Bii a ṣe le Wa ati To lẹsẹsẹ Awọn faili Ti o da lori Ọjọ Iyipada ati Aago ninu Lainos

Nigbagbogbo, a wa ni ihuwasi ti fifipamọ ọpọlọpọ alaye ni ọna awọn faili lori eto wa. Diẹ ninu, awọn faili ti o pamọ, diẹ ninu ti o wa ninu folda ti o yatọ ti a ṣẹda fun irọrun oye wa, lakoko ti diẹ ninu bi o ṣe ri. Ṣugbọn, gbogbo nkan yii kun awọn ilana wa; nigbagbogbo tabili, ṣiṣe awọn ti o wo bi a idotin. Ṣugbọn, iṣoro naa waye nigbati a nilo lati wa faili kan ti a tunṣe ni ọjọ ati akoko kan pato ninu ikojọpọ nla yii.

Eniyan ti o ni itunu pẹlu GUI le rii ni lilo Oluṣakoso faili, eyiti o ṣe akojọ awọn faili ni ọna atokọ gigun, ṣiṣe ni irọrun lati ṣawari ohun ti a fẹ, ṣugbọn awọn olumulo wọnyẹn ti o ni ihuwasi ti awọn iboju dudu, tabi paapaa ẹnikẹni ti n ṣiṣẹ lori awọn olupin ti ko ni GUI yoo ṣe fẹ aṣẹ ti o rọrun tabi ṣeto awọn ofin ti o le mu irọrun wiwa wọn jade.

Ẹwa gidi ti Lainos fihan nibi, bi Linux ṣe ni akojọpọ awọn aṣẹ eyiti eyiti o ba lo lọtọ tabi papọ le ṣe iranlọwọ lati wa faili kan, tabi ṣajọ akojọpọ awọn faili ni ibamu si orukọ wọn, ọjọ iyipada, akoko ẹda, tabi paapaa eyikeyi àlẹmọ o le ronu ti lilo lati gba abajade rẹ.

Nibi, a yoo ṣii agbara gidi ti Lainos nipa ṣiṣe ayẹwo awọn ofin kan ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ fun iyatọ faili kan tabi paapaa atokọ awọn faili nipasẹ Ọjọ ati Aago.

Awọn ohun elo Linux lati to awọn faili ni Linux

Diẹ ninu awọn ohun elo laini aṣẹ laini Linux ti o to fun tito lẹsẹsẹ ti o da lori Ọjọ ati Aago ni:

ls - Awọn akoonu atokọ ti itọsọna, iwulo yii le ṣe atokọ awọn faili ati awọn ilana ilana ati paapaa le ṣe atokọ gbogbo alaye ipo nipa wọn pẹlu: ọjọ ati akoko iyipada tabi wiwọle, awọn igbanilaaye, iwọn, oluwa, ẹgbẹ ati bẹbẹ lọ.

A ti ṣaju ọpọlọpọ awọn nkan lori aṣẹ Linux ls ati iru aṣẹ, o le wa wọn ni isalẹ:

Kọ ẹkọ ls pipaṣẹ pẹlu Awọn apẹẹrẹ ipilẹ 15
Kọ ẹkọ 7 Advance ls Awọn ofin pẹlu Awọn apẹẹrẹ
Awọn ibeere Ifọrọwanilẹnuwo to wulo lori ls infin ni Lainos

lẹsẹsẹ - A le lo aṣẹ yii lati to lẹsẹsẹ ni iṣujade ti eyikeyi wiwa kan nipasẹ eyikeyi aaye tabi eyikeyi iwe kan pato ti aaye naa.

A ti sọ tẹlẹ bo awọn nkan meji lori aṣẹ irufẹ Linux, o le wa wọn ni isalẹ:

14 Linux ‘too’ Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ - Apakan 1
7 Lainos iwulo ‘too’ Awọn apẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ - Apakan 2

Awọn ofin wọnyi wa ninu ara wọn awọn ofin ti o lagbara pupọ lati ṣakoso ti o ba ṣiṣẹ lori awọn iboju dudu ati pe o ni lati ba ọpọlọpọ awọn faili ṣiṣẹ, lati gba eyi ti o fẹ.

Diẹ ninu Awọn ọna lati to Awọn faili ni lilo Ọjọ ati Aago

Ni isalẹ ni atokọ awọn ofin lati to lẹsẹsẹ da Ọjọ ati Aago.

Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe akojọ awọn faili ni ọna atokọ gigun, ati awọn faili ti o da lori akoko iyipada, tuntun akọkọ. Lati to lẹsẹsẹ ni aṣẹ yiyipada, lo -r yipada pẹlu aṣẹ yii.

# ls -lt

total 673768
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3312130 Jan 19 15:24 When You Are Gone.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony-1.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  6629090 Jan 19 15:24 Westlife_Tonight.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3448832 Jan 19 15:24 We Are The World by USA For Africa (Michael Jackson).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  8580934 Jan 19 15:24 This Love.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  2194832 Jan 19 15:24 The Cross Of Changes.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5087527 Jan 19 15:24 T.N.T. For The Brain 5.18.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3437100 Jan 19 15:24 Summer Of '69.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4360278 Jan 19 15:24 Smell Of Desire.4.32.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4582632 Jan 19 15:24 Silence Must Be Heard 4.46.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4147119 Jan 19 15:24 Shadows In Silence 4.19.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4189654 Jan 19 15:24 Sarah Brightman  & Enigma - Eden (remix).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4124421 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - Smooth Operator.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4771840 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - And I Miss You.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3749477 Jan 19 15:24 Run To You.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  7573679 Jan 19 15:24 Roger Sanchez_Another Chance_Full_Mix.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3018211 Jan 19 15:24 Principal Of Lust.3.08.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5688390 Jan 19 15:24 Please Forgive Me.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3381827 Jan 19 15:24 Obvious.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5499073 Jan 19 15:24 Namstey-London-Viraaniya.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3129210 Jan 19 15:24 MOS-Enya - Only Time (Pop Radio mix).m

Atokọ awọn faili ni itọsọna ti o da lori akoko iraye si to kẹhin, ie da lori akoko ti a ti wọle si faili naa nikẹhin, ko yipada.

# ls -ltu

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-ISO
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Music-Player
drwx------  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tor-browser_en-US
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 bin
drwxr-xr-x 11 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Android Games
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Songs
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 renamefiles
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 katoolin-master
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  6 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tuptime
drwxr-xr-x  4 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint      20480 Jan 19 15:22 ffmpeg usage
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm-helper

Atokọ awọn faili ni itọsọna ti o da lori akoko iyipada to kẹhin ti alaye ipo faili, tabi ctime . Aṣẹ yii yoo ṣe akojọ faili akọkọ ti eyikeyi alaye ipo bii: oluwa, ẹgbẹ, awọn igbanilaaye, iwọn ati be be lo ti yipada laipẹ.

# ls -ltc

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 13:05 img
-rw-------  1 tecmint tecmint     262191 Jan 19 12:15 tecmint.jpeg
drwxr-xr-x  5 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 10:57 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  7 tecmint tecmint      12288 Jan 18 16:00 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 13 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 18 15:36 VirtualBox VMs
-rwxr-xr-x  1 tecmint tecmint        691 Jan 13 14:57 special.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654325 Jan  4 16:55 powertop-2.7.tar.gz.save
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654329 Jan  4 11:17 filename.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan  4 11:04 powertop-2.7
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     447795 Dec 31 14:22 Happy-New-Year-2016.jpg
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint         12 Dec 18 18:46 ravi
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint       1823 Dec 16 12:45 setuid.txt
...

Ti a ba lo yipada -a pẹlu awọn ofin loke, wọn le ṣe atokọ ki o to lẹsẹsẹ paapaa awọn faili ti o farapamọ ninu itọsọna lọwọlọwọ, ati pe iyipada -r ṣe atokọ iṣẹjade ni aṣẹ yiyipada.

Fun tito-jinlẹ jinlẹ diẹ sii, bii tito lẹsẹẹsẹ lori Ijade ti pipaṣẹ wiwa, sibẹsibẹ ls tun le ṣee lo, ṣugbọn nibẹ too ṣe afihan iranlọwọ diẹ sii bi ṣiṣe le ma ni faili nikan lorukọ ṣugbọn awọn aaye eyikeyi ti olumulo fẹ.

Awọn ofin isalẹ wa fihan lilo ti too pẹlu wa aṣẹ lati to akojọ awọn faili ti o da lori Ọjọ ati Aago.

Lati ni imọ siwaju sii nipa wiwa aṣẹ, tẹle ọna asopọ yii: 35 Awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe iṣe ti ‘wa’ infin ni Linux

Nibi, a lo wa pipaṣẹ lati wa gbogbo awọn faili ninu gbongbo (‘/’) itọsọna ati lẹhinna tẹjade abajade bi: Oṣu ninu eyiti o ti wọle si faili lẹhinna orukọ faili. Ti abajade pipe, nibi a ṣe atokọ awọn titẹ sii 11 ti o ga julọ.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11

Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ ṣe iyatọ iṣẹjade nipa lilo bọtini bi aaye akọkọ, ti a ṣalaye nipasẹ -k1 ati lẹhinna o ṣe lẹsẹsẹ lori Oṣu bi a ti ṣalaye nipasẹ M niwaju rẹ.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1M

Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install

Nibi, lẹẹkansi a lo wa pipaṣẹ lati wa gbogbo awọn faili ni itọsọna gbongbo, ṣugbọn nisisiyi a yoo tẹjade abajade bi: ọjọ to kẹhin ti a ti wọle si faili naa, akoko ikẹhin ti o ti wọle ati lẹhinna faili orukọ. Ti ti a ya jade oke 11 awọn titẹ sii.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11

12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Iru aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ awọn ọna akọkọ lori ipilẹ nọmba to kẹhin ti ọdun, lẹhinna awọn iru lori ipilẹ nọmba to kẹhin ti oṣu ni aṣẹ yiyipada ati nikẹhin awọn iru lori ipilẹ aaye akọkọ. Nibi, '1.8' tumọ si iwe 8th ti aaye akọkọ ati 'n' ṣiwaju rẹ tumọ si iru nọmba, lakoko ti 'r' tọkasi tito lẹsẹsẹ aṣẹ yiyipada.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.8n -k1.1nr -k1

12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0

Nibi, lẹẹkansi a lo wa pipaṣẹ lati ṣe atokọ awọn faili 11 oke ni itọsọna gbongbo ati tẹjade abajade ni ọna kika: ti wọle si faili akoko to kẹhin ati lẹhinna orukọ faili.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11

11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn



Aṣẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ lẹsẹsẹ iṣẹjade ti o da lori ọwọn akọkọ ti aaye akọkọ ti iṣelọpọ eyiti o jẹ nọmba akọkọ ti wakati.
# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.1n

06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
Aṣẹ yii ṣe iyatọ iṣẹjade ti  ls -l  pipaṣẹ da lori oṣu kẹfa ọlọgbọn, lẹhinna da lori aaye 7th eyiti o jẹ ọjọ, ni nọmba.
# ls -l | sort -k6M -k7n

total 116
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct  1 19:51 backup.tgz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct  7 15:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15853 Oct  7 15:19 powertop_report.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79112 Oct  7 15:25 powertop.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 16 15:26 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    13 Oct 16 15:17 B
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    21 Oct 16 15:16 A
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    64 Oct 16 15:38 C
Ipari
Bakan naa, nipa nini diẹ ninu imọ ti iru aṣẹ, o le to fere eyikeyi atokọ da lori aaye eyikeyi ati paapaa eyikeyi iwe ti o fẹ. Iwọnyi jẹ diẹ ninu awọn ẹtan lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati to awọn faili ti o da lori Ọjọ tabi Aago. O le ni awọn ẹtan ti ara rẹ ti o da lori iwọnyi. Sibẹsibẹ, ti o ba ni ẹtan miiran ti o nifẹ, o le sọ nigbagbogbo ninu awọn asọye rẹ.