Bii o ṣe le Fi GUI sii (Gnome 3) Lilo CD/DVD lori RHEL/CentOS 7
Gẹgẹbi olutọju Linux fun diẹ sii ju 6 yrs, Mo lo ọpọlọpọ akoko mi ṣiṣẹ lori awọn ebute, ṣugbọn awọn ipo kan wa nibiti MO nilo GUI dipo ebute. Nipa aiyipada, RHEL/CentOS 7 olupin ti fi sori ẹrọ bi iwonba laisi eyikeyi atilẹyin Ojú-iṣẹ Aworan. Nitorinaa, lati fi GUI sori oke fifi sori ẹrọ ti o kere ju, a ni awọn aṣayan meji:
- Ọna akọkọ ni, fifi GUI sori ẹrọ (ie Gnome 3 ) ni lilo ibi ipamọ ipilẹ aiyipada, yoo gba lati ayelujara ati fi awọn idii sii lati Intanẹẹti.
- Ọna keji ni, fifi GUI sori ẹrọ ni lilo aworan RHEL/CentOS 7 ISO nipasẹ ẹrọ CD/DVD agbegbe, eyi yoo yago fun gbigba awọn idii lati intanẹẹti.
Ọna akọkọ jẹ ilana gbigba akoko, bi o ṣe n ṣe igbasilẹ awọn idii lati intanẹẹti ki o fi sii lori ẹrọ naa, ti o ba ni asopọ intanẹẹti ti o yara ju o le tẹ iru aṣẹ atẹle ni ori ebute lati fi GUI sii ni igba diẹ.
# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" [On CentOS 7] # yum groupinstall "Server with GUI" [On RHEL 7]
Ṣugbọn, awọn ti o ni asopọ lọra, wọn le tẹle ọna CD / DVD , nibi ni a ti fi awọn idii sii lati ẹrọ CD/DVD ti agbegbe rẹ, ati pe fifi sori ẹrọ yarayara pupọ. ju ọna akọkọ lọ.
Akiyesi: Awọn itọnisọna fifi sori ẹrọ fun GUI jẹ kanna fun awọn ọna mejeeji, ṣugbọn nibi ibi-afẹde akọkọ wa ni lati yago fun gbigba lati ayelujara ti awọn idii lati intanẹẹti ati dinku akoko.
Awọn ti n tẹle ọna CD/DVD, wọn gbọdọ ni kikun RHEL/CentOS 7 DVD ISO (ṣe igbasilẹ ati sun aworan si CD/DVD) pẹlu wọn, nitori a lo aworan yii lati ṣẹda ibi ipamọ yum agbegbe . Nitorinaa, lakoko fifi sori GUI, a gba awọn idii lati CD/DVD rẹ.
Akiyesi: Fun idi ifihan, Mo ti lo aworan RHEL/CentOS 7 DVD ISO lati fi sori ẹrọ Gnome 3, ṣugbọn awọn itọnisọna kanna tun ṣiṣẹ lori RHEL 7 pẹlu awọn ayipada kekere ninu awọn ofin.
Igbesẹ 1: Ṣiṣẹda Ibi ipamọ Yum Agbegbe
1. Ṣaaju ki o to ṣẹda ibi ipamọ yum ti agbegbe, fi sii aworan CentOS 7 DVD ISO rẹ kọnputa CD/DVD rẹ ki o gbee ni lilo awọn ofin wọnyi.
Ni akọkọ, ṣẹda itọsọna 'cdrom' ofo labẹ '/ mnt /' ipo ki o gbe 'cdrom' (/ dev/cdrom ni orukọ aiyipada ti ẹrọ rẹ) labẹ ọna '/ mnt/cdrom'.
mkdir /mnt/cdrom mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
2. Lọgan ti a 'gbe soke' cdrom, o le ṣayẹwo awọn faili labẹ/mnt/cdrom nipa lilo pipaṣẹ ls.
cd /mnt/cdrom/ $ ls -l total 607 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 14 Jul 4 21:31 CentOS_BuildTag drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 EFI -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 611 Jul 4 21:31 EULA -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 18009 Jul 4 21:31 GPL drwxr-xr-x 3 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 images drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 isolinux drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 2048 Jul 4 21:29 LiveOS drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 581632 Jul 5 15:56 Packages drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Jul 5 16:13 repodata -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1690 Jul 4 21:31 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1690 Jul 4 21:31 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 -r--r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 2883 Jul 6 23:02 TRANS.TBL
3. Nigbamii, ṣẹda faili ibi ipamọ yum agbegbe titun labẹ '/etc/yum.repos.d/' lilo olootu ayanfẹ rẹ, nibi Mo n lo olootu Vi.
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/centos7.repo
Ṣafikun awọn ila wọnyi si o, fipamọ ati da faili silẹ.
[centos7] name=centos7 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel7.repo
Ṣafikun awọn ila wọnyi si o, fipamọ ati da faili silẹ.
[rhel7] name=rhel7 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Diẹ ninu alaye nipa awọn ila ti o wa loke.
- [centos7] : Orukọ apakan repo tuntun naa.
- orukọ : Orukọ ibi ipamọ tuntun.
- baseurl : Ipo lọwọlọwọ ti awọn idii.
- Ti ṣiṣẹ : ibi ipamọ ti o ṣiṣẹ, iye ‘1’ tumọ si mu ṣiṣẹ ati pe ‘0’ tumọ si mu ṣiṣẹ.
- gpgcheck : Ṣayẹwo ibuwọlu awọn idii, ṣaaju fifi wọn sii.
- gpgkey : Ipo ti bọtini.
4. Nisisiyi, ṣayẹwo ibi ipamọ agbegbe ti a ṣẹda tuntun wa lati atokọ yum repost, ṣugbọn ṣaaju pe o gbọdọ nu kaṣe yum ki o rii daju repo agbegbe.
yum clean all yum repolist all
yum repolist all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centosmirror.go4hosting.in * extras: centosmirror.go4hosting.in * updates: centosmirror.go4hosting.in repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base enabled: 8,465 base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources disabled centos7 centos7 enabled: 3,538 centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus disabled centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources disabled debug/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo disabled extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras enabled: 80 extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources disabled updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates enabled: 1,459 updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources disabled repolist: 13,542
Akiyesi: Njẹ o rii ninu iṣelọpọ ti o wa loke ti afihan ni awọ pupa, iyẹn tumọ si repo agbegbe wa ti ṣiṣẹ ati pe o wa lati fi awọn idii sii.
Ṣugbọn, iwọ yoo tun rii ọpọlọpọ awọn ibi ipamọ ti wa ni ṣiṣiṣẹ ninu iṣẹjade ti o wa loke, ti o ba gbiyanju lati fi sori ẹrọ eyikeyi package o yoo gba CentOS Base bi ibi ipamọ aiyipada.
Fun apẹẹrẹ, jẹ ki a gbiyanju lati fi sori ẹrọ package ‘httpd’ nipa lilo pipaṣẹ yum.
yum install httpd
============================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-18.el7.centos updates 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-18.el7.centos updates 77 k mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 10 M Is this ok [y/d/N]:
Akiyesi: O rii ninu iṣujade ti o wa loke, package ‘httpd’ n fi sori ẹrọ lati ibi ipamọ ipilẹ CentOS, paapaa ti o ba fi ipa mu yum lati fi awọn idii sii lati ibi ipamọ agbegbe nipasẹ fifi ‘-enablerepo‘ aṣayan ṣe, o tun nlo CentOS Base bi aiyipada repo rẹ. Fun u ni idanwo ki o wo awọn abajade, iwọ yoo gba abajade kanna bi loke.
yum --enablerepo=centos7 install httpd
Nitorinaa, lati fi awọn idii sii lati ibi ipamọ agbegbe wa, a nilo lati lo awọn aṣayan ‘–disablerepo’ lati mu gbogbo ibi ipamọ kuro ati ‘–enablerepo’ lati jẹ ki centos7 tabi rhel7 repo wa.
Igbesẹ 2: Fifi Gnome 3 sii ni RHEL/CentOS 7
5. Lati fi GUI (Gnome 3) sori ẹrọ olupin fifi sori ẹrọ ti o kere ju RHEL/CentOS 7, ṣiṣe aṣẹ yum atẹle.
yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=centos7 groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=rhel7 groupinstall "Server with GUI"
Aṣẹ ti o wa loke yoo fi sori ẹrọ ati yanju gbogbo awọn idii igbẹkẹle nipa lilo ibi ipamọ agbegbe, lakoko fifi sori ẹrọ yoo beere fun ifọwọsi tẹ “ Y ” lati tẹsiwaju ..
6. Nigbati fifi sori ba pari, ṣe eto lati bata laifọwọyi si Ọlọpọọmídíà Aworan, nibi a ko lo faili '/ ati be be/inittab' lati yi oju-iwe pada, nitori RHEL/CentOS 7 yipada si eto ati nibi a lo 'awọn ibi-afẹde' si yipada tabi ṣeto awọn runlevels aiyipada.
Ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle lati sọ fun eto naa lati bata Oju-iṣẹ Gnome laifọwọyi ni ibẹrẹ eto.
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
7. Lọgan ti o ṣeto aiyipada ‘awọn ibi-afẹde’ fun GUI, tun atunbere olupin naa lati wọle si Ojú-iṣẹ Gnome.
8. Lọgan ti Gnome 3 ti fi sii, yọ ẹrọ CD/DVD kuro.
umount /mnt/cdrom