2556 
 3033 tecmint  /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit        0      328      360     2160 
 3468 tecmint  /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f        0      344      515     3284 
 3122 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd                0      656      801     5552 
 3471 tecmint  /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp        0      708      864     5992 
 3396 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu        0      804      914     6204 
 3208 tecmint  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i        0      892     1012     6188 
 3380 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu        0      820     1024     6396 
 3034 tecmint  //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --        0      920     1081     3040 
 3365 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2-        0      972     1099     6052 
 3228 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash -        0      980     1153     6648 
 3107 tecmint  /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic        0     1212     1283     5376 
 6399 tecmint  /opt/google/chrome/chrome -        0      144     1409    10732 
 3478 tecmint  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g        0     1724     1820     6320 
 7365 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http --        0     1352     1884     8704 
 6937 tecmint  /opt/libreoffice5.0/program        0     1140     2328     5040 
 3194 tecmint  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p        0     1956     2405    14228 
 6373 tecmint  /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel        0     2324     2541     8908 
 3313 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2-        0     2460     2754     8736 
 3464 tecmint  /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp        0     2684     2823     7920 
 5771 tecmint  ssh -p 4521 [email         0     2544     2864     6540 
 5759 tecmint  /bin/bash                          0     2416     2923     5640 
 3541 tecmint  /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi        0     2584     3008     7248 
 7657 tecmint  bash                               0     2516     3055     6028 
 3127 tecmint  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r        0     3024     3126     8032 
 3205 tecmint  mate-screensaver                   0     2520     3331    18072 
 3171 tecmint  /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific        0     2860     3495    17140 
 3030 tecmint  x-session-manager                  0     4400     4879    17500 
 3197 tecmint  mate-volume-control-applet         0     3860     5226    23736 
...

Awọn aṣayan pupọ lo wa lati bẹbẹ lakoko lilo smem, fun apẹẹrẹ, lati wo agbara iranti eto jakejado, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle:

$ sudo smem -w
Area                           Used      Cache   Noncache 
firmware/hardware                 0          0          0 
kernel image                      0          0          0 
kernel dynamic memory       1425320    1291412     133908 
userspace memory            2215368     451608    1763760 
free memory                 4424936    4424936          0 

Lati wo lilo iranti lori ipilẹ olumulo kan, ṣiṣe aṣẹ ni isalẹ:

$ sudo smem -u
User     Count     Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
rtkit        1        0      300      326     2548 
kernoops     1        0      352      385     2684 
avahi        2        0      408      851     4740 
postfix      2        0      648     1140     5692 
messagebus     1        0     1012     1173     3320 
syslog       1        0     1396     1419     3232 
www-data     2        0     5100     6572    13580 
mpd          1        0     7416     8302    12896 
nobody       2        0     4024    11305    24728 
root        39        0   323876   353418   496520 
tecmint     64        0  1652888  1815699  2763112 

O tun le ṣe ijabọ lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn maapu bi atẹle:

$ sudo smem -m
Map                                       PIDs   AVGPSS      PSS 
/dev/fb0                                     1        0        0 
/home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f    18        0        0 
/home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1    18        0        0 
/home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac    15        0        0 
/opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p     9        0        0 
/opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p     9        0        0 
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo    41        0        0 
/usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme.    15        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6    20        0        0 
/var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43    20        0        0 
....

Awọn aṣayan tun wa fun sisẹ iṣelọpọ smem ati pe a yoo wo awọn apẹẹrẹ meji nibi.

Lati ṣe àlẹmọ iṣẹjade nipasẹ orukọ olumulo, bẹbẹ aṣayan -u tabi --userfilter =\"regex \" aṣayan bi isalẹ:

$ sudo smem -u
User     Count     Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
rtkit        1        0      300      326     2548 
kernoops     1        0      352      385     2684 
avahi        2        0      408      851     4740 
postfix      2        0      648     1140     5692 
messagebus     1        0     1012     1173     3320 
syslog       1        0     1400     1423     3236 
www-data     2        0     5100     6572    13580 
mpd          1        0     7416     8302    12896 
nobody       2        0     4024    11305    24728 
root        39        0   323804   353374   496552 
tecmint     64        0  1708900  1871766  2819212 

Lati ṣe àlẹmọ iṣẹjade nipasẹ orukọ ilana, pe aṣayan -P tabi --processfilter =\"regex \" aṣayan bi atẹle:

$ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox"
PID User     Command                         Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
 9212 root     sudo smem --processfilter=f        0     1172     1434     4856 
 9213 root     /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm        0     7368     7793    11984 
 4424 tecmint  /usr/lib/firefox/firefox           0   931732   937590   961504 

Ṣiṣẹ kika jade le ṣe pataki pupọ, ati pe awọn aṣayan wa lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn iroyin iranti ati pe awa yoo wo awọn apẹẹrẹ diẹ ni isalẹ.

Lati ṣe afihan awọn ọwọn ti o fẹ ninu ijabọ naa, lo -c tabi --columns aṣayan bi atẹle:

$ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss"
Name                     User          PSS      RSS 
cat                      tecmint       145     1784 
cat                      tecmint       147     1676 
ck-launch-sessi          tecmint       165     1780 
gnome-pty-helpe          tecmint       178     1832 
gnome-pty-helpe          tecmint       179     1916 
getty                    root          184     2052 
getty                    root          187     2060 
getty                    root          187     2060 
getty                    root          188     2124 
getty                    root          196     2064 
getty                    root          196     2136 
sh                       tecmint       224     1540 
acpid                    root          236     1604 
syndaemon                tecmint       296     2560 
rtkit-daemon             rtkit         326     2548 
cron                     root          333     2344 
avahi-daemon             avahi         334     1632 
irqbalance               root          343     2096 
upstart-socket-          root          351     1820 
dbus-launch              tecmint       360     2160 
upstart-file-br          root          371     1776 
xdm                      root          378     2368 
kerneloops               kernoops      386     2684 
upstart-udev-br          root          427     2132 
ssh-agent                tecmint       485      992 
...

O le bẹbẹ aṣayan -p lati ṣe ijabọ lilo iranti ni awọn ipin ogorun, bi ninu aṣẹ ni isalẹ:

$ sudo smem -p
 PID User     Command                         Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
 6367 tecmint  cat                            0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 6368 tecmint  cat                            0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 9307 tecmint  sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 2864 tecmint  /usr/bin/ck-launch-session     0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 3544 tecmint  sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 5758 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 7656 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 1441 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1434 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1444 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1432 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1452 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 2619 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1      0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1504 root     acpid -c /etc/acpi/events -    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 3311 tecmint  syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R         0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 3143 rtkit    /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1588 root     cron                           0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
 1589 avahi    avahi-daemon: chroot helpe     0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 1523 root     /usr/sbin/irqbalance           0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
  585 root     upstart-socket-bridge --dae    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02% 
 3033 tecmint  /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.03% 
....

Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo fihan awọn lapapọ ni opin ọwọn kọọkan ti iṣẹjade:

$ sudo smem -t
PID User     Command                         Swap      USS      PSS      RSS 
 6367 tecmint  cat                                0      100      139     1784 
 6368 tecmint  cat                                0      100      141     1676 
 9307 tecmint  sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux        0       96      158     1508 
 2864 tecmint  /usr/bin/ck-launch-session         0      144      163     1780 
 3544 tecmint  sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi        0      108      170     1540 
 5758 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper                   0      156      176     1916 
 7656 tecmint  gnome-pty-helper                   0      156      176     1832 
 1441 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2          0      152      181     2052 
 1434 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5          0      156      184     2060 
 1444 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3          0      156      184     2060 
 1432 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4          0      156      185     2124 
 1452 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6          0      164      193     2064 
 2619 root     /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1          0      164      193     2136 
 1504 root     acpid -c /etc/acpi/events -        0      220      232     1604 
 3311 tecmint  syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R             0      260      298     2564 
 3143 rtkit    /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon        0      300      324     2548 
 1588 root     cron                               0      292      326     2344 
 1589 avahi    avahi-daemon: chroot helpe         0      124      332     1632 
 1523 root     /usr/sbin/irqbalance               0      316      340     2096 
  585 root     upstart-socket-bridge --dae        0      328      349     1820 
 3033 tecmint  /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit        0      328      359     2160 
 1346 root     upstart-file-bridge --daemo        0      348      370     1776 
 2607 root     /usr/bin/xdm                       0      188      375     2368 
 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops               0      352      384     2684 
  344 root     upstart-udev-bridge --daemo        0      400      426     2132 
.....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  134 11                                          0  2171428  2376266  3587972 

Siwaju sii siwaju sii, awọn aṣayan wa fun awọn iroyin ayaworan ti o tun le lo ati pe awa yoo bọ sinu wọn ni apakan iha yii.

O le ṣe agbejade igi ti awọn ilana ati awọn PSS wọn ati awọn iye RSS, ninu apẹẹrẹ ni isalẹ, a ṣe agbekalẹ igi ti awọn ilana ti ohun ini nipasẹ gbongbo olumulo.

Ofurufu inaro n fihan PSS ati odiwọn RSS ti awọn ilana ati ọkọ ofurufu pete duro fun ilana olumulo gbongbo kọọkan:

$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss"

O tun le ṣe agbekalẹ apẹrẹ paii ti o nfihan awọn ilana ati agbara iranti wọn da lori PSS tabi awọn iye RSS. Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe agbejade apẹrẹ paii kan fun awọn ilana ti o jẹ ti awọn idiwọn wiwọn olumulo.

Orukọ --pie orukọ tumọ si aami nipasẹ orukọ ati aṣayan -s ṣe iranlọwọ lati to lẹsẹsẹ nipasẹ iye PSS.

$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss

Ọpọlọpọ awọn aaye ti a mọ miiran yatọ si PSS ati RSS ti a lo fun awọn shatti aami:

Lati gba iranlọwọ, tẹ ni kia kia, smem -h tabi ṣabẹwo si oju-iwe titẹsi Afowoyi.

A yoo da duro nibi pẹlu smem, ṣugbọn lati loye rẹ daradara, lo pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣayan miiran ti o le rii ninu oju-iwe eniyan naa. Gẹgẹbi o ṣe deede o le lo abala ọrọ asọye ni isalẹ lati ṣafihan eyikeyi awọn ero tabi awọn ifiyesi.

Awọn ọna asopọ Itọkasi: https://www.selenic.com/smem/