Bii o ṣe le Lo Awọn ohun elo Dara Debian Wulo 8 lati Ṣakoso awọn idii Debian
Debian-goodies jẹ package ti o pẹlu awọn ohun elo irinṣẹ-irinṣẹ ti a lo lati ṣakoso Debian ati awọn ọna itọsẹ rẹ bii Ubuntu, Kali Linux. Awọn ohun elo labẹ package yii ni idagbasoke ni iru ọna lati darapo pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn irinṣẹ ikarahun ti a mọ ati pe awọn miiran wa pẹlu nitori wọn ko le ṣe idagbasoke bi awọn idii ti ara wọn lori awọn kaakiri Linux ti o da lori Debian.
Ninu itọsọna yii a yoo wo bi a ṣe le lo awọn ohun-elo labẹ ohun elo debian-goodies eyiti o ni dglob, debget, dpigs, dgrep, debmany, checkrestart, popbugs ati eyiti-pkg-fọ.
Jẹ ki a wo apejuwe ti ọpa kọọkan ni isalẹ:
- dglob - Ṣe agbejade atokọ ti awọn orukọ akopọ eyiti o baamu apẹẹrẹ kan
- dgrep - Wa gbogbo awọn faili ni awọn idii ti a fun fun regex
- dpigs - Ifihan eyiti awọn idii ti o fi sii ti o gba aaye disiki pupọ julọ
- isanwo - Gba kan .deb fun package ni ibi ipamọ data APT
- debmany - Yan awọn oju-iwe ti a fi sori ẹrọ tabi awọn idii ti a ti kuro
- atunyẹwo - Wa ati awọn ilana atunbere eyiti o nlo awọn ẹya igba atijọ ti awọn faili igbesoke
- popbugs - Ṣafihan ijabọ aṣiṣe pataki-idasilẹ ti o da lori awọn idii ti o lo
- ewo-pkg-bu - Mu eyi ti package le ti fọ omiiran
Iwọnyi jẹ awọn ohun elo ti o wulo pupọ ti o le ṣe Isakoso System rọrun pupọ diẹ sii nigba lilo pẹlu awọn irinṣẹ ikarahun miiran. Ni otitọ, ohun elo Debian-goodies fihan alaye diẹ sii nipa awọn idii ju awọn irinṣẹ boṣewa bii dpkg ati awọn irinṣẹ apt.
Bii o ṣe le Fi Debian-goodies sii ni Debian, Ubuntu ati Mint Linux
Lati fi sori ẹrọ package debian-goodies, ṣiṣe aṣẹ yii ni isalẹ.
# sudo apt-get install debian-goodies
Lọgan ti a ti fi package debian-goodies sii, o to akoko lati ṣayẹwo lilo lilo iwulo kọọkan ti a pese nipasẹ package yii ni iyoku nkan naa.
Bii o ṣe le Lo Awọn ohun elo Debian-Goodies
Dglob ṣe atokọ atokọ ti awọn orukọ ti awọn idii tabi awọn faili bi a ṣe ṣalaye ninu apẹrẹ kan. Lati ṣe agbekalẹ orukọ gbogbo awọn idii, ṣaṣe ṣiṣe dglob tabi pẹlu aṣayan -a.
[email :~# dglob fonts-sil-abyssinica libatk-adaptor openoffice-onlineupdate libvorbisfile3 libquadmath0 libxkbfile1 linux-sound-base python-apt-common python-gi-cairo libgs9-common libgom-1.0-common libqt5qml5 libgtk2.0-bin libregexp-common-perl evolution-data-server libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth bind9-host libhtml-tagset-perl iputils-ping libcgmanager0 evince ...
Lati wa boya package kan wa lori ẹrọ rẹ, ṣiṣe dglob pẹlu orukọ package. Ninu apẹẹrẹ ni isalẹ a yoo wa Firefox, Apache2 ati debain-goodies.
[email :~# dglob firefox firefox-locale-en unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks firefox [email :~# dglob apache2 apache2 apache2-utils apache2-bin apache2-data [email :~# dglob debian-goodies debian-goodies
O le tẹjade atokọ ti gbogbo awọn faili ninu package ti a ṣalaye nipa lilo awọn aṣayan -f .
[email :~# dglob -f firefox /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/copyright /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/amazondotcom.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/amazon-en-GB.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/share/unity/scopes/web/firefoxbookmarks.scope /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/unity_firefoxbookmarks_daemon.py /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/__init__.py /usr/share/doc/unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks/copyright ....
A lo ohun elo dgreb lati wa awọn faili ni awọn orukọ akojọpọ pàtó kan fun ikosile deede. Ni akọkọ o ṣe ọpẹ nipasẹ awọn faili ti awọn idii ti a fi sii lori eto rẹ ati pe ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣayan ti a lo pẹlu ni awọn ti a lo pẹlu ọra ayafi fun diẹ.
Lati ṣalaye apẹrẹ kan, lo aṣayan -e bi atẹle.
[email :~# dgrep -e README apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: echo Setting ulimit failed. See README.Debian for more information. >&2 /usr/sbin/a2enmod: info( "See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on " /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: ReadmeName README.html /etc/apache2/mods-available/cache_disk.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8) /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info. ...
Lati tẹ orukọ faili titẹ sii kọọkan lati inu eyiti yoo ti tẹjade, lo aṣayan -l .
[email :~# dgrep -l conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query /usr/sbin/apache2ctl /usr/sbin/a2enmod /usr/share/doc/apache2/migrate-sites.pl /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 /etc/bash_completion.d/apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
Lati ṣe afihan awọn ẹya ti o baamu ti laini ti o baamu, lo aṣayan -o .
[email :~# dgrep -o conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf ...
IwUlO yii ni a lo lati ṣe afihan awọn idii ti o ti lo aaye pupọ julọ lori ẹrọ rẹ. O ṣe pataki pupọ paapaa nigbati o ba n lọ ni aaye ti o fẹ lati yọ diẹ ninu awọn idii kuro.
Lati wa awọn idii ti o gba aaye pupọ julọ lori ẹrọ rẹ, ṣaṣe ṣiṣe aṣẹ yii.
[email :~# dpigs 158762 linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 157066 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 155037 wine1.8-amd64 143459 wine1.8-i386 103364 linux-firmware 100412 firefox 96741 openjdk-8-jre-headless 96302 libgl1-mesa-dri 90808 thunderbird 90652 liboxideqtcore0
O le lo aṣayan -H lati ka awọn titobi package ni ọna kika kika eniyan.
[email :~# dpigs -H 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0
Lati ṣafihan nọmba ti awọn idii ti a fun ni iyatọ si aiyipada ti o jẹ 10, lo aṣayan -n .
[email :~# dpigs -H -n 15 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0 87.9M libgl1-mesa-dri 81.3M openoffice-core04 77.8M fonts-horai-umefont 64.2M linux-headers-4.2.0-16 61.5M ubuntu-docs
Lati wa iranlọwọ ni lilo awọn dpig, lo aṣayan -h .
[email :~# dpigs -h
Usage: dpigs [options]
Options:
-n, --lines=N
Display the N largest packages on the system (default 10).
-s, --status=status-file
Use status-file instead of the default dpkg status file.
-S, --source
Display the largest source packages of binary packages installed
on the system.
-H, --human-readable
Display package sizes in human-readable format (like ls -lh or du -h)
-h, --help
Display this message.
A lo awin naa lati gba fifun .deb fun package kan lati ibi ipamọ data package ti APT. Ninu awọn apẹẹrẹ ti nbọ a yoo mu awọn faili .deb fun apache2, zip ati awọn ohun elo oda.
[email :~# debget apache2 (apache2 -> 2.4.12-2ubuntu2)
[email :~# debget zip
(zip -> 3.0-11)
Downloading zip from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 154k 0 1211 0 0 2039 0 0:01:17 --:--:-- 0:01:17 47 154k 47 75059 0 0 44694 0 0:00:03 0:00:01 0:00:02 100 154k 100 154k 0 0 74182 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 74220
[email :~# debget tar
(tar -> 1.27.1-2)
Downloading tar from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tar/tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15 191k 15 30155 0 0 48338 0 0:00:04 --:--:-- 0:00:04 100 191k 100 191k 0 0 201k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 201k
Gbogbo awọn idii .deb ti a mu.
[email :~# dir -hl total 348K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86K Dec 30 12:46 apache2_2.4.7-1ubuntu4.6_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192K Dec 30 12:46 tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155K Dec 30 12:46 zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
O ti lo lati yan awọn oju-iwe titẹsi Afowoyi ti awọn idii ti a fi sii tabi ti aifi sori ẹrọ lori ẹrọ rẹ. IwUlO yii n gba ọ laaye lati wo gbogbo awọn iwe afọwọkọ ti package kan.
Diẹ ninu awọn aṣayan wọnyi ti o le lo pẹlu debmany lati ṣe afihan oju-iwe naa nipa lilo oluwo ti o fẹ:
Ti o ba lo ayika tabili KDE, lo aṣayan -k lati lo kfmclient.
[email :~# debmany -k tar
Akiyesi: Emi ko fi KDE DE sori ẹrọ mi, nitorinaa o nira lati ṣe afihan iṣafihan ti aṣẹ ti o wa loke.
Ti o ba lo ayika tabili GNOME, lo aṣayan -g lati lo gnome-open.
[email :~# debmany -g tar
Ti o ba lo agbegbe tabili tabili KDE/GNOME/Xfce, lo aṣayan -x lati lo kdg-ṣii.
[email :~# debmany -x tar
Rii daju pe a ti fi awọn oluwo ti o wa loke sori ẹrọ ṣaaju ki o to lo wọn tabi bẹẹkọ o le ni aṣiṣe kan.
A lo chechstart lati wa ati tun bẹrẹ awọn ilana ti o nlo awọn ẹya atijọ ti awọn faili ti o ti ni igbesoke tẹlẹ.
Lati lo atunbere pẹlu gbogbo awọn ilana, lo aṣayan -a .
[email :~# checkrestart -a
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 30 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(28 distinct programs)
(23 distinct packages)
Of these, 1 seem to contain systemd service definitions or init scripts which can be used to restart them.
The following packages seem to have definitions that could be used
to restart their services:
openssh-server:
1947 /usr/sbin/sshd
1889 /usr/sbin/sshd
These are the initd scripts:
service ssh restart
...
Lati ṣafihan pato awọn faili ti o paarẹ ti o so mọ package ti a fun lori ẹrọ, lo aṣayan -p .
[email :~# checkrestart -p
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 0 processes using old versions of upgraded files
O le ṣe agbejade alaye o wu alaye nipa lilo aṣayan -v .
[email :~# checkrestart -v
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 1 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(1 distinct program)
[DEBUG] Process /usr/bin/update-manager (PID: 2027)
List of deleted files in use:
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--search', '/usr/bin/update-manager']
[DEBUG] Reading line from dpkg-query: update-manager: /usr/bin/update-manager
[DEBUG] Found package update-manager for program /usr/bin/update-manager
(1 distinct packages)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--listfiles', 'update-manager']
These processes (1) do not seem to have an associated init script to restart them:
update-manager:
2027 /usr/bin/update-manager
O ti lo lati ṣe afihan atokọ ti awọn idun idasilẹ-ti adani ti o da lori awọn idii ti o lo nigbagbogbo lori eto rẹ. Nigbati o ba ṣiṣẹ awọn popbugs laisi eyikeyi aṣayan fun igba akọkọ, yoo fihan ọ ifiranṣẹ kan bi eyi ti o wa ni isalẹ.
[email :~# popbugs
There is no popularity-contest data present on your system. This
probably means that popularity-contest has not yet run since it
was installed. Try waiting for /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest to
to collect some data or manually run (as root user):
/usr/sbin/popularity-contest >/var/log/popularity-contest
Lati ṣe igbasilẹ akọọlẹ idije-gbajumọ, ṣiṣe aṣẹ yii ni isalẹ.
[email :~# /usr/sbin/popularity-contest > /var/log/popularity-contest
Lati tọju iṣujade ninu faili kan, lo aṣayan -output =/path/to/file. Faili o wu yẹ ki o jẹ faili html kan.
[email :~# popbugs --output=/tmp/output.html
Lati wo faili o wu ṣii faili lati aṣawakiri wẹẹbu nipa sisọ ipo faili naa.
Lati ṣe afihan alaye n ṣatunṣe aṣiṣe, lo aṣayan -d .
[email :~# popbugs --d POPCON: Adding package zeitgeist-core POPCON: Adding package upstart POPCON: Adding package unity-gtk2-module POPCON: Adding package whoopsie POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-input-evdev POPCON: Adding package unity-services POPCON: Adding package zlib1g POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-core ..
O ti lo lati wa awọn idii ti o ti fọ package miiran. Nigbakan eto rẹ le fọ nipasẹ awọn idii kan paapaa nigbati o ba ṣe igbesoke rẹ. Nitorina kini-pkg-bu le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati wa awọn idii ti o ti fọ eto rẹ tabi package kan pato lori eto naa.
Lati wa awọn idii ti o ti fọ apache2, ṣiṣe aṣẹ yii ni isalẹ.
[email :~# which-pkg-broke apache2 Package apache2 has no install time info Package mysql-common has no install time info Package libaprutil1-ldap has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libmysqlclient18 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-mysql has no install time info Package apache2-utils has no install time info Package libpq5 has no install time info Package apache2-data has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-odbc has no install time info libacl1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libattr1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 insserv Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libc6:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:55 2015 ...
Akopọ
Ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo miiran ti o ni ibatan si awọn ti a ni wo, eyiti a le kọ nipa rẹ ninu awọn nkan atẹle. Ireti pe o wa itọsọna yii wulo ati pe ti o ba ni awọn aṣiṣe eyikeyi nigba lilo wọn tabi ni awọn imọran miiran lati ṣafikun, jọwọ firanṣẹ asọye kan. Duro ni asopọ si Tecmint.