Awọn aṣẹ 10 fdisk lati Ṣakoso Awọn ipin Disk Linux


fdisk duro (fun “disk ti o wa titi tabi ọna kika disk”) jẹ iwulo ifọwọyi orisun ila-aṣẹ ti o wọpọ julọ ti a lo fun awọn eto Linux/Unix. Pẹlu iranlọwọ ti aṣẹ fdisk o le wo, ṣẹda, tun iwọn, paarẹ, yipada, daakọ ati gbe awọn ipin lori dirafu lile nipa lilo ọrọ ọrẹ ọrẹ olumulo ti o da lori wiwo atokọ ti atokọ.

Ọpa yii wulo pupọ ni awọn ofin ti ṣiṣẹda aaye fun awọn ipin tuntun, ṣiṣeto aaye fun awọn awakọ tuntun, tun-ṣeto awọn awakọ atijọ kan ati didakọ tabi gbigbe data si awọn disiki tuntun. O fun ọ laaye lati ṣẹda o pọju ipin akọkọ akọkọ mẹrin ati nọmba ti awọn ipin ti ogbon (ti o gbooro sii), da lori iwọn ti disiki lile ti o ni ninu eto rẹ.

Nkan yii ṣalaye 10 awọn aṣẹ fdisk ipilẹ lati ṣakoso tabili ipin kan ni awọn ọna ṣiṣe orisun Linux. O gbọdọ jẹ olumulo olumulo lati ṣiṣẹ pipaṣẹ fdisk, bibẹkọ ti o yoo gba aṣiṣe “aṣẹ ko rii”.

1. Wo gbogbo Awọn ipin Disk ni Linux

Atokọ aṣẹ atẹle atẹle gbogbo ipin disk ti o wa tẹlẹ lori ẹrọ rẹ. A ṣe ariyanjiyan '-l' ariyanjiyan fun (kikojọ gbogbo awọn ipin) pẹlu aṣẹ fdisk lati wo gbogbo awọn ipin to wa lori Linux. Awọn ipin ti han nipasẹ awọn orukọ ẹrọ wọn. Fun apẹẹrẹ:/dev/sda,/dev/sdb tabi/dev/sdc.

 fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

2. Wo Specific Disk Partition ni Linux

Lati wo gbogbo awọn ipin ti disiki lile pato lo aṣayan '-l' pẹlu orukọ ẹrọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, aṣẹ atẹle yoo han gbogbo awọn ipin disk ti ẹrọ/dev/sda. Ti o ba ti ni awọn orukọ ẹrọ oriṣiriṣi, rọrun kọ orukọ ẹrọ bi/dev/sdb tabi/dev/sdc.

 fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

3. Ṣayẹwo gbogbo Awọn aṣẹ fdisk Wa

Ti o ba fẹ lati wo gbogbo awọn ofin eyiti o wa fun fdisk. Nìkan lo aṣẹ atẹle nipa mẹnuba orukọ disiki lile gẹgẹbi/dev/sda bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ. Atẹle atẹle yoo fun ọ ni iṣẹjade iru si isalẹ.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

Tẹ 'm' lati wo atokọ ti gbogbo awọn aṣẹ ti o wa ti fdisk eyiti o le ṣiṣẹ lori/dev/sda disiki lile. Lẹhin, Mo tẹ ‘m’ loju iboju, iwọ yoo wo gbogbo awọn aṣayan to wa fun fdisk ti o le lo lori ẹrọ/dev/sda.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):

4. Sita gbogbo Tabili ipin ni Linux

Lati tẹ gbogbo tabili ipin ti disk lile, o gbọdọ wa lori ipo aṣẹ ti disk lile kan pato sọ/dev/sda.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Lati ipo aṣẹ, tẹ ‘p’ dipo ‘m‘ bi a ti ṣe tẹlẹ. Bi mo ṣe wọ ‘p’, yoo tẹ tabili/ipin/dev/sda kan pato.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

5. Bii o ṣe le Pa ipin kan ninu Linux

Ti o ba fẹ lati paarẹ ipin kan pato (ie/dev/sda9) lati disiki lile kan pato bii/dev/sda. O gbọdọ wa ni ipo aṣẹ fdisk lati ṣe eyi.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Nigbamii, tẹ 'd' lati paarẹ eyikeyi orukọ ipin ti a fun lati inu eto naa. Bi mo ṣe tẹ ‘d’, yoo tọ mi lati tẹ nọmba ipin ti Mo fẹ lati paarẹ lati/dev/sda disiki lile. Ṣebi Mo tẹ nọmba '4' sii nibi, lẹhinna yoo paarẹ nọmba ipin '4' (ie/dev/sda4) disk ati fihan aaye ọfẹ ni tabili ipin. Tẹ ‘w’ lati kọ tabili si disk ki o jade lẹhin ṣiṣe awọn ayipada tuntun si tabili ipin. Awọn ayipada tuntun yoo waye lẹhin atunbere atẹle ti eto. Eyi le ni oye ni rọọrun lati inu iṣelọpọ isalẹ.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

Ikilọ: Ṣọra, lakoko ṣiṣe igbesẹ yii, nitori lilo aṣayan ‘d‘ yoo paarẹ ipin patapata kuro ninu eto ati pe o le padanu gbogbo data ni ipin.

6. Bii o ṣe Ṣẹda Iyapa Tuntun ni Linux

Ti o ba ti ni aaye ọfẹ ti o fi silẹ lori ọkan ninu ẹrọ rẹ sọ/dev/sda ati pe yoo fẹ lati ṣẹda ipin tuntun labẹ rẹ. Lẹhinna o gbọdọ wa ni ipo aṣẹ fdisk ti/dev/sda. Tẹ iru aṣẹ wọnyi lati tẹ sinu ipo aṣẹ ti disiki lile kan pato.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Lẹhin titẹ si ipo aṣẹ, bayi tẹ aṣẹ “n” lati ṣẹda ipin tuntun labẹ/dev/sda pẹlu iwọn pato. Eyi le ṣe afihan pẹlu iranlọwọ ti atẹle iṣẹjade ti a fun.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e

Lakoko ti o n ṣẹda ipin tuntun, yoo beere lọwọ rẹ awọn aṣayan meji ‘ti o gbooro sii‘ tabi ‘ipilẹṣẹ’ ẹda ipin. Tẹ 'e' fun ipin ti o gbooro ati 'p' fun ipin akọkọ. Lẹhinna yoo beere lọwọ rẹ lati tẹ atẹle awọn igbewọle meji.

  1. Nọmba silinda akọkọ ti ipin lati ṣẹda.
  2. Nọmba silinda ti o kẹhin ti ipin lati ṣẹda (silinda to kẹhin, + awọn silinda tabi + iwọn).

O le tẹ iwọn silinda sii nipa fifi “+ 5000M” kun silinda to kẹhin. Nibi, '+' tumọ si afikun ati 5000M tumọ si iwọn ti ipin tuntun (ie 5000MB). Jọwọ ranti pe lẹhin ṣiṣẹda ipin tuntun kan, o yẹ ki o ṣiṣẹ ‘w’ aṣẹ lati paarọ ati fipamọ awọn ayipada tuntun si tabili ipin ati nikẹhin atunbere eto rẹ lati jẹrisi ipin ti a ṣẹṣẹ ṣẹda.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

7. Bii o ṣe le Ṣapa Apakan ni Linux

Lẹhin ti a ti ṣẹda ipin tuntun, maṣe foju si ọna kika ipin ti a ṣẹda tuntun nipa lilo pipaṣẹ 'mkfs'. Tẹ iru aṣẹ wọnyi ni ebute lati ṣe agbekalẹ ipin kan. Nibi/dev/sda4 jẹ ipin ti a ṣẹda tuntun mi.

 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4

8. Bii o ṣe le Ṣayẹwo Iwọn ti Apakan ni Linux

Lẹhin kika akoonu ipin tuntun, ṣayẹwo iwọn ti ipin yẹn nipa lilo asia 's' (awọn iwọn ifihan ni awọn bulọọki) pẹlu aṣẹ fdisk. Ni ọna yii o le ṣayẹwo iwọn eyikeyi ẹrọ kan pato.

 fdisk -s /dev/sda2
5194304

9. Bii o ṣe le ṣatunṣe Ibere Tabili ipin

Ti o ba ti paarẹ ipin ti ogbon ati tun ṣe atunda rẹ lẹẹkansi, o le ṣe akiyesi ‘ipin kuro ni aṣẹ’ iṣoro tabi ifiranṣẹ aṣiṣe bi ‘Awọn titẹ sii tabili ipin ko si ni aṣẹ disk’.

Fun apẹẹrẹ, nigbati awọn ipin ọgbọn ọgbọn mẹta bii (sda4, sda5 ati sda6) ti parẹ, ti a ṣẹda ipin tuntun, o le nireti pe orukọ ipin tuntun yoo jẹ sda4. Ṣugbọn, eto naa yoo ṣẹda bi sda5. Eyi n ṣẹlẹ nitori, lẹhin ti o ti paarẹ ipin naa, a ti gbe ipin sda7 bi sda4 ati iyipada aaye ọfẹ si opin.

Lati ṣatunṣe iru awọn iṣoro aṣẹ ipin, ati fi sda4 si ipin ti o ṣẹṣẹ ṣẹda, ṣe agbejade ‘x’ lati tẹ apakan iṣẹ-ṣiṣe afikun sii lẹhinna tẹ aṣẹ ‘amoye amoye lati ṣatunṣe aṣẹ tabili tabili ipin bi o ti han ni isalẹ.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): f
Done.

Expert command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

Lẹhin, ṣiṣe ‘f’ pipaṣẹ, maṣe gbagbe lati ṣiṣe ‘w‘ aṣẹ lati fipamọ ati jade kuro ni ipo pipaṣẹ fdisk. Ni kete ti o ṣeto aṣẹ tabili ipin, iwọ kii yoo gba awọn ifiranṣẹ aṣiṣe mọ.

10. Bii o ṣe le Mu Flag Boot (*) ti Ipin kan

Nipa aiyipada, aṣẹ fdisk fihan asia bata (ie aami ‘*’) lori ipin kọọkan. Ti o ba fẹ mu ṣiṣẹ tabi mu asia bata lori ipin kan pato, ṣe awọn igbesẹ wọnyi.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

Tẹ aṣẹ 'p' lati wo tabili ipin lọwọlọwọ, o rii pe asia bata (aami akiyesi (*) aami ni awọ osan) lori/dev/sda1 disk bi a ṣe han ni isalẹ.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Nigbamii tẹ aṣẹ 'a' lati mu asia bata, lẹhinna tẹ nọmba ipin '1' bi (ie/dev/sda1) ninu ọran mi. Eyi yoo mu asia bata lori ipin/dev/sda1. Eyi yoo yọ asia irawọ (*) kuro.

Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-9): 1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

Mo ti gbiyanju ipa mi julọ lati ṣafikun gbogbo awọn ofin ipilẹ ti awọn ofin fdisk, ṣugbọn fdisk sibẹ o ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ofin amoye miiran ti o le lo wọn nipa titẹ ‘x‘. Fun alaye diẹ sii, ṣayẹwo ‘man fdisk’ pipaṣẹ lati ọdọ ebute naa. Ti Mo ba padanu eyikeyi aṣẹ pataki, jọwọ ṣe alabapin pẹlu mi nipasẹ apakan asọye.

Ka Tun:

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