Awọn ọna 4 lati Mu/Titiipa Awọn imudojuiwọn Package Diẹ Lilo Yum Command

Oluṣakoso Package jẹ sọfitiwia eyiti o fun laaye olumulo ni ọran ti fifi sori ẹrọ ti sọfitiwia tuntun, igbasilẹ-ipele ti eto, tabi mimu imudojuiwọn eyikeyi sọfitiwia kan pato ati iru awọn nkan. Ni ọran ti awọn eto ipilẹ Linux eyiti software kan ni ọpọlọpọ awọn igbẹkẹle eyiti o nilo lati wa lori eto fun fifi sori ẹrọ pipe ti sọfitiwia naa, iru sọfitiwia bii oluṣakoso package di ohun elo ti o nilo pupọ lori gbogbo eto.

Pinpin Lainos kọọkan wa pẹlu oluṣakoso package aiyipada rẹ fun awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti a sọ loke, ṣugbọn ti gbogbo awọn wọnyi ti a rii julọ julọ ni: yum lori awọn ọna RHEL ati Fedora (nibiti o ti rọpo lọwọlọwọ pẹlu DNF lati Fedora 22 + siwaju) ati ṣiṣe lati Debian.

Ti o ba n wa ohun elo APT lati dènà tabi mu awọn imudojuiwọn package kan pato, lẹhinna o yẹ ki o ka nkan yii.

Dnf tabi Danified yum n rọpo yum lori awọn ọna Fedora eyiti o jẹ ọkan miiran ninu atokọ wa. Ti o ba ṣawari daradara, Awọn Olutọju Package wọnyi le ṣee lo fun awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe atẹle:

Fifi sọfitiwia tuntun lati ibi ipamọ sii.
Yanju awọn igbẹkẹle ti sọfitiwia nipa fifi awọn igbẹkẹle wọnyẹn sii ṣaaju fifi software sii.
N ṣetọju ibi ipamọ data ti awọn igbẹkẹle ti sọfitiwia kọọkan.
Downgrade version of eyikeyi software to wa tẹlẹ.
Igbesoke ẹya ekuro.
Awọn idii atokọ wa fun fifi sori ẹrọ.

A ti ṣaju awọn nkan alaye ni lọtọ lori awọn alakoso package kọọkan kọọkan pẹlu awọn apẹẹrẹ iṣe, o yẹ ki o ka wọn lati ṣakoso ati iṣakoso package package ni awọn pinpin Linux tirẹ.

Ka Tun:

Titunto si Yum Command pẹlu 20 Awọn apẹẹrẹ Iṣẹ iṣe
Awọn aṣẹ DNF 27 lati Ṣakoso awọn idii ni Fedora 22 + Awọn ẹya
Kọ ẹkọ Awọn aṣẹ APT 25 lati Ṣakoso awọn Awọn idii Ubuntu

Ninu nkan naa, a yoo rii bi a ṣe le tii/mu awọn imudojuiwọn package kan kuro ni lilo oluṣakoso package Yum ni awọn ilana RHEL/CentOS ati Fedora (ti o wulo titi Fedora 21, nigbamii awọn ẹya Fedora tuntun pẹlu dnf bi oluṣakoso package aiyipada).

Mu/Titiipa Awọn imudojuiwọn Package nipa lilo Yum

Imudojuiwọn aja aja, Ti a ṣe atunṣe (yum) jẹ ọpa iṣakoso package ni awọn pinpin kaakiri RedHat bii CentOS ati Fedora. Orisirisi awọn ọgbọn ti a lo lati Tii/Muu Awọn imudojuiwọn Package nipa lilo Yum ni ijiroro ni isalẹ:

1. Ṣii ki o ṣatunkọ faili yum.conf , eyiti o wa ni /etc/yum.conf tabi ni /etc/yum/yum.conf.

O dabi ni isalẹ:

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
...

Nibi, lati ṣe iyasọtọ package kan lati fifi sori ẹrọ tabi igbasilẹ-ipele, o kan nilo lati ṣafikun oniyipada iyasoto pẹlu orukọ ti package ti o fẹ lati ṣe iyasọtọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ti Mo ba fẹ ṣe iyasọtọ gbogbo awọn idii python-3 lati ni imudojuiwọn, lẹhinna Emi yoo kan fi ila atẹle si yum.conf :

exclude=python-3*

Fun package diẹ sii ju ọkan lọ lati ṣe iyasọtọ iyasọtọ awọn orukọ wọn nipasẹ aaye.

exclude=httpd php

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
exclude=python-3*        [Exclude Single Package]
exclude=httpd php        [Exclude Multiple Packages]
...

Akiyesi: lati ṣafikun awọn idii wọnyi, ṣiṣaiṣe awọn titẹ sii ni yum.conf , lo\"- disableexcludes" ki o ṣeto si gbogbo | akọkọ | repoid, nibo ni 'akọkọ' jẹ awọn ti wọn tẹ ni yum.conf ati ' repoid 'ni awọn ti iyasọtọ ti wa ni pato ni itọsọna repos.d, bi a ti salaye nigbamii lori.

Bayi jẹ ki a gbiyanju lati fi sori ẹrọ tabi mu awọn idii ti a ṣalaye pàtó ki o wo aṣẹ yum yoo mu wọn ṣiṣẹ fifi tabi imudojuiwọn.

# yum install httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
Nothing to do

# yum update httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No packages marked for update

2. Loke jẹ ojutu ti o yẹ lati ṣe iyasọtọ package kan ayafi ti faili ba ti ṣatunkọ, package naa kii yoo ni imudojuiwọn. Eyi ni ojutu igba diẹ fun eyi tun. O kan ni akoko nigba ti o ba lọ fun imudojuiwọn eyikeyi, lo -x yipada ni aṣẹ yum lati ṣe iyasọtọ package ti o ko fẹ ṣe imudojuiwọn, bii:

# yum -x python-3 update

Aṣẹ ti o wa loke yoo ṣe imudojuiwọn gbogbo awọn idii ti awọn imudojuiwọn wa, laisi python-3 lori ẹrọ rẹ.

Nibi, fun iyasoto awọn idii pupọ, lo -x awọn igba lọpọlọpọ, tabi awọn orukọ apejọ lọtọ pẹlu , ni iyipada kan.

# yum -x httpd -x php update
OR
# yum -x httpd,php update

3. Lilo -exclude yipada ṣiṣẹ bakanna bi -x, o kan nilo lati ropo -x pẹlu –exclude ki o kọja , atokọ ti awọn orukọ package si.

# yum --exclude httpd,php

4. Fun eyikeyi package ti a fi sii lati eyikeyi orisun ita nipasẹ fifi ibi-ipamọ kun, ọna miiran wa lati da iduro-giga rẹ silẹ ni ọjọ iwaju. Eyi le ṣee ṣe nipa ṣiṣatunkọ faili rẹ .repo eyiti o ṣẹda ni /etc/yum/repos.d/ tabi /etc/yum.repos.d liana.

Ṣafikun aṣayan iyasoto pẹlu orukọ package ni repo. Bii: lati ṣe iyasọtọ eyikeyi package sọ ọti-waini lati epel repo, ṣafikun laini atẹle ni epel.repo faili:

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
exclude=wine

Bayi gbiyanju lati mu package waini wa, iwọ yoo ni aṣiṣe bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ:

# yum update wine

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
epel/x86_64/metalink                                    | 5.6 kB     00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No Match for argument: wine
No package wine available.
No packages marked for update

5. Ọna miiran ni yum lati bojuju ẹya ti eyikeyi package nitorinaa ṣiṣe ni ko si fun ipele-ipele, ni lati lo versionlock aṣayan ti yum, ṣugbọn lati ṣe eyi, o gbọdọ yum-ohun itanna-versionlock package fi sori ẹrọ lori eto naa.

# yum -y install yum-versionlock

Fun apẹẹrẹ, lati tii ẹya ti package sọ httpd si 2.4.6 nikan, kan kọ aṣẹ atẹle bi gbongbo.

# yum versionlock add httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos
versionlock added: 1

Lati wo awọn idii ti o pa, lo aṣẹ atẹle yoo ṣe atokọ awọn idii ti o ti jẹ ẹya ti pa.

# yum versionlock list httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.*
versionlock list done

Ipari

Iwọnyi ni awọn imọran diẹ eyiti yoo ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ Muu/Awọn imudojuiwọn Package Package nipa lilo oluṣakoso package yum. Ti o ba ni awọn ẹtan miiran lati ṣe awọn ohun kanna, o le sọ wọn pẹlu wa.