Bii o ṣe le Mu/Titiipa tabi Awọn imudojuiwọn Apopọ Blacklist nipa lilo Ọpa Apt

APT tumọ si Ọpa Apoti Ilọsiwaju jẹ oluṣakoso package miiran ti a rii lori awọn eto orisun Linux. Lakoko ti a ṣe apẹrẹ bi opin-iwaju fun dpkg lati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn idii .deb, apt ti ṣaṣeyọri lati ṣe afihan hihan rẹ lori Mac OS, Open Solaris abbl.

Fẹ lati kọ ati ṣakoso nipa APT ati awọn aṣẹ DPKG lati ṣakoso iṣakoso package Debian, lẹhinna lo awọn nkan inu wa ti yoo jinlẹ diẹ sii ju awọn apẹẹrẹ 30 + lori awọn irinṣẹ mejeeji.

Ninu nkan yii a yoo rii ọpọlọpọ awọn imuposi lati mu/tiipa package lati fi sori ẹrọ, igbesoke ati yọkuro ni Debian Linux ati awọn itọsẹ rẹ bii Ubuntu ati Linux Mint.

1. Muu/Titiipa Package Lilo ‘apt-mark’ pẹlu idaduro/unand Aṣayan

Ami-apt ami-aṣẹ yoo samisi tabi yọ aami package sọfitiwia bi fifi sori ẹrọ laifọwọyi ati pe o ti lo pẹlu idaduro aṣayan tabi unhold.

mu - aṣayan yii ti a lo lati samisi package kan bi idaduro, eyiti yoo dẹkun package lati fi sori ẹrọ, igbesoke tabi yọkuro.
unhold - aṣayan yii ti a lo lati yọ idaduro ti a ṣeto tẹlẹ lori apo-iwe ati gba laaye lati fi sori ẹrọ, igbesoke ati yọ package kuro.

Fun apẹẹrẹ, fun ṣiṣe package sọ apache2 ko si fun fifi sori ẹrọ, igbasilẹ-ipele tabi aifi-po, o le lo aṣẹ atẹle ni ebute pẹlu awọn anfaani gbongbo:

# apt-mark hold apache2

Lati jẹ ki package yii wa fun imudojuiwọn, kan rọpo ‘idaduro‘ pẹlu ‘unhold’.

# apt-mark unhold apache2

Dina Awọn imudojuiwọn Package Lilo Faili Awọn ayanfẹ APT

Ọna miiran lati dènà awọn imudojuiwọn ti package kan pato ni lati ṣafikun titẹsi rẹ ni /etc/apt/preferences tabi /etc/apt/preferences.d/official-package-repositories.pref faili. Faili yii ni ojuse ti imudojuiwọn tabi dena awọn imudojuiwọn package kan gẹgẹbi ayo ti olumulo ṣalaye.

Lati dènà package, o kan nilo lati tẹ orukọ rẹ sii, ẹya afikun, ati si kini ayo ti o fẹ mu lọ si. Nibi, ayo <1 yoo dina package naa.

Fun ìdènà eyikeyi package, kan tẹ awọn alaye rẹ sii ni faili /etc/apt/preferences bii eleyi:

Package: <package-name> (Here, '*' means all packages)
Pin: release *
Pin-Priority: <less than 0>

Fun apẹẹrẹ lati dènà awọn imudojuiwọn fun package apache2 ṣafikun titẹ sii bi o ti han:

Package: apache2
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1

A le lo awọn aṣayan miiran pẹlu ọrọ idasilẹ fun idanimọ package ti o wa lori eyi ti a Fi Nkan pataki Pin. Awọn ọrọ-ọrọ wọnyẹn ni:
  a -> Ile ifi nkan pamosi 
  c -> paati 
  o -> Oti 
  l -> Aami> 
  n -> Itumọ faaji 
 
fẹran:
Pin: release o=Debian,a=Experimental
Yoo tumọ si lati fa package ti a ṣalaye lati inu iwe ipamọ adanwo ti Debian.
Ṣe atokọ Blacklist Imudojuiwọn Iṣakojọpọ nipa lilo APT Autoremove File



Ọna miiran lati ṣe akojọ dudu kan package lati fifi sori ẹrọ ni lati ṣe imudojuiwọn titẹsi rẹ ni ọkan ninu awọn faili ti o wa ninu  /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/  itọsọna eyiti o jẹ 01autoremove.
Ayẹwo faili ti han ni isalẹ:
APT
{
  NeverAutoRemove
  {
        "^firmware-linux.*";
        "^linux-firmware$";
  };

  VersionedKernelPackages
  {
        # linux kernels
        "linux-image";
        "linux-headers";
        "linux-image-extra";
        "linux-signed-image";
        # kfreebsd kernels
        "kfreebsd-image";
        "kfreebsd-headers";
        # hurd kernels
        "gnumach-image";
        # (out-of-tree) modules
        ".*-modules";
        ".*-kernel";
        "linux-backports-modules-.*";
        # tools
        "linux-tools";
  };

  Never-MarkAuto-Sections
  {
        "metapackages";
        "restricted/metapackages";
        "universe/metapackages";
        "multiverse/metapackages";
        "oldlibs";
        "restricted/oldlibs";
        "universe/oldlibs";
        "multiverse/oldlibs";
  };
};
Bayi, fun atokọ dudu eyikeyi package, o kan nilo lati tẹ orukọ rẹ sii ni  Maṣe-MarkAuto-Awọn apakan . Kan tẹ orukọ ti package ni ipari ni  Maṣe-MarkAuto-Abala  ati Fipamọ ati Pade faili naa. Eyi yoo dẹkun apt fun wiwa fun awọn imudojuiwọn siwaju ti package yẹn.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati ṣe akojọ dudu kan package lati jẹ imudojuiwọn ṣafikun titẹ sii bi o ti han:
Never-MarkAuto-Sections
  {
        "metapackages";
        "restricted/metapackages";
        "universe/metapackages";
        "multiverse/metapackages";
        "oldlibs";
        "restricted/oldlibs";
        "universe/oldlibs";
        "multiverse/oldlibs";
        "apache2*";
  };
};
Aṣayan Aṣa Aṣa fun Imudojuiwọn
Omiiran miiran fun eyi ni lati yan ohun ti o fẹ mu. Ọpa apt fun ọ ni ominira lati yan ohun ti o fẹ ṣe imudojuiwọn, ṣugbọn fun eyi o yẹ ki o ni oye nipa ohun ti gbogbo awọn idii wa fun ipo-ipele.
Fun iru nkan kan, atẹle awọn ofin le jẹ iranlọwọ:
a. Lati Akojọ kini awọn idii ti o ni awọn imudojuiwọn ni isunmọtosi.
# apt-get -u -V upgrade
b. Lati fi awọn idii yiyan nikan sii.
# apt-get --only-upgrade install <package-name>
Ipari
Ninu nkan yii, a ti ṣalaye awọn ọna diẹ lati mu/dènà tabi awọn imudojuiwọn package akojọ dudu nipa lilo ọna APT. Ti o ba mọ ọna ayanfẹ miiran, jẹ ki a mọ nipasẹ awọn asọye tabi ti o ba n wa aṣẹ yum lati mu/titiipa imudojuiwọn pa, lẹhinna ka nkan yii ni isalẹ.