Smem - Ijabọ Agbara Igbesi-iranti Fun Ilana Kan ati Ipilẹ Olumulo ni Linux
Isakoso iranti ni awọn ofin ti ibojuwo lilo iranti jẹ ohun pataki kan lati ṣe lori eto Linux rẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn irinṣẹ wa fun ibojuwo lilo iranti rẹ ti o le rii lori awọn pinpin kaakiri Linux. Ṣugbọn wọn ṣiṣẹ ni awọn ọna oriṣiriṣi, ninu eyi bawo ni a ṣe le ṣe itọsọna, a yoo wo bi a ṣe le fi sori ẹrọ ati lilo iru irinṣẹ bẹẹ ti a pe ni smem.
Smem jẹ ọpa ijabọ iroyin laini aṣẹ-aṣẹ ti o fun olumulo ni awọn iroyin oniruuru olumulo lori lilo iranti lori eto Linux kan. Ohunkan alailẹgbẹ kan wa nipa smem, laisi awọn irinṣẹ irin-iṣẹ iranti iranti ibile miiran, o ṣe ijabọ PSS (Iwọn Ṣeto Ti o yẹ), aṣoju ti o ni itumọ diẹ sii ti lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn ohun elo ati awọn ile ikawe ni iṣeto iranti foju kan.
Awọn irinṣẹ ibile ti o wa tẹlẹ fojusi lori kika RSS (Iwọn Ṣeto Olugbe) eyiti o jẹ iwọn boṣewa lati ṣe atẹle lilo iranti ni ero iranti ti ara, ṣugbọn o duro lati gaju lilo iranti julọ nipasẹ awọn ohun elo.
PSS ni apa keji, n fun iwọn ni oye nipa ṣiṣe ipinnu “ipin-ododo” ti iranti ti awọn ohun elo ati awọn ile ikawe lo ninu ero iranti foju kan.
O le ka itọsọna yii (nipa iranti RSS ati PSS) lati ni oye agbara iranti ni eto Lainos kan, ṣugbọn jẹ ki a tẹsiwaju si wiwo diẹ ninu awọn ẹya ti smem.
- Atokọ Akopọ eto
- Awọn atokọ ati sisẹ nipasẹ ilana, awọn maapu tabi olumulo
- Lilo data lati/eto faili faili
- Awọn ọwọn atokọ atunto lati awọn orisun data pupọ
- Awọn iṣiro iṣẹjade atunto ati awọn ipin ogorun ogorun
- Rọrun lati tunto awọn akọle ati awọn akopọ ninu awọn atokọ
- Lilo awọn sikirinisoti data lati awọn digi itọsọna tabi fisinuirindigbindigbin awọn faili oda
- Itọsọna ẹda apẹrẹ ti a ṣe sinu
- Ohun elo imudani fẹẹrẹ ti a lo ninu awọn eto ifibọ
Bii o ṣe le Fi Smem - Irinṣẹ Ijabọ Iranti sinu Linux
Ṣaaju ki o to tẹsiwaju pẹlu fifi sori ẹrọ ti smem, eto rẹ gbọdọ pade awọn ibeere wọnyi:
- ekuro igbalode (> 2.6.27 tabi bẹẹ)
- ẹya tuntun ti Python (2.4 tabi bẹẹ)
- iyan ikawe matplotlib yiyan fun iran awọn shatti
Pupọ ninu awọn pinpin Lainos ti ode oni wa pẹlu ẹya Kernel tuntun pẹlu atilẹyin Python 2 tabi 3, nitorinaa ibeere nikan ni lati fi sori ẹrọ iwe-ikawe matplotlib eyiti o lo lati ṣe awọn shatti ti o wuyi.
Akọkọ mu ibi ipamọ EPEL (Awọn idii Afikun fun Laini Idawọlẹ) ati lẹhinna fi sii bi atẹle:
# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
$ sudo apt-get install smem
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
Lo ibi ipamọ AUR yii.
Bii O ṣe le Lo Smem - Irinṣẹ Ijabọ Iranti ni Linux
Lati wo ijabọ ti lilo iranti kọja gbogbo eto, nipasẹ gbogbo awọn olumulo eto, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle:
$ sudo smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 165 1780 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 178 1832 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 179 1916 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 184 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 187 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 187 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 188 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 196 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 196 2136 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 236 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 326 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 333 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 334 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 343 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 351 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 371 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 378 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 386 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 427 2132 2960 tecmint /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin 0 480 485 992 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 1559 avahi avahi-daemon: running [tecm 0 284 517 3108 7289 postfix pickup -l -t unix -u -c 0 288 534 2808 2135 root /usr/lib/postfix/master 0 352 576 2872 2436 postfix qmgr -l -t unix -u 0 360 606 2884 1521 root /lib/systemd/systemd-logind 0 600 650 3276 2222 nobody /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso 0 604 669 3288 ....
Nigbati olumulo deede ba gbajumọ, o ṣe afihan lilo iranti nipasẹ ilana ti olumulo ti bẹrẹ, awọn ilana ti ṣeto ni aṣẹ ti jijẹ PSS.
Wo iṣujade ti o wa ni isalẹ lori eto mi fun lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn ilana ti o bẹrẹ nipasẹ olumulo aaronkilik
:
$ smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 166 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 3122 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd 0 656 801 5552 3471 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 708 864 5992 3396 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu 0 804 914 6204 3208 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i 0 892 1012 6188 3380 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu 0 820 1024 6396 3034 tecmint //bin/dbus-daemon --fork -- 0 920 1081 3040 3365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2- 0 972 1099 6052 3228 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash - 0 980 1153 6648 3107 tecmint /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic 0 1212 1283 5376 6399 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/chrome - 0 144 1409 10732 3478 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g 0 1724 1820 6320 7365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http -- 0 1352 1884 8704 6937 tecmint /opt/libreoffice5.0/program 0 1140 2328 5040 3194 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p 0 1956 2405 14228 6373 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel 0 2324 2541 8908 3313 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2- 0 2460 2754 8736 3464 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 2684 2823 7920 5771 tecmint ssh -p 4521 [email 0 2544 2864 6540 5759 tecmint /bin/bash 0 2416 2923 5640 3541 tecmint /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi 0 2584 3008 7248 7657 tecmint bash 0 2516 3055 6028 3127 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r 0 3024 3126 8032 3205 tecmint mate-screensaver 0 2520 3331 18072 3171 tecmint /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific 0 2860 3495 17140 3030 tecmint x-session-manager 0 4400 4879 17500 3197 tecmint mate-volume-control-applet 0 3860 5226 23736 ...
Awọn aṣayan pupọ lo wa lati bẹbẹ lakoko lilo smem, fun apẹẹrẹ, lati wo agbara iranti eto jakejado, ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle:
$ sudo smem -w
Area Used Cache Noncache firmware/hardware 0 0 0 kernel image 0 0 0 kernel dynamic memory 1425320 1291412 133908 userspace memory 2215368 451608 1763760 free memory 4424936 4424936 0
Lati wo lilo iranti lori ipilẹ olumulo kan, ṣiṣe aṣẹ ni isalẹ:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1396 1419 3232 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323876 353418 496520 tecmint 64 0 1652888 1815699 2763112
O tun le ṣe ijabọ lilo iranti nipasẹ awọn maapu bi atẹle:
$ sudo smem -m
Map PIDs AVGPSS PSS /dev/fb0 1 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac 15 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p 9 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p 9 0 0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo 41 0 0 /usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme. 15 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43 20 0 0 ....
Awọn aṣayan tun wa fun sisẹ iṣelọpọ smem ati pe a yoo wo awọn apẹẹrẹ meji nibi.
Lati ṣe àlẹmọ iṣẹjade nipasẹ orukọ olumulo, bẹbẹ aṣayan -u
tabi --userfilter =\"regex \"
aṣayan bi isalẹ:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1400 1423 3236 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323804 353374 496552 tecmint 64 0 1708900 1871766 2819212
Lati ṣe àlẹmọ iṣẹjade nipasẹ orukọ ilana, pe aṣayan -P
tabi --processfilter =\"regex \"
aṣayan bi atẹle:
$ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox"
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 9212 root sudo smem --processfilter=f 0 1172 1434 4856 9213 root /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm 0 7368 7793 11984 4424 tecmint /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 0 931732 937590 961504
Ṣiṣẹ kika jade le ṣe pataki pupọ, ati pe awọn aṣayan wa lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn iroyin iranti ati pe awa yoo wo awọn apẹẹrẹ diẹ ni isalẹ.
Lati ṣe afihan awọn ọwọn ti o fẹ ninu ijabọ naa, lo -c
tabi --columns
aṣayan bi atẹle:
$ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss"
Name User PSS RSS cat tecmint 145 1784 cat tecmint 147 1676 ck-launch-sessi tecmint 165 1780 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 178 1832 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 179 1916 getty root 184 2052 getty root 187 2060 getty root 187 2060 getty root 188 2124 getty root 196 2064 getty root 196 2136 sh tecmint 224 1540 acpid root 236 1604 syndaemon tecmint 296 2560 rtkit-daemon rtkit 326 2548 cron root 333 2344 avahi-daemon avahi 334 1632 irqbalance root 343 2096 upstart-socket- root 351 1820 dbus-launch tecmint 360 2160 upstart-file-br root 371 1776 xdm root 378 2368 kerneloops kernoops 386 2684 upstart-udev-br root 427 2132 ssh-agent tecmint 485 992 ...
O le bẹbẹ aṣayan -p
lati ṣe ijabọ lilo iranti ni awọn ipin ogorun, bi ninu aṣẹ ni isalẹ:
$ sudo smem -p
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 6368 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1588 root cron 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% ....
Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo fihan awọn lapapọ ni opin ọwọn kọọkan ti iṣẹjade:
$ sudo smem -t
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 139 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 141 1676 9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0 96 158 1508 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 163 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 108 170 1540 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1916 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1832 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 181 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 184 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 184 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 185 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 193 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 193 2136 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 232 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 260 298 2564 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 324 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 326 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 332 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 340 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 349 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 359 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 370 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 375 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 384 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 426 2132 ..... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134 11 0 2171428 2376266 3587972
Siwaju sii siwaju sii, awọn aṣayan wa fun awọn iroyin ayaworan ti o tun le lo ati pe awa yoo bọ sinu wọn ni apakan iha yii.
O le ṣe agbejade igi ti awọn ilana ati awọn PSS wọn ati awọn iye RSS, ninu apẹẹrẹ ni isalẹ, a ṣe agbekalẹ igi ti awọn ilana ti ohun ini nipasẹ gbongbo olumulo.
Ofurufu inaro n fihan PSS ati odiwọn RSS ti awọn ilana ati ọkọ ofurufu pete duro fun ilana olumulo gbongbo kọọkan:
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss"
O tun le ṣe agbekalẹ apẹrẹ paii ti o nfihan awọn ilana ati agbara iranti wọn da lori PSS tabi awọn iye RSS. Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe agbejade apẹrẹ paii kan fun awọn ilana ti o jẹ ti awọn idiwọn wiwọn olumulo.
Orukọ --pie
orukọ tumọ si aami nipasẹ orukọ ati aṣayan -s
ṣe iranlọwọ lati to lẹsẹsẹ nipasẹ iye PSS.
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss
Ọpọlọpọ awọn aaye ti a mọ miiran yatọ si PSS ati RSS ti a lo fun awọn shatti aami:
Lati gba iranlọwọ, tẹ ni kia kia, smem -h
tabi ṣabẹwo si oju-iwe titẹsi Afowoyi.
A yoo da duro nibi pẹlu smem, ṣugbọn lati loye rẹ daradara, lo pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣayan miiran ti o le rii ninu oju-iwe eniyan naa. Gẹgẹbi o ṣe deede o le lo abala ọrọ asọye ni isalẹ lati ṣafihan eyikeyi awọn ero tabi awọn ifiyesi.
Awọn ọna asopọ Itọkasi: https://www.selenic.com/smem/